Questões de Inglês - UFV | Gabarito e resoluções

(Ufv 2010) The Benefits of a New Space Race In October 2003 China became only the third nation to launch a human into space aboard its own rocket. Colonel Yang Liwei, China’s first taikonaut, orbited the Earth for barely a day before returning, slightly shaken, to a landing in Mongolia. It was a significant technical achievement for a country that has been struggling to modernize its economy and its technology, and the 2Chinese government trumpeted it to its people and the world. Although Yang’s flight received considerable attention around the globe, what was almost ignored is the fact that 8after his feet were firmly on the ground, the orbital module from his Shenzhou 5 spacecraft continued to circle the earth, carrying several military payloads. The module is apparently equipped both with a reconnaissance camera capable of spotting objects on the ground about a yard long, and an array of antennas for intercepting radar and other signals from hundreds of miles away. 4Despite this, Shenzhou is not something the United States should be concerned about, but should actually encourage. China is pursuing a human space program for three primary reasons: international prestige, domestic pacification, and industrial policy. A human space program enhances China’s status as a major power, at least within the Pacific region. It also feeds nationalist hunger among the populace, making them proud of the achievements of their country even while they realize that they live under an authoritarian and corrupt government— 1bread and circuses for the masses. Finally, a Chinese “white paper” about space makes clear that the Chinese anticipate numerous technological developments to flow from their space program. Building a space capability requires improvements in manufacturing, computers and materials that the Chinese hope to use in other areas 3of their economy. Because China is a rival to the United States, it is not in American interests to see them gain international prestige, pacify an oppressed population, or improve their technology. But now that China has entered the human spaceflight arena, and President Bush has proposed a new exploration plan, America’s best move might be to engage the Chinese in future cooperation in human spaceflight, such as dangling the possibility of sending future missions to the International Space Station, and possibly even future competition in this realm as well. For several years 6the Western science press has been filled with articles about China’s space ambitions. Reporters have claimed that China has bold plans for a large human spaceflight program, including everything from space stations to Moon landings. Many of these reports, however, have generated bad translations of articles originally published in Chinese, or handwaved away the laws of physics.China’s space ambitions are in reality much less dramatic and the requirements to achieve some of these goals much higher than the press has implied. Although most of these stories are false, it would be in America’s best interest if they are true, and a shrewd strategy to encourage China’s peaceful exploration of space, with humans, is called for. Human spaceflight is enormously expensive, even in places where labor is cheap. Despite the slow and deliberate pace of the Chinese human spaceflight program so far, it is clear that China has spent a considerable amount of money to acquire this new capability—nearly $2 billion. In addition to developing a spacecraft and launching four previous unmanned missions, China has also built a new rocket, a new launch pad, and a large assembly building for integrating all of the equipment, as well as various other support facilities, such as a tracking station in Namibia and several tracking ships. Recovery forces such as helicopters and aircraft cost additional money. China may also demonstrate the value of spaceflight at diverting domestic attention from government oppression and corruption. 5But the Chinese government is going to do this anyway with other events, such as the 2008 Olympics.As for China’s industrial policy, the United States long ago learned that the spin-off argument is a weak one; although developing 7spacecraft does produce some useful technologies, it is generally inefficient. If you want a faster computer chip, then develop one; there is no need to go to the Moon to do so. The only demonstrated payoff of human spaceflight is prestige. (Dwayne A. Day. Available in http://www.thespacereview.com/article/137/1. Retrieved on July 23, 2009. Adapted.)   “[…] spacecraft does produce some useful technologies […]” (ref. 7). The underlined word is used, in this context, to:

