Questões de Inglês - UFF | Gabarito e resoluções

(UFF -2008) CURIOSITY: a path toward knowledge? 4Curiositys virtue is its greed. It wonders, often indiscriminately, about everything it focuses on. Curiosity carries you, limited by time and space, beyond the immediate. It knows no boundaries, and it pushes you to learn about everything thats still unknown or unfamiliar to you. 1It can as easily direct itself to the ancient Egyptians as to the wriggling pond-life under your microscope. But thats also its vice, for its usually directed to very particular interests - say, to ballet or to bugs. You therefore have to make strenuous efforts to extend its range, so that your wonder about ballet becomes knowledge about dance, or so that your fascination with bugs turns into a lifelong love affair with the entire natural world. When you were a child, your eagerness to learn defined your behavior. You were full of wonder about everything - touching, holding, maybe wrecking anything that came into your reach. And as soon as you could talk you were full of questions: 2why is the sky blue? why is up up? why cant tomorrow be yesterday? You found everything curiouser and curiouser, as Alice found it in Wonderland. Adults tried to answer your endless questions (even if you sometimes drove them crazy with them), for they knew that by rewarding your natural inquisitiveness and by satisfying your excitement to know, theyd help you to learn and, equally important, to acquire a taste for learning throughout your life. Yet you must keep this in mind about knowledge: it isnt the same thing as information. Knowledge is information that has been given organization, meaning, and use. 3Facts exist by themselves. Knowledge is a human creation. 5Hydrogen and chlorine are elements of nature. Thats a fact. Your understanding that, when combined, these two elements create new substances, such as hydrochloric acid, which has certain characteristics that hydrogen and chlorine independently dont have, constitutes knowledge. Knowledge differs from information as music differs from sound. An orchestra warming up doesnt make music; it makes only noise. It makes music when the conductor takes over and each performer follows the score in cooperation with one another. Music is sound given form and significance. Similarly, knowledge is information given structure and meaning. The facts in your head become knowledge when you put them together so that theyre related to one another and, put together, take on meaning that is large than the mere facts alone. Nothing has meaning by itself. Information has to gain meaning from the application of human thought. To attain knowledge, you must struggle endlessly to derive meaning from information. Curiosity can be every students best friend. Its the inner signal of what your mind and spirit want to know at any particular time. You ask questions and pursue your curiosity for a single reason: to create knowledge. (Adapted from BANNER, Jr., M.J. and CANNON, H.C. The elements of learning. New Haven: Yale Press, 1999.) Glossary greed = ganncia, avidez wriggling = remexendo-se, contorcendo-se to wreck = destruir to reward = recompensar to pursue = buscar, perseguir to struggle = esforar-se Mark the option in which the apostrophe S is used as in curiositys virtue (ref. 4).

(Uff 2007) SHALL WE DANCE? planets SPIN.             lightning leaps. atoms dance.             and so do we.   Skirts bloom at a square dance in Albany, Oregon. "It's friendship set to music," says Marilyn Schmit, who met her husband on a square dance date 16 years ago. By Cathy Newman NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SENIOR WRITER NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC - JULY 2006             1From the first kick of a baby's foot to the last "Anniversary Waltz," we dance - to internal rhythms and external sounds. 2Before the written word, humans spoke the language of dance. It's as ancient as the 3,400-year-old image of a man with a lute, dancing on a clay plaque discovered in the Middle East.             We dance, not just with our bodies, but from the heart. "Dance is bodies sounding off," says Judith Lynne Hanna, an anthropologist at the University of Maryland. We pour out love and hate, joy and sorrow; appeal to the spirits, gods, and nature; flirt, seduce, court; celebrate birth, death, and everything in between. We even presume to reorder the world, as if, in the Shaker song, by "turning, turning we come round right." Dance is so profane, some religions ban it; so sacred, others claim it.             Dance in America can hardly contain itself. We dance - from Florida to Alaska, from horizon to horizon and sea to sea, in the ballrooms of big cities and whistle-stop bars, in Great Plains Grange halls, church basements, barrio nightclubs, and high school auditoriums. 3We do the polka, waltz, fox-trot, tarantella, jitterbug, samba, salsa, rumba, mambo, tango, bomba, cha-cha, merengue, mazurka, conga, Charleston, two-step, jerk, swim, Watusi, twist, monkey, electric slide, Harlem shake, shim sham shimmy, fandango, garba, gourd dance, corn dance, hora, hopak - as if our lives depended on it. Some believed just that: A medieval superstition averred that dancing in front of Saint Vitus's statue ensured a year of good health.             We dance out of anguish, to attain solace, and, sometimes, in an attempt to heal. "I remember a couple," says Lester Hillier, owner of a dance studio in Davenport, Iowa. The husband was a retired farmer. His wife, a housewife, wore flat shoes and a floral housedress. "One of their sons had been killed. The devastated parents had a dance lesson booked the day after it happened. They insisted on coming anyway," Hillier recalls.             As the lesson hour drifted to a close, the couple asked for one last dance. They wanted a waltz. And when it ended, she rested her head on his chest; he wrapped his arms around her shoulders. Then they stood still, clinging to one another.             Dance, like the rhythm of a beating heart, is life. It is, also, the space between heartbeats. It is, said choreographer Alwin Nikolais, what happens between here and there, between the time you start and the time you stop. "It is," says Judith Jamison, artistic director of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, 4"as close to God as you are going to get without words."             To dance is human. To dance is divine.   Glossary: anniversary - celebração de bodas lute - alaúde (instrumento musical de cordas) clay - argila averred - afirmava solace - consolo   The present tense of the verbs in the text subtitle ("Planets spin ... and so do we") is used to express

(UFF - 2002) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: Read the text below, from Scientific American (SA), and choose the best option for the questions. INTERVIEW WITH PAUL NURSE* This biologist has followed his interests from fur and feather to cell cycles and cancer control Paul Nurse is one of Britains most distinguished scientists today. 1His groundbreaking work on the cell cycle in the 1970s and 80s revealed how cells make the decisions to grow and divide, thus laying the foundation for a MOLECULAR UNDERSTANDING OF CANCER. 2This has earned him numerous honors, including the LASKER BASIC MEDICAL RESEARCH AWARD in 1998, and many regard him a prime candidate for the NOBEL PRIZE. Since 1996, Sir Paul, who WAS KNIGHTED last year, has also been director-general of the largest cancer research organization in the U.K., the IMPERIAL CANCER RESEARCH FUND (ICRF). (was knighted = foi condecorado como cavaleiro) SA: When did you decide to become a scientist? Was that quite early, or only at university? PN: Well, I think actually already as a schoolchild. I remember seeing Sputnik 2 when I was in London. As a young child, eight or nine years old, I read about it in the newspaper and went out in our garden and saw Sputnik 2 fly over, I think in 1957 or 1958, and this was truly amazing. And then when I was a little older I became interested in natural history, and I watched birds, and I collected beetles, and was interested in plants and so on. So my main entre into biology was through natural history. I think that is quite common. SA: Was it always clear you wanted to become a biologist, not a physicist or an astronomer? PN: Yes, but originally I was more interested in natural history and ecology, and then I found it so difficult, because the laboratory of this field [pointing to the grass] is too uncontrolled. So as I grew older, as an undergraduate and then as a postgraduate, I really wanted to work more on molecular and cellular things, because you could do controlled experiments so much better. SA: Who do you consider your most important teacher? PN: I had a very good teacher of biology at school, who I recently met again actually, a man called Keith Neal. Then I think a very important person was my postdoctoral advisor, when I was in the University of Edinburgh, Professor Murdoch Mitchison, who gave me great freedom as a young investigator and allowed me to work in my own way. I owe him great debt for that. He encouraged me, he spoke to me, but he really made no attempt to control me, a very good situation. SA: You are mostly famous for your work on the CELL CYCLE, the cell machinery that controls cell division in eukaryotes. Could you explain what your most important discovery was? PN: I think the most interesting discovery that I made was to identify components of what is now sometimes called the cell cycle engine. All humans are made up of billions of cells, and they grow and divide. The process that brings about the reproduction of cells is called the cell cycle. I have been interested for many years in what controls progression through that cell cycle, what regulates the cell division process. SA: You have two daughters, is either one planning to be a scientist? PN: I have two daughters, that is true. One of them is, at the moment, a sports journalist at our local television station in Oxford, and the other is in her final year at Manchester University doing