Questões - FUVEST 2016 | Gabarito e resoluções

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Examine o grfico. O grfico fornece elementos para afirmar:

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Na Belle poque brasileira, que difusamente coincidiu com a transio para o regime republicano, surgiram aquelas perguntas cruciais, envoltas no oxignio mental da poca, muitas das quais, contudo, nos incomodam at hoje: como construir uma nao se no tnhamos uma populao definida ou um tipo definido? Frente quele amlgama de passado efuturo, alimentado e realimentado pela Repblica, quem era o brasileiro? (...) Inmeras tentativas de respostas a todas estas questes mobilizaram os intelectuais brasileiros durante vrias dcadas. Elias Thom Saliba. Razes do riso. So Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002. Entre as tentativas de responder, durante a Belle poque brasileira, s dvidas mencionadas no texto, correto incluir

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Paralelamente abertura da Transamaznica processa-se o trabalho da colonizao, realizado pelo INCRA (Instituto Nacional de Colonizao e Reforma Agrria). As pequenas agrovilas se sucedem de vinte em vinte quilmetros margem da estrada, e nos cem hectares que cada colono recebeu so plantados milho, feijo e arroz. J no prximo ms comear a plantao de cana-de-acar, cujas primeiras mudas, vindas dos canaviais de Sertozinho, em So Paulo, acabaram de ser distribudas. Jovens agrnomos, recm-sados da universidade, orientam os colonos... No meio da selva comeam a surgir as agrovilas. Vindos de diferentes regies do pas, os colonos povoam as margens da Transamaznica e espalham pelo cho virgem o verde disciplinado das culturas pioneiras. Os pastos da regio so excelentes. Revista Manchete, 15 de abril de 1972. Segundo o texto, correto afirmar que a Transamaznica, cuja construo se iniciou no regime militar (1964-1985), representou, inclusive,

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) About half of the worlds population is at risk of contracting dengue, according to the World Health Organization. The mosquito is found in tropical and subtropical climates around the world; however, dengue does not naturally occur in these creatures: the mosquitoes get dengue from us. The mechanism of dengue infection is simple. Female mosquitoes bite humans because they need the protein found in our blood to produce eggs. (Male mosquitoes do not bite.) If the mosquito bites someone with dengue and then, after the viruss roughly eight to 12day replication period, bites someone else it passes dengue into its next victims bloodstream. There is no vaccine against dengue, but infecting mosquitoes with a natural bacterium called Wolbachia blocks the insects ability to pass the disease to humans. The microbe spreads among both male and female mosquitoes: infected females lay eggs that harbor the bacterium, and when Wolbachiafree females mate with infected males, their eggs simply do not hatch. Researchers are now releasing Wolbachiainfected females into the wild in Australia, Vietnam, Indonesia and Brazil. Scientific American, June 2015. Adaptado De acordo com o texto, a infeco por dengue

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) About half of the worlds population is at risk of contracting dengue, according to the World Health Organization. The mosquito is found in tropical and subtropical climates around the world; however, dengue does not naturally occur in these creatures: the mosquitoes get dengue from us. The mechanism of dengue infection is simple. Female mosquitoes bite humans because they need the protein found in our blood to produce eggs. (Male mosquitoes do not bite.) If the mosquito bites someone with dengue and then, after the viruss roughly eight to 12day replication period, bites someone else it passes dengue into its next victims bloodstream. There is no vaccine against dengue, but infecting mosquitoes with a natural bacterium called Wolbachia blocks the insects ability to pass the disease to humans. The microbe spreads among both male and female mosquitoes: infected females lay eggs that harbor the bacterium, and when Wolbachiafree females mate with infected males, their eggs simply do not hatch. Researchers are now releasing Wolbachiainfected females into the wild in Australia, Vietnam, Indonesia and Brazil. Scientific American, June 2015. Adaptado Segundo o texto, a bactria Wolbachia, se inoculada nos mosquitos, bloqueia a transmisso da dengue porque

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Working for ondemand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal auto insurance. Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for ondemand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday. We want to shed light on the industry as a whole, said Isaac Madan, a Stanford masters candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. People need to understand how this space will change and evolve and help the economy. On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees. That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days all perks of fulltime workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and humanrelations support. Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility of new jobs comes with a cost. Not all workers are prepared for that! SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, empresas do tipo on-demand

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Working for ondemand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal auto insurance. Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for ondemand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday. We want to shed light on the industry as a whole, said Isaac Madan, a Stanford masters candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. People need to understand how this space will change and evolve and help the economy. On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees. That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days all perks of fulltime workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and humanrelations support. Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility of new jobs comes with a cost. Not all workers are prepared for that! SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado. Um dos resultados da pesquisa realizada com prestadores de servios de empresas do tipo on-demand mostra que esses trabalhadores

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Working for ondemand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal auto insurance. Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for ondemand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday. We want to shed light on the industry as a whole, said Isaac Madan, a Stanford masters candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. People need to understand how this space will change and evolve and help the economy. On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees. That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days all perks of fulltime workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and humanrelations support. Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility of new jobs comes with a cost. Not all workers are prepared for that! SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado. Outro resultado da mesma pesquisa indica que

(FUVEST 2016 - 1 FASE) Um objeto homogneo colocado em um recipiente com gua tem 32% de seu volume submerso; j em um recipiente com leo, tem 40% de seu volume submerso. A densidade desse leo, em g/cm3, ------------------------

(FUVEST - 2016 - 2 FASE) O Canal do Panam liga os oceanos Atlntico e Pacfico. Sua travessia feita por navios de carga genericamente chamados de Panamax, cujas dimenses devem seguir determinados parmetros, para no causar danos ao Canal ou prpria embarcao. Considere um Panamax em forma de um paraleleppedo retoretngulo, com 200 m de comprimento e 30 m de largura. Quando esse navio, carregado, ainda est no mar do Caribe, no Oceano Atlntico, seu calado, que a distncia entre a superfcie da gua e o fundo do casco, de 10 m. O calado varia conforme a densidade da gua na qual o navio est navegando, e essa densidade, por sua vez, depende da concentrao de cloreto de sdio na gua. O grfico acima apresenta a variao da densidade da gua do mar, a 25 o C, em funo da concentrao de NaCl, em mol/L. a) Calcule a massa de gua deslocada por esse navio, quando ainda est no mar do Caribe, sabendo que a concentrao de cloreto de sdio nesse mar 35 g/L. A concentrao salina no interior do Canal menor do que no mar do Caribe, pois o Canal alimentado por um grande lago de gua doce. b) Considerando que a densidade da gua no interior do Canal 1,0 g/mL e que o calado mximo permitido no interior do Canal de 12 m, o Panamax citado poder cruzar o Canal em segurana? Explique, mostrando os clculos.

(FUVEST 2016 - 2fase) O estrato entre a crosta e a atmosfera, onde ocorre vida no planeta Terra, caracteriza-se por apresentar trocas de matria e energia, o que influi na distribuio de biomassa e biodiversidade no planeta. Os fenmenos de radiao solar (R) e de precipitao (P) esto diretamente correlacionados com a distribuio da biomassa e da biodiversidade e variam, em grande medida, latitudinalmente. De modo geral, quanto mais quente e mais mida for uma regio, maiores sero a biomassa e a biodiversidade das espcies; por outro lado, quanto mais fria e mais seca for a regio, menores sero tanto a biomassa quanto a biodiversidade das espcies. a) Com base nas informaes fornecidas e em seus conhecimentos, represente no grfico da pgina de resposta a localizao do extremo com maior biomassa e biodiversidade e os dois extremos com menor biomassa e biodiversidade. Para a representao, utilize a legenda indicada b) Indique outro fator, alm da radiao solar e da precipitao, que pode afetar a distribuio de biomassa e de biodiversidade no planeta. Explique, apontando dois exemplos.

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Alimentos de origem vegetal e animal fornecem nutrientes utilizados pelo nosso organismo para a obteno de energia e para a sntese de molculas. Aps determinada refeio, completadas a digesto e a absoro, o nutriente majoritariamente absorvido foi a glicose. Considerando as alternativas abaixo, correto afirmar que essa refeio estava constituda de

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) A pele humana atua na manuteno da temperatura corporal. Analise as afirmaes abaixo: I. Em dias frios, vasos sanguneos na pele se contraem, o que diminui a perda de calor, mantendo o corpo aquecido. II. Em dias quentes, vasos sanguneos na pele se dilatam, o que diminui a irradiao de calor para o meio, esfriando o corpo. III. Em dias quentes, o suor produzido pelas glndulas sudorparas, ao evaporar, absorve calor da superfcie do corpo, resfriando-o. Est correto apenas o que se afirma em

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Considere o processo de diviso meitica em um homem heterozigtico quanto a uma caracterstica de herana autossmica recessiva (Hh). O nmero de cpias do alelo h nas clulas que esto no incio da intrfase (A), nas clulas que esto em metfase I (B) e naquelas que resultam da segunda diviso meitica (C)

(FUVEST - 2016 - 2 fase) A figura abaixo ilustra as principais etapas do tratamento de gua destinada ao consumo humano. a) Na etapa de floculao, ocorre a formao de flculos de hidrxido de alumnio, nos quais se aglutinam partculas de sujeira, que depois decantam. Esse processo ocorre pela adio de sulfato de alumnio ()e cal virgem (CaO) gua impura. Se apenas sulfato de alumnio fosse adicionado gua, ocorreria a transformao representada pela equao qumica: Explique o que ocorre com o pH da gua aps a adio de cal virgem. b) A gua no tratada est contaminada, entre outras substncias, por hidrocarbonetos policclicos aromticos (HPA). Esses hidrocarbonetos apresentam carter lipoflico. Considerando a estrutura da membrana celular plasmtica, o carter lipoflico dos HPA facilita ou dificulta a entrada dos hidrocarbonetos nas clulas dos indivduos que ingerem a gua contaminada? Explique