Questões de Inglês - UEA | Gabarito e resoluções

(UEA - SIS - 2020/2) Leia o texto para responder a questo. Reasons why plastic bags should be banned Plastic bags are everywhere in our environment. When we go to purchase our groceries, we use plastic bags because they are convenient. In fact, in our modern lives, they have become part of us. However, the convenience of these plastic bags come at a very high cost to the environment and negatively affect human health. Several cities globally have begun banning the use of plastic bags while some have enforced restricted laws against the use of plastic bags because of the negative effects of their usage. Besides, the use of plastic bags is considered as one of the11issues that humans are facing in their contemporary life. Countries such as China have banned the use of plastics. Bangladesh and India have only banned the use and sale of polyethylene bags which basically have thickness of less than 50 microns. Plastic bags do not only pollute our water but also our land. Plastic bags are usually lightweight and, as such, they can travel very long distances by either water or wind. Wind blows these plastic bags and trashes a whole area. These litters get caught up in between trees, fences and float in water bodies, then moving to the worlds oceans. (www.conserve-energy-future.com. Adaptado. No ttulo do texto, a expresso should be banned indica que os sacos plsticos

(UEA - 2019) Wood wide web: trees social networks are mapped Research has shown that beneath every forest and wood there is a complex underground web of roots, fungi and bacteria helping to connect trees and plants to one another. This subterranean social network, nearly 500 million years old, has become known as the wood wide web. Now, an international study has produced the first global map of the mycorrhizal fungi networks dominating this secretive world. Using machine-learning, researchers from the Crowther Lab at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and Stanford University in the US used the database of the Global Forest Initiative, which covers 1.2 million forest tree plots with 28,000 species, from more than 70 countries. Using millions of direct observations of trees and their symbiotic associations on the ground, the researchers could build models from the bottom up to visualise these fungal networks for the first time. Prof Thomas Crowther, one of the authors of the report, told the BBC, Its the first time that weve been able to understand the world beneath our feet, but at a global scale. The research reveals how important mycorrhizal networks are to limiting climate change and how vulnerable they are to the effects of it. Just like an Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the brain helps us to understand how the brain works, this global map of the fungi beneath the soil helps us to understand how global ecosystems work, said Prof Crowther. What we find is that certain types of microorganisms live in certain parts of the world, and by understanding that we can figure out how to restore different types of ecosystems and also how the climate is changing. Losing chunks of the wood wide web could well increase the feedback loop of warming temperatures and carbon emissions. Mycorrhizal fungi are those that form a symbiotic relationship with plants. There are two main groups of mycorrhizal fungi: arbuscular fungi (AM) that penetrate the hosts roots, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) which surround the trees roots without penetrating them. (Claire Marshall. www.bbc.com, 15.05.2019. Adaptado.) O trecho do terceiro pargrafo Just like an Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the brain helps us to understand how the brain works, this global map of the fungi beneath the soil helps us to understand how global ecosystems work estabelece uma relao de

(UEA - SIS - 2018/2) Heading the soccer ball may be bad for young brains The question of whether young children should use their heads on the soccer field has been a debatable one in recent years. In 2015, U.S. Youth Soccer, the organization that oversees most of the American leagues for children and teenagers, announced a ban on heading in games and practices by participants younger than 11, citing concerns that the play might contribute to brain concussions. In response, some soccer authorities pointed out that young players would be late to learn an essential soccer skill and that concussions from heading are rare in that age group. Now a study presented last month at the annual convention of the American College of Sports Medicine may help quell doubts about the current regulations, which went into effect in 2016. Gretchen Reynolds. www.nytimes.com, 19.06.2018. Adaptado.) No trecho do terceiro pargrafo whichwent into effect in 2016, o termo sublinhado refere-se a