(UFV -2010) The Benefits of a New Space Race In October 2003 China became only the third nation to launch a human into space aboard its own rocket. Colonel Yang Liwei, Chinas first taikonaut, orbited the Earth for barely a day before returning, slightly shaken, to a landing in Mongolia. It was a significant technical achievement for a country that has been struggling to modernize its economy and its technology, and the 2Chinese government trumpeted it to its people and the world. Although Yangs flight received considerable attention around the globe, what was almost ignored is the fact that 8after his feet were firmly on the ground, the orbital module from his Shenzhou 5 spacecraft continued to circle the earth, carrying several military payloads. The module is apparently equipped both with a reconnaissance camera capable of spotting objects on the ground about a yard long, and an array of antennas for intercepting radar and other signals from hundreds of miles away. 4Despite this, Shenzhou is not something the United States should be concerned about, but should actually encourage. China is pursuing a human space program for three primary reasons: international prestige, domestic pacification, and industrial policy. A human space program enhances Chinas status as a major power, at least within the Pacific region. It also feeds nationalist hunger among the populace, making them proud of the achievements of their country even while they realize that they live under an authoritarian and corrupt government 1bread and circuses for the masses. Finally, a Chinese white paper about space makes clear that the Chinese anticipate numerous technological developments to flow from their space program. Building a space capability requires improvements in manufacturing, computers and materials that the Chinese hope to use in other areas 3of their economy. Because China is a rival to the United States, it is not in American interests to see them gain international prestige, pacify an oppressed population, or improve their technology. But now that China has entered the human spaceflight arena, and President Bush has proposed a new exploration plan, Americas best move might be to engage the Chinese in future cooperation in human spaceflight, such as dangling the possibility of sending future missions to the International Space Station, and possibly even future competition in this realm as well. For several years 6the Western science press has been filled with articles about Chinas space ambitions. Reporters have claimed that China has bold plans for a large human spaceflight program, including everything from space stations to Moon landings. Many of these reports, however, have generated bad translations of articles originally published in Chinese, or handwaved away the laws of physics.Chinas space ambitions are in reality much less dramatic and the requirements to achieve some of these goals much higher than the press has implied. Although most of these stories are false, it would be in Americas best interest if they are true, and a shrewd strategy to encourage Chinas peaceful exploration of space, with humans, is called for. Human spaceflight is enormously expensive, even in places where labor is cheap. Despite the slow and deliberate pace of the Chinese human spaceflight program so far, it is clear that China has spent a considerable amount of money to acquire this new capabilitynearly $2 billion. In addition to developing a spacecraft and launching four previous unmanned missions, China has also built a new rocket, a new launch pad, and a large assembly building for integrating all of the equipment, as well as various other support facilities, such as a tracking station in Namibia and several tracking ships. Recovery forces such as helicopters and aircraft cost additional money. China may also demonstrate the value of spaceflight at diverting domestic attention from government oppression and corruption. 5But the Chinese government is going to do this anyway with other events, such as the 2008 Olympics.As for Chinas industrial policy, the United States long ago learned that the spin-off argument is a weak one; although developing 7spacecraft does produce some useful technologies, it is generally inefficient. If you want a faster computer chip, then develop one; there is no need to go to the Moon to do so. The only demonstrated payoff of human spaceflight is prestige. (Dwayne A. Day. Available in http://www.thespacereview.com/article/137/1. Retrieved on July 23, 2009. Adapted.) The passive structure [] the Western science press has been filled with articles [] (ref. 6) can be rewritten in the active voice as:

(UFV -2003) The Mozart Effect 1 Mozart makes you smarter! Researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered that people who listened to ten minutes of Mozart before taking an intelligence test scored higher than people who listened to ten minutes of relaxation instructions or who, for ten minutes, sat in silence. Scientists speculate that some kinds of music stimulate neural pathways in the brain. For a period of up to fifteen minutes after listening, the group that heard Mozart improved significantly in abstract and spatial reasoning. The one downer - that improvement is1temporary - may be because listening is a passive activity. No one knows if listening longer results in staying smarter longer. 2 Although some studies suggest that children as young as two can benefit intellectually from music, you can be any age to take advantage of the Mozart Effect. You dont have to be a musician. You can profit from it regardless of your level of formal education. It doesnt matter what kind of job you do, nor if youve never listened to a note of Mozart in your life. You dont even have to like music! The Mozart Effect works automatically. 3 As a man, Mozart was playful, mercurial, ebullient: a quick thinker. The rapidity with which he processed information and went from one level of understanding to the next is echoed in the meticulous organization of his2frequently complicated but3always clear music. Mozarts music induces widely varied emotional responses in us, but it4never allows us to wallow: it changes too5fast. 4 Mozart had a notable career as a child virtuoso. His father, Leopold, had him playing piano at four, composing by five. Mozarts neural pathways, widened at an early age and stimulated constantly (Mozart composed more than six hundred works before he died at thirty-five), facilitated his fluent expression of musical thought. What is it in Mozart that heightens our perceptivity? Perhaps it has something to do with being able to pay attention. (Source: Adapted fromMozart for Your Mind: Boost Your Brain Power with Wolfgang Amadeus, Philips Classics Productions, CD 11.649.77.412, 1995.) Considering the text, in which alternative is the reference CORRECT?

(UFV -2003) The Mozart Effect 1 Mozart makes you smarter! Researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered that people who listened to ten minutes of Mozart before taking an intelligence test scored higher than people who listened to ten minutes of relaxation instructions or who, for ten minutes, sat in silence. Scientists speculate that some kinds of music stimulate neural pathways in the brain. For a period of up to fifteen minutes after listening, the group that heard Mozart improved significantly in abstract and spatial reasoning. The one downer - that improvement is 1temporary - may be because listening is a passive activity. No one knows if listening longer results in staying smarter longer. 2 Although some studies suggest that children as young as two can benefit intellectually from music, you can be any age to take advantage of the Mozart Effect. You dont have to be a musician. You can profit from it regardless of your level of formal education. It doesnt matter what kind of job you do, nor if youve never listened to a note of Mozart in your life. You dont even have to like music! The Mozart Effect works automatically. 3 As a man, Mozart was playful, mercurial, ebullient: a quick thinker. The rapidity with which he processed information and went from one level of understanding to the next is echoed in the meticulous organization of his 2frequently complicated but 3always clear music. Mozarts music induces widely varied emotional responses in us, but it 4never allows us to wallow: it changes too 5fast. 4 Mozart had a notable career as a child virtuoso. His father, Leopold, had him playing piano at four, composing by five. Mozarts neural pathways, widened at an early age and stimulated constantly (Mozart composed more than six hundred works before he died at thirty-five), facilitated his fluent expression of musical thought. What is it in Mozart that heightens our perceptivity? Perhaps it has something to do with being able to pay attention. (Source: Adapted from Mozart for Your Mind: Boost Your Brain Power with Wolfgang Amadeus, Philips Classics Productions, CD 11.649.77.412, 1995.) All the following words are used as adverbs in the text, EXCEPT:

(UFV -2002) How important is leisure time? How important is time to relax and to collect yourself? Many doctors believe that learning to relax in order to relieve day-to-day tension could one day save your life. In our fast-paced world, it is almost impossible to avoid building up tension from stress. All of us confront stress daily; anything that places an extra demand on us is stress. We encounter stress on the job, and we face it at home. 1The body responds to stress by mobilizing its defenses. Blood pressure rises and muscles get ready to act. If our tension is not relieved, it can start numerous reactions, both physical and psychological. 2Yet, we can learn to cope with stress effectively and to avoid its consequences. How? By relaxing in the face of stress. According to researcher Hans Selye of the University of Montreal, the effects of stress depend not on what happens to us, but on the way we react. In times of stress, taking a few moments to sit quietly and relax can make anyone feel better. Some people enjoy listening to classical music, while 3others are interested in going to rock concerts. One person may be fascinated by watching an eagle in its nest, whereas another might be bored by sitting in a field for hours, studying the eagle through binoculars. It may be pure pleasure for you to play endless hours of chess, but for others it could be pure frustration. 4Fortunately, people have invented countless ways of amusing 5themselves, and whatever your particular taste is, no doubt theres a physical or mental activity for you to get involved in and enjoy. Of course, finding the activity that is right for you is half the fun! And dont forget: Take your time to smell the flowers. (WERNER, P. K. Mosaic I: A content-based Grammar. New York: Random House, 1985.) The sentence which is grammatically correct is:

(UFV -2001) The World We Live In 1 If I was to choose a word for the present state of the world, one quickly comes to mind: 2bad! Thats right. Bad! Were living in a bad world. Nowadays, kids are killing kids. Kids have real guns with real bullets that bring real death. 2 Jobs, drugs, violence, AIDS, war, corruption, racism, education, street children, the environment: these are the issues today. Issues that we have to take an initiative on. Does anybody feel our politicians will do something concrete to solve these problems? I dont. You know and I know what politicians do in the long run. Nothing. 3 So, what are we going to do? What can we do to ensure this planets survival? I can only come up with one solution: everyone should get involved. So, lets all pray to the highest heavens for a 3better world: 4 Dear Lord, deliver us from the evils of the world, the evil people in this world. Please, wipe out all diseases, especially AIDS. Give everybody a job so that they can make a comfortable living. No more wars. Give us all education and homes for the poor. Please give us the intelligence to save whats left of our environment. And Lord, if you take care of that, my children and their children can have those endless summers like we all had. Let 1them be able to run and play and eat ice cream. Let them not have to worry about whether they might get killed by a stray bullet in school trying to get an education. Finally, Dear Lord, please, once and for all, deliver us from sexism, racism, and all the other bad isms. Dear Lord, if you can take care of that, I promise well take care of the rest. Peace, Spike Lee September 13, 1992. (Source: Adapted from a text by filmmaker Spike Lee, Rolling Stone Magazine, Issue 643, Nov. 12, 1992) The adjective forms bad (ref. 2) and better (ref. 3) have as their superlative forms, respectively:

(UFV - 2000) RELIGION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR 1 Does life have meaning? What gives it meaning? Why do we act the way we do? What is the best way to live? How can we find peace? 2 There are questions that people have struggled with throughout history. Philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, and physicists are among the many thinkers who have tried to give us answers. We look for answers within ourselves, but few are satisfactory. In the end, it is religion that gives most of the world answers to these questions. 3 Hundreds of religions exist in the world, yet all religions try to answer the same quesitons. Every religion describes two sides of human nature - the animal and the divine; It is these opposing sides that cause conflicts. Every religion gives people a method that they can follow to resolve the conflicts. All religions have a goal, which is in one form or another the transformation of humans from the animal to the divine. This spiritual transformation is common to all religions, though it has many names: nirvana, heaven, salvation. 4 All cultures in the world have religious beliefs. For that reason, every part of life is affected by religions, whose teachings offer guidelines on ways to live. (WERNER, P. K. Mosaic: a content-based grammar.New York: Random House, 1985.) In the sentence MANY thinkers have tried to give us answers, the capital word has a meaning close to:

(UFV -1996) ASTROLOGY: Fact or Fiction? Scientists have for many years denounced astrology as unscientific, and there is no doubt that many so-called astrological facts are nonsense. But the question still remains, is there perhaps some truth in what astrologers say? Some years ago two French psychologists found evidence for a marked relationship between peoples personality and the position of certain planets at the moment of their birth. Personality questionnaires were sent out to more than 2000 men and women without prior selection; when they were returned, the birth dates were noted and the results were put through a computer. Many astrological predictions about the relationship between personality and birth dates did, in fact, begin to emerge very clearly. Hence three main groups were selected for special study, namely sportsmen, actors and scientists. Astrological expectations had suggested a connection between the competitive, assertive personality of the sportsman and the war-like planet Mars. Similarly the scientist, reserved and serious, had been connected with the grave planet Saturn, and the social, expansive nature of the actor was linked with the jovial planet Jupiter. Much to the surprise of everyone, the remarkable conclusion of the research showed that people of a certain group actually were born under a particular planet: sportsmen under Mars, scientists under Saturn and actors under Jupiter. By under is meant that they were born just after the rise of the planet or just before it set. To calculate these coincidences the place of birth of the people concerned had to be known, as well as the precise time of day when they were born. One further fact emerged very clearly from this research and that was that people who were born under the water signs of Cancer, Pisces and Scorpio showed a marked tendency to be very emotional - thus confirming another claim made by astrologers. According to the text, to calculate which planet a person was born under, the astrologer needed to know: