Questões de Inglês - UFRGS 2018 | Gabarito e resoluções

(Ufrgs 2018) The complex linguistic universe of Game of Thrones Game of Thrones has 1garnered 38 Emmy awards for its portrayal of a world of sex, violence and politics so real that some viewers could imagine moving there. Part of that detail has been the creation of the richest linguistic universe since J.R.R. Tolkiens Middle Earth. In the field of language-creation for fictional worlds, there is Tolkien, and there is everybody else. But David Peterson, the language-smith of Game of Thrones , comes a close second for the amount of thought put into its two languages, Dothraki and Valyrian. The interest in these tongues is such that a textbook for learning Dothraki has been published, while Duolingo, a popular online language-learning platform, now offers a course in High Valyrian. Inspired by fictional languages such as those in the Star Wars films and with a masters degree in linguistics, Peterson made Dothraki and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible. Creating words is the easy part; anyone can string together nonsense syllables. But Peterson, like Tolkien, took the trouble to give his words etymologies and cousins, so that the word for feud is related to the words blood and fight. To make the languages pronounceable but clearly foreign, he put non-English sounds in high-frequency words (like khaleesi , or queen), put the stress in typically non-English places, and had words begin with combinations of sounds that are impossible in English, like hr . 2Armed with a knowledge of common linguistic sound changes, he gives his languages the kinds of irregularities and disorder that arise in the real world: High Valyrians obar (curve) becomes Astapori Valyrians uvor . Words meaningsas in real lifedrift, too, giving the system more realistic messiness. Languages also play a prominent role in the storyline. Dothraki is the guttural language of a horse-borne warrior nation, but high-born Daenerys Targaryen does not 3look down on it; 4methodically learning it is key to her rise. Tyrion Lannister is left to administer the city of Mereen despite his 5ropy command of Valyrian, leading to some comic moments. And a prophecy of a future hero acquires new meaning when an interpreter explains that the word in question is ambiguous in Valyrianit could be prince or princess. It might seem odd that a highly sexist society like the one of Game of Thrones would have languages where sex roles were not clearly marked, but languages are not always perfect vehicles for a culture. Random change can leave them with too many words for one concept, and not enough for another. In this way, the flawed nature of language reflects the 6foibles of flawed humans and the imperfect worlds they 7strive to create. Adaptado de: https://www.economist.com/news/books-andarts/21725752-dothraki-and-valyrian-are-mostconvincing-fictional-tongues-elvish. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017. Considere as possibilidades de reescrita do segment: Inspired by fictional languages such as those in the Star Wars films, Peterson made Dothraki and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible. I. Peterson, inspired by fictional languages such as those in the Star Wars films, made Dothraki and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible. II. Being as rich and realistic as possible, Peterson made Dothraki and Valyrian inspired by fictional languages such as those in the Star Wars films. III. Fictional languages in the Star Wars films inspired Peterson to make Dothraki and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible. Quais poderiam substituir o segmento destacado, sem prejuízo do sentido original e da correção gramatical?

(UFRGS - 2018) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: A(s) questo(es) a seguir est(o) relacionada(s) ao texto abaixo. _____1_____ September 11, 2001, at 8:46 A.M., a hijacked airliner crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York. At 9:03 A.M. a second plane crashed into the south tower. The resulting infernos caused the buildings to collapse, 1the south tower after burning for an hour and two minutes, the north tower twenty-three minutes after that. 2The attacks were masterminded by Osama bin Laden in an attempt to intimidate the United States and unite Muslims for a restoration of the caliphate. 9/11, as the happenings of that day are now called, has set off debates on a vast array of topics. But I would like to explore a lesserknown debate triggered by it. Exactly how many events took place in New York on that morning _____2_____ September? 3It could be argued that the answer is one. The attacks on the two buildings were part of a single plan conceived by one man in service of a single agenda. They unfolded _____3_____ a few minutes and yards of each other, targeting the parts of a complex with a single name, design, and owner. And they launched a single chain of military and political events in their aftermath. Or it could be argued that the answer is two. The towers were distinct collections of glass and steel separated by an expanse of space, and they were hit at different times and went out of existence at different times. The amateur video that showed the second plane 4closing in on the south tower as the north tower billowed with smoke makes the twoness unmistakable: while one event was frozen in the past, the other loomed in the future. The gravity of 9/11 would seem to make this discussion frivolous to the point of impudence, a matter of mere semantics, as we say, with its implication of 5splitting hairs. But the relation of language to our inner and outer worlds is a matter of intellectual fascination and real-world importance. _____4_____ importance is often hard to quantify, _____5_____ this case I can put an exact value on it: 3,5 billion dollars. That was the sum in a legal dispute for the insurance payout to Larry Silverstein, the leaseholder of the World Trade Center site. Silversteins insurance policies stipulated a maximum reimbursement for each destructive event. If 9/11 comprised a single event, he stood to receive 3,5 billion dollars; if two, he stood to receive 7 billion. In the trials, the attorneys disputed the applicable meaning of the term event. The lawyers for the leaseholder defined it in physical terms (two collapses); those for the insurance companies defined it in mental terms (one plot). There is nothing mere about semantics! Adapted from: PINKER, Steven. The Stuff of Thought. New York: Penguin, 2007. p. 1-2. Consider the following propositions for rephrasing the sentence The attacks were masterminded by Osama bin Laden in an attempt to intimidate the United States and unite Muslims for a restoration of the caliphate (ref. 2). I. Attempting to intimidate the United States and unite Muslims for a restoration of the caliphate, Osama bin Laden has masterminded the attacks. II. Osama bin Laden masterminded the attacks in an attempt to intimidate the United States and unite Muslims for a restoration of the caliphate. III. In an attempt to intimidate the United States and unite Muslims for a restoration of the caliphate, the attacks have been masterminded by Osama bin Laden. If applied to the text, which ones would be correct and keep the literal meaning?

(UFRGS - 2018) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: A(s) questo(es) a seguir est(o) relacionada(s) ao texto abaixo. _____1_____ September 11, 2001, at 8:46 A.M., a hijacked airliner crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York. At 9:03 A.M. a second plane crashed into the south tower. The resulting infernos caused the buildings to collapse, 1the south tower after burning for an hour and two minutes, the north tower twenty-three minutes after that. 2The attacks were masterminded by Osama bin Laden in an attempt to intimidate the United States and unite Muslims for a restoration of the caliphate. 9/11, as the happenings of that day are now called, has set off debates on a vast array of topics. But I would like to explore a lesserknown debate triggered by it. Exactly how many events took place in New York on that morning _____2_____ September? 3It could be argued that the answer is one. The attacks on the two buildings were part of a single plan conceived by one man in service of a single agenda. They unfolded _____3_____ a few minutes and yards of each other, targeting the parts of a complex with a single name, design, and owner. And they launched a single chain of military and political events in their aftermath. Or it could be argued that the answer is two. The towers were distinct collections of glass and steel separated by an expanse of space, and they were hit at different times and went out of existence at different times. The amateur video that showed the second plane 4closing in on the south tower as the north tower billowed with smoke makes the twoness unmistakable: while one event was frozen in the past, the other loomed in the future. The gravity of 9/11 would seem to make this discussion frivolous to the point of impudence, a matter of mere semantics, as we say, with its implication of 5splitting hairs. But the relation of language to our inner and outer worlds is a matter of intellectual fascination and real-world importance. _____4_____ importance is often hard to quantify, _____5_____ this case I can put an exact value on it: 3,5 billion dollars. That was the sum in a legal dispute for the insurance payout to Larry Silverstein, the leaseholder of the World Trade Center site. Silversteins insurance policies stipulated a maximum reimbursement for each destructive event. If 9/11 comprised a single event, he stood to receive 3,5 billion dollars; if two, he stood to receive 7 billion. In the trials, the attorneys disputed the applicable meaning of the term event. The lawyers for the leaseholder defined it in physical terms (two collapses); those for the insurance companies defined it in mental terms (one plot). There is nothing mere about semantics! Adapted from: PINKER, Steven. The Stuff of Thought. New York: Penguin, 2007. p. 1-2. Consider the following propostitions for rephrasing the fragment of the sentencethe south tower after burning for an hour and two minutes(ref. 1) I. the south tower lower after having been burning for an hour and two minutes II. the south tower after it ws burning for an hour and two minutes III. the south tower after it had been burning for an hour and two minutes If applied to the text, which ones would be correct and keep the literal meaning?

(UFRGS - 2018) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: A(s) questo(es) a seguir est(o) relacionada(s) ao texto abaixo. So here I am, upside down in a woman. Arms patiently crossed, waiting, waiting and wondering who Im in, 1what Im in for. My eyes close nostalgically when I remember how I once drifted in my translucent body bag, floated dreamily in the bubble of my thoughts through my 2private ocean in slowmotion somersaults, colliding gently against the 3transparent bounds of my confinement, the confiding membrane that vibrated with, even as it muffled, the voices of conspirators in a 4vile enterprise. That was in my careless youth. Now, fully inverted, not an inch of space to myself, knees crammed against belly, my thoughts as well as my head are fully engaged. Ive no choice, my ear is pressed all day and night against the 5bloody walls. I listen, make mental notes, and Im troubled. Im hearing pillow talk of deadly intent and Im terrified by what awaits me, by what might 6draw me in. Im immersed in abstractions, and only the proliferating relations between them create the illusion of a known world. When I hear blue, which Ive never seen, I imagine some kind of mental event thats fairly close to greenwhich Ive never seen. I count myself an innocent, 7unburdened by allegiances and obligations, a free spirit, despite my 8meagre living room. No one to contradict or reprimand me, no name or previous address, no religion, no debts, no enemies. My appointment diary, if it existed, notes only my forthcoming birthday. I am, or I was, despite what the geneticists are now saying, a blank slate. 9But a slippery, porous slate no school-room or cottage roof could find use for, a slate that writes upon itself as it grows by the day and becomes less blank. I count myself an innocent, but it seems Im party to a plot. My mother, bless her 10unceasing, loudly squelching heart, seems to be involved. In: McEWAN, Ian. Nutshell: a novel. New York: Nan A. Talese / Doubleday, 2016. p. 1-2. O segmento draw me in (ref. 6), como empregado no texto, poderia ser substitudo por

(UFRGS - 2018) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: A(s) questo(es) a seguirest(o) relacionada(s) ao texto abaixo. _____1_____ September 11, 2001, at 8:46 A.M., a hijacked airliner crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York. At 9:03 A.M. a second plane crashed into the south tower. The resulting infernos caused the buildings to collapse,1the south tower after burning for an hour and two minutes, the north tower twenty-three minutes after that.2The attacks were masterminded by Osama bin Laden in an attempt to intimidate the United States and unite Muslims for a restoration of the caliphate. 9/11, as the happenings of that day are now called, has set off debates on a vast array of topics. But I would like to explore a lesserknown debate triggered by it. Exactly how many events took place in New York on that morning _____2_____ September? 3It could be argued that the answer is one. The attacks on the two buildings were part of a single plan conceived by one man in service of a single agenda. They unfolded _____3_____ a few minutes and yards of each other, targeting the parts of a complex with a single name, design, and owner. And they launched a single chain of military and political events in their aftermath. Or it could be argued that the answer is two. The towers were distinct collections of glass and steel separated by an expanse of space, and they were hit at different times and went out of existence at different times. The amateur video that showed the second plane4closing in on the south tower as the north tower billowed with smoke makes the twoness unmistakable: while one event was frozen in the past, the other loomed in the future. The gravity of 9/11 would seem to make this discussion frivolous to the point of impudence, a matter of mere semantics, as we say, with its implication of5splitting hairs. But the relation of language to our inner and outer worlds is a matter of intellectual fascination and real-world importance. _____4_____ importance is often hard to quantify, _____5_____ this case I can put an exact value on it: 3,5 billion dollars. That was the sum in a legal dispute for the insurance payout to Larry Silverstein, the leaseholder of the World Trade Center site. Silversteins insurance policies stipulated a maximum reimbursement for each destructive event. If 9/11 comprised a single event, he stood to receive 3,5 billion dollars; if two, he stood to receive 7 billion. In the trials, the attorneys disputed the applicable meaning of the term event. The lawyers for the leaseholder defined it in physical terms (two collapses); those for the insurance companies defined it in mental terms (one plot). There is nothing mere about semantics! Adapted from: PINKER, Steven.The Stuff of Thought. New York: Penguin, 2007. p. 1-2. Consider the following propositions for rephrasing the clause it could be argued that the answer is one(ref. 3). I. One might argue that the answer is one II. You could say that the answer is one. III. They should argue that the answer is one. If applied to the text, which ones would be correct and keep the literal meaning?