(UEA - 2018) Leia o texto para responder questo. Plastic-eating bacteria discovered by student could help solve global pollution crisis A student may have found a solution to one of the worlds most urgent environmental crises breeding bacteria capable of eating plastic and potentially breaking it down into harmless by-products. The microbes degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) one of the worlds most common plastics, used in clothing, drinks bottles and food packaging. It takes centuries to break down, in the meantime doing untold damage to its surroundings. Morgan Vague, who is studying biology at Reed College in Oregon, said the process could play a big part of solutions to the planets plastic problem, which sees millions of tonnes dumped in landfill and oceans every year. Around 300 million tonnes of plastic is discarded each year, and only about 10 per cent of it is recycled. She began hunting for microbes adapted to degrade plastic in the soil and water around refineries in her hometown of Houston. Taking her samples back to college in Portland, Oregon, Ms Vague began testing around 300 strains of bacteria for lipase, a fat-digesting enzyme potentially capable of breaking down plastic and making it palatable for the bacteria. She identified 20 strains of bacteria that produced lipase, and of those, three that boasted high levels of the enzyme. Next, she put the three microbes, one of which appears to have been previously undiscovered, on a forced diet of PET she cut from strips of water bottles. She was stunned to find the bacteria worked to digest the plastic. (Tom Embury-Dennis. www.independent.co.uk, 30.06.2018. Adaptado.) No trecho do terceiro pargrafo She wasstunnedto find the bacteria worked to digest the plastic, o termo sublinhado tem sentido equivalente, em portugus, a

(UEA - SIS - 2016) Rare animals vital for ecosystem life support Rare animal species are vital to maintaining tropical ecosystems and could cause a chain reaction of disastrous biodiversity loss if they go extinct, a study warns. Animals that are considered rare because they occupy a niche environment or there are few of them are more likely than common animals to perform specialised and often irreplaceable roles in their environments, the study found. This is especially true for highly biodiverse environments, such as the tropics, the researchers say. Losing rare species today may mean losing much more complex processes in the long term, says lead author Rafael Leito, a biologist at the National Institute of Amazonian Research in Manaus, Brazil. The study notes that rare animals perform essential ecosystem services such as dispersing seeds, filtering water and controlling other animal populations and invasive species. There is no way to know exactly how, in future, an ecosystem__________with the loss of those rare species, but chain effects are common, meaning that the loss of some functions can lead to other losses, making the whole environment crumble, says Leito. (www.scidev.net. Adaptado.) A lacunano terceiro pargrafo do texto corretamente preenchida por

(UEA - 2015) Jurassic World breaks box office record Jurassic World broke box office records around the world. It is the first movie to make more than $500 million on its opening weekend. It made $204 million in the USA and $100 million in China. A movie expert said everyone was surprised. He said: No one saw this coming. Most people thought the film would make $100 million in the USA. The movie The Avengers has the record for the most successful movie on an opening weekend in the US. Jurassic World is part four in the Jurassic Park series. The first was in 1993. The latest movie was the most popular film in the 66 countries where it was released. One reason is because many parents who watched the first Jurassic Park when they were children took their own kids to see Jurassic World. Another reason is because the movie opened in China and in the US on the same weekend. China is the worlds second biggest film market. (www.breakingnewsenglish.com) A frase do primeiro pargrafo A movie expert said everyone was surprised pode ser reescrita, mantendo-se o sentido do texto, como

(UEA - 2014) Leia o texto para responder questo. Mr. Day was a teacher at a school in a big city in the north of England. He usually went to France or Germany for a few weeks during his summer holidays, and he spoke French and German quite well. But one year Mr. Day said to one of his friends, Im going to have a holiday in Athens. But I dont speak Greek, so Ill go to evening classes and have Greek lessons for a month before I go. He studied very hard for a month, and then 10 holidays began and he went to Greece. When he came back a few weeks later, his friend said to him, Did you have any trouble with your Greek when you were in Athens, Dick? No, I didnt have any trouble with it, answered Mr. Day. But the Greeks did! (L. A. Hill. Elementary Stories for Reproduction, 1977.) A primeira frase do texto poderia ser expressa no presente, sem alterar o sentido do texto, como:

(UEA -2014) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: Amazon tribes The Amazon is the worlds largest rainforest. It is also the ancestral home of one million Indians. They are divided into about 400 tribes, each with its own language, culture and territory. 1Many have had contact with outsiders for almost 500 years. Others uncontacted tribes have had no contact at all. How do they live? Most Indians live in settled villages by the rivers, and grow vegetables and fruits like manioc, corn, beans and bananas. They also hunt and fish, using plant-based poisons to stun the fish. Some tribes use shotguns for hunting, others use bows and arrows, spears, or blowguns with darts tipped with curare. Only a few Amazonian tribes are nomadic; they tend to live deep in the forest away from the rivers. They grow some crops but rely more on hunting and gathering. 2__________ their problems? Almost all the Indians problems revolve around land: 3outsiders either want their land, or something on or underneath it. The key threats are a massive boom in oil and gas exploration, rampant illegal logging and the rapid spread of ranching and farming. (www.survivalinternational.org. Adaptado.) A lacuna no texto (ref. 2) pode ser corretamente preenchida por: