Questões - MACKENZIE 2006 | Gabarito e resoluções

(Mackenzie - 2006) The Brain in Love Using neurochemistry to try to unravel the experience of romantic passion By Barbara Smuts Fisher is well known for her three previous books (The Sex Contract, Anatomy of Love and The First Sex), which bring an evolutionary perspective to myriad aspects of sex, love, and sex differences. This book is the best, in my view, because it goes beyond observable behaviors to consider their underlying brain mechanisms. Most people think of romantic love as a feeling. Fisher, however, views it as a drive so powerful that it can override other drives, such as hunger and thirst, render the most dignified person a fool, or bring rapture to an unassuming wallflower. This original hypothesis is consistent with the neurochemistry of love. While emphasizing the complex and subtle interplay among multiple brain chemicals, Fisher argues convincingly that dopamine deserves center stage. This neurotransmitter drives animals to seek rewards, such as food and sex, and is also essential to the pleasure experienced when such drives are satisfied. Fisher thinks that dopamines action can explain both the highs of romantic passion (dopamine rising) and the lows of rejection (dopamine falling). Citing evidence from studies of humans and other animals, she also demonstrates marked parallels between the behaviors, feelings and chemicals that underlie romantic love and those associated with substance addiction. Like the alcoholic who feels compelled to drink, the impassioned lover cries that he will die without his beloved. Dying of a broken heart is, of course, not adaptive, and neither is forsaking family and fortune to pursue a sweetheart to the ends of the earth. Why then, Fisher asks,has evolution burdened humans with such seemingly irrational passions?Drawing on evidence from living primates, paleontology and diverse cultures, she argues that the evolution of largebrained, helpless hominid infants created a new imperative for mother and father to cooperate in child-rearing. Romantic love, she contests, drove ancestral women and men to come together long enough to conceive, whereas attachment, another complex of feelings with a different chemical basis, kept them together long enough to support a child until weaning (about fouryears). Evidence indicates that as attachment grows, passion recedes. Thus, the same feelings that bring parents together often force them apart, as one or both fall in love with someone new. Fishers theory of how human pair-bonding evolved is just one of several hypotheses under debate today, and she does not discuss these alternatives. Like the words of a talented lover, Fishers prose is charming and engaging. One chapter is a litany to passion in other animals, a vivid reminder that we are not the only species that feels deeply. Another provides new insight into the obsessive attempts of abandoned lovers to rekindle romance. Toward the end of the book, Fisher helps to redeem the self-help genre, rooting her advice in hard science. Image: BARBARA SMUTS OLIVE BABOONS, an adult female (left) and male, snuggle during an afternoon rest period in Kenya. Among baboons, only pairs who have formed longterm friendships have been observed in such intimate contact. (Adapted from http://www.sciam.com) The sentence Why has evolution burdened humans with such seemingly irrational passions? in the reported speech will be:

(MACKENZIE - 2006) INSIDE A MAKEOVER One Companys story illustrates how music-industry giants are retooling in an attempt to survive the digital future. by Karen Lowry Miller The battle for digital control ___ ( I )____ in the movie business, but ___( II )___ virtually over in music. The giants are winning. Court rulings have forced free music upstarts like Grokster and Napster out of business, and earlier this month required Kazaa, the producer of filesharing technology, to introduce filters to prevent piracy. The idea that free music would gut the big record companies seems a distant memory, even though it was still the conventional wisdom just a year ago. Were finally seeing a raft of new initiatives from really big players, says Eric Nicoli, chairman of one of the big four music companies, the EMI Group. This stuff is happening all day, every day now. Just consider the last month: Apple and Motorola unveiled a phone that can play music from iTunes, and announced partnerships with big U.S. and British phone companies to develop the mobile music market. In London, two giant retailers, HMV and Virgin, announced digital music ventures, a sign that the online sector is reaching mass-market size. The big labels have arrested a four-year, 25 percent plunge in sales and can now concentrate on exploring new business models to navigate the digital landscape. Nicoli has the buoyant air of a man who has just survived a close scrape with death. In a recent series of interviews, he and other top execs at EMI offered a detailed glimpse at the recent tumult, and where EMI and their industry is likely to go from here. (Adapted from Newsweek.) The words and verb forms which properly fill in blanks I and II in the text are:

(MACKENZIE - 2009) STEELY MAN By Sean Smith Surely theyre not going to kill Superman. Inside a soundstae in Sydney, Australia, Brandon Routh, as the Man of Steel, crawls across a black, wet wasteland, pursued by the evil Lex Luthor (Kevin Spacey) and Luthors three henchmen. Of the thugs grabs Superman by this hair and shoves his face into a dark puddle, holding the heros head underwater as he struggles for air. Luthor strides up behind Superman, stabs him in the back with some sort of Kryptonite shiv and whispers a sentence so ___ (I) ___ (and, for now, top secret) into his ear that Superman cries out in agony. He staggers to his feet, stumbles and topples backward over a cliff. Luthor walks to the edge, looks down into the abyss and sneers, So long, Superman. Playing this scene just once would be rough. Routh will be beaten and ___( II )___ for hours. Hes very heroic ___( III )___ , says director Bryan Singer, sipping an iced vanilla latte. You just happened to catch him on a bad day. By the time Superman Returns lands in theaters next summer, it will have taken Warner Bros. 11 torturous years to get the movie off the ground. At one point in the mid-1990s, Tim Burton was going to direct Nicolas Cage as the man in tights. The next big plan was Superman vs. Batman, directed by Wolfgang Petersen. Then, a few years ago J. J. Abrams, creator of the shows Alias and Lost, chipped in a Superman script that whipped up a frenzy around the lot. It was teeming with huge action sequences, but altered the Superman myth. (In Abramss version, the planet Krypton survived.) Director McG was dying to direct it, but couldnt because he had committed to make Charlies Angels: Full Throttle. Brett Ratner signed on, but tussled with the studio over the budget at one point it was estimated at more than $200 million and left after six months. McG then stepped back in to direct, but location became a problem. By shooting in Australia, the studio could shave about $30 million off the budget. McG refused to fly, so the studio showed him the door. (Adapted fromNewsweek) The words which properly fill in blanks I, II and III in the text are:

(Mackenzie) (...) Parecera-me ento que a demagogia tenentista, aquele palavrrio chocho, nos meteria no atoleiro. Ali estava o resultado: ladroagens, uma onda de burrice a inundar tudo, confuso, mal-entendidos, charlatanismo, energmenos microcfalos vestidos de verde a esgoelar-se em discursos imbecis, a semear delaes. O levante do 3 Regimento e a revoluo de Natal haviam desencadeado uma perseguio feroz. Tudo se desarticulava, sombrio pessimismo anuviava as almas, tnhamos a impresso de viver numa brbara colnia alem. Pior: numa colnia italiana. Este trecho das Memrias do crcere, de Graciliano Ramos, se refere a um perodo dos mais conturbados da vida poltica brasileira. Trata-se:

(Mackenzie 2006) El extranjero llegó sin aliento a la estación desierta. Su gran valija, que NADIE quiso cargar, le había fatigado en extremo. SE ENJUGÓ EL ROSTRO CON UN PAÑUELO, y con la mano en visera miró los RIELES que se perdían en el horizonte. Desalentado y pensativo, consultó su reloj: la hora justa en que el tren debía partir. Alguien, salido de quien sabe dónde, le dio una PALMADA muy suave. Al volverse, el extranjero se halló ante un viejecillo de vago aspecto ferrocarrilero. Llevaba en la mano una linterna roja, pero tan pequeña, que parecía un juguete, Miró desorientado al viajero. Juan José Arreola. Confabulario definitivo. El sinónimo correcto de la palabra NADIE, destacada, es:

(Mackenzie SP - 2006) Bero da filosofia, a Grcia antiga legou ao pensamento ocidental obras que o marcaram profundamente, e que ainda hoje o influenciam. o caso, notadamente, do dilogo A Repblica, de Plato. Assinale, abaixo, a alternativa que traz, em resumo, uma das principais ideias dessa obra.

(Mackenzie 2006) Nikita Khrushchev states that:

(Mackenzie - 2006) John Locke (1632-1704) um dos fundadores do empirismo. Atualmente, pouco lido. Muito ganharamos, entretanto, se nos ocupssemos novamente dos tratados sobre o governo civil, com a carta sobre a tolerncia e, particularmente, com o ensaio sobre o entendimento humano. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta um fragmento do seu pensamento.