Questões de Inglês - UFSCAR | Gabarito e resoluções

(UFSCAR - 2008) O texto seguinte foi publicado na seo Health for Life da revista Newsweek. Leia-o e responda as questes de nmeros 11 a 16. Stronger, Faster, Smater Exercise does more than build muscles and help prevent heart disease. New science shows that it also boosts brainpower and may offer hope in the battle against Alzheimers. BY MARY CARMICHAEL The stereotype of the dumb jock has never sounded right to Charles Hillman. A jock himself, he plays hockey four times a week, but when he isnt body-checking his opponents on the ice, hes giving his mind a comparable workout in his neuroscience and kinesiology lab at the University of Illinois. Nearly every semester in his classroom, he says, students on the womens cross-country team set the curve on his exams. So recently he started wondering if there was a vital and overlooked link between brawn and brains if long hours at the gym could somehow build up not just muscles, but minds. With colleagues, he rounded up 259 Illinois third and fifth graders, measured their body mass index and put them through classic PE routines: the sit-and-reach, a brisk run and timed pushups and sit-ups. Then he checked their physical abilities against their math and reading scores on a statewide standardized test. Sure enough, on the whole, the kids with the fittest bodies were the ones with the fittest brains, even when factors such as socioeconomic status were taken into account. Sports, Hillman concluded, might indeed be boosting the students intellect and also, as long as he didnt take the puck to the head, his own () (Newsweek, April 9, 2007.) Os referentes their e the ones destacados no texto se referem respectivamente a:

(UFSCar - 2000) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: THE END OF EVOLUTION? The development of symbolic thought and complex communication did nothing less than alter human evolution. For one thing, high-tech transportation means that the world, though ethnically diverse, now really consists of a single, huge population. Everything we know about evolution suggests that to get true innovation, you need small, isolated populations, says Tattersall, which is now unthinkable. Not only is a new human species next to impossible, but technology has essentially eliminated natural selection as well. During prehistory, only the fittest individuals and species survived to reproduce. Now strong and weak alike have access to medicine, food and shelter of unprecedented quality and abundance. Poor peasants in the Third World, says University of Michigan anthropologist Milford Wolpoff, are better off than the Emperor of China was 1,000 years ago. And technology shows no signs of slowing down, which means that even dramatic changes in the natural world wont necessarily have evolutionary consequences. Argues Wolpoff.. Were not going to adapt to the next ice age by changing our physical form. Well set off an atom bomb or set up a space mirror or whatever to control climate. Manipulation of the human genome, meanwhile, will eventually let us change the basic characteristics of our species to order. Evolution by natural selection could be replaced, perhaps chillingly, with evolution by human intervention. Thats not to say humanity cant become extinct. A 50-mile-wide asteroid crashing down from space would do it. So could a sudden and thorough collapse of earths ecosystem through pollution, deforestation and the like - unless we establish some colonies in space beforehand. But, whatever happens, the long history of multiple hominid species struggling for supremacy on earth is over. After millions of years, evolution by natural selection, operating blindly and randomly, has produced a creature capable of overturning evolution itself. Where we go from here is now up to us. (From Up From The Apes in TIME MAGAZINE, August 23,1999, p.5.) A palavra unless que se encontra no ltimo pargrafo, na frase -unless we establish some colonies... indica uma relao de

(UFSCar -2000) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: THE END OF EVOLUTION? The development of symbolic thought and complex communication did nothing less than alter human evolution. For one thing, high-tech transportation means that the world, though ethnically diverse, now really consists of a single, huge population. Everything we know about evolution suggests that to get true innovation, you need small, isolated populations, says Tattersall, which is now unthinkable. Not only is a new human species next to impossible, but technology has essentially eliminated natural selection as well. During prehistory, only the fittest individuals and species survived to reproduce. Now strong and weak alike have access to medicine, food and shelter of unprecedented quality and abundance. Poor peasants in the Third World, says University of Michigan anthropologist Milford Wolpoff, are better off than the Emperor of China was 1,000 years ago. And technology shows no signs of slowing down, which means that even dramatic changes in the natural world wont necessarily have evolutionary consequences. Argues Wolpoff.. Were not going to adapt to the next ice age by changing our physical form. Well set off an atom bomb or set up a space mirror or whatever to control climate. Manipulation of the human genome, meanwhile, will eventually let us change the basic characteristics of our species to order. Evolution by natural selection could be replaced, perhaps chillingly, with evolution by human intervention. Thats not to say humanity cant become extinct. A 50-mile-wide asteroid crashing down from space would do it. So could a sudden and thorough collapse of earths ecosystem through pollution, deforestation and the like - unless we establish some colonies in space beforehand. But, whatever happens, the long history of multiple hominid species struggling for supremacy on earth is over. After millions of years, evolution by natural selection, operating blindly and randomly, has produced a creature capable of overturning evolution itself. Where we go from here is now up to us. (From Up From The Apes in TIME MAGAZINE, August 23,1999, p. 5.) A palavra which na frase which is now unthinkable, constante da ltima linha do primeiro pargrafo, refere-se a