theoretical physics. So I have one who is a scientist and one who isnt. SA: Did you ever encourage them to become scientists? PN: No, but I would be quite pleased if one of them did. But I think they should make up their own minds. SA: I also know you are a pilot. Do you think flying an airplane and heading a research institute have anything in common, or is it very different? PN: Its very different, and I think thats why I am attracted to it. I am a glider pilot, mainly, and I fly gliders when I can at the weekend. Its really to do something totally different, having to concentrate on totally different sorts of things, like keeping this airplane up, and going in the right direction, and finding the up currents. Its a major relaxation because it is so different from what I do normally. SA: Do you think you will always work on the cell cycle? PN: I am still working on the cell cycle, but I also have a new area, which is related to the cell cycle, which is cell morphogenesis, or how a cell obtains its form, its shape. I think this is another very fundamental biological problem, like the cell cycle, which I find very interesting. It has some relevance to cancer also, because when cancer cells metastasize and spread through the body, they have to undergo a variety of cell shape changes to be able to escape from their tissue and to get into other places. But the basic mechanisms that control cell shape are simply not understood. SA: Have you had any personal experience with cancer in your family or among friends, and did that change your view of cancer research? PN: Because I am director-general of ICRF, it actually means that I meet now many people that have been affected by cancer. So although in my own family I have not, one of my friends certainly has. He survived, but that was really a tough time, and it was quite an experience for me. It makes me realize that cancer isnt simply an academic problem, that it is a problem that obviously influences in very important ways peoples lives, and I think that changes the way you view the research that goes on in an institute. SA: Do you think we will see a cure for cancer like our grandparents saw a cure for infectious diseases? PN: I dont, actually. Cancer, first of all, is many different diseases, many different sites and forms; some people say it is as many as 200 different diseases. There are many different genes that can become defective to give rise to cancer, and they all have different characteristics. So I think the likelihood of having a common treatment for all of these is just not likely. There will be some treatments that will be useful across the board, but I think it would be a mistake to look for the cure to cancer. But what I think we can expect to see is steady improvement by applying this new knowledge to treating and preventing the disease. *Paul Nurse was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Scientific American: Interviews: Paul Nurse: June 26, 2000 False friends are words in a foreign language which are similar in form to words in our mother tongue, but which do not have the same meaning. Which pair of words below (taken from the text) contains ONLY false friends?

(UFF - 2000) Ebola turns out to be yellow fever Gary Younge in Berlin Saturday August 7, 1999 The Ebola virus panic gripping Germany finally subsided yesterday when the man suspected of having contracted the disease was diagnosed as having died of yellow fever, five days after returning from west Africa. Olaf Ullmann, 40, died at 7.24am yesterday - the first person to be killed by yellow fever in Germany for more than 50 years. His health had deteriorated rapidly in the last 24 hours as his liver and kidneys failed and he lost consciousness. Ebola was ruled out late on Thursday night, but there was a delay in diagnosing yellow fever partly because Ullmann had been vaccinated in 1993. The doctor who treated him said yellow fever and Ebola had similar symptoms of heavy breathing and high fever, but little else could have been done to save him. Even had we known from the beginning he was suffering from yellow fever it would not have changed the treatment, said Norbert Suttorp of Berlins Charit hospital. The yellow fever vaccination, considered effective for at least 10 years, fails to provide immunity in 1% of cases. Ullmann was probably bitten by an infectedmosquito during his trip to Ivory Coast, where he was filming a documentary on local wildlife. Experts in tropical medicine wearing plastic suits had been treating him since Tuesday. A 6ft fence was erected around his isolation ward. An outbreak of yellow fever is considered unlikely: his three travelling companions, including his wife, are in good health. Swissair, which flew the Ullmanns back from Ivory Coast, has given the passenger list to the German authorities but the risk of contagion is considered negligible. Even had we known from the beginning he was suffering from yellow fever it would not have changed the treatment ( 5). The verb phrases in bold indicate that the change in treatment: