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(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 CE March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon, the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times, would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatias life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life. She was murdered in 415 CE by a Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general. In a city which was becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping Orestes from accepting the true faith. She was also seen as a stumbling block to those who would have accepted the truth of Christianity were it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture and learning by religious intolerance, and 1Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world. 2By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __________. Theon refused to impose upon his daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, Greek women of all classes were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young children, nursed the sick, and prepared food. Hypatia, on the other hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandrias university; a position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin writes: The breadth of her interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time, difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good writing style. 3Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage. CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini. MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/. Acesso em: 20/06/2017. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 CE March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon, the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times, would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatias life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life. She was murdered in 415 CE by a Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general. In a city which was becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping Orestes from accepting the true faith. She was also seen as a stumbling block to those who would have accepted the truth of Christianity were it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture and learning by religious intolerance, and 1Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world. 2By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __________. Theon refused to impose upon his daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, Greek women of all classes were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young children, nursed the sick, and prepared food. Hypatia, on the other hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandrias university; a position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin writes: The breadth of her interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time, difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good writing style. 3Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage. CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini. MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/. Acesso em: 20/06/2017. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 CE March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon, the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times, would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatias life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life. She was murdered in 415 CE by a Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general. In a city which was becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping Orestes from accepting the true faith. She was also seen as a stumbling block to those who would have accepted the truth of Christianity were it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture and learning by religious intolerance, and 1Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world. 2By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __________. Theon refused to impose upon his daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, Greek women of all classes were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young children, nursed the sick, and prepared food. Hypatia, on the other hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandrias university; a position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin writes: The breadth of her interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time, difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good writing style. 3Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage. CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini. MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/. Acesso em: 20/06/2017. Choose a synonym for the expression toto the extent that in the sentence () Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world. in reference 1

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 CE March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon, the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times, would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatias life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life. She was murdered in 415 CE by a Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general. In a city which was becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping Orestes from accepting the true faith. She was also seen as a stumbling block to those who would have accepted the truth of Christianity were it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture and learning by religious intolerance, and 1Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world. 2By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __________. Theon refused to impose upon his daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, Greek women of all classes were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young children, nursed the sick, and prepared food. Hypatia, on the other hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandrias university; a position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin writes: The breadth of her interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time, difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good writing style. 3Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage. CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini. MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/. Acesso em: 20/06/2017. Choose the appropriate continuation for the sentence By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __________ in reference 2.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 CE March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon, the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times, would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatias life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life. She was murdered in 415 CE by a Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general. In a city which was becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping Orestes from accepting the true faith. She was also seen as a stumbling block to those who would have accepted the truth of Christianity were it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture and learning by religious intolerance, and 1Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world. 2By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __________. Theon refused to impose upon his daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, Greek women of all classes were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young children, nursed the sick, and prepared food. Hypatia, on the other hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandrias university; a position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin writes: The breadth of her interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time, difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good writing style. 3Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage. CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini. MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/. Acesso em: 20/06/2017. Choose the correct meaning of outgrowth in the sentence Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching () in reference 3.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) COULD THIS CATERPILLAR HELP SOLVE THE WORLDS PLASTIC BAG PROBLEM? A developmental biologist and amateur beekeeper has come up with a new way to get rid of used plastic bags: Make waxworms eat them. The larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella), these caterpillars thrive on beeswax. While cleaning out empty hive boxes that were infested with these caterpillars, Federica Bertocchini of the Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria in Spain put them in a plastic grocery bag. To her surprise the waxworms quickly ate their way out, leaving the bag riddled with holes. It turns out the caterpillars can break down the bags polyethylene into ethylene glycol, which can be readily converted into useful substances such as antifreeze, the team reports today in Current Biology. Polyethylene is very hard to break down making the 80 million tons produced a year a big recycling challenge. Only recently have researchers begun to make progress doing so, and this caterpillar may be another solution. PENNISI, Elizabeth. Adapted from: Science. Could this caterpillar help solve the worlds plastic bag problem? In: Science, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/04/could-caterpillar-help-solve-world-s-plastic-bagproblem.. Acesso em: 26/06/2017. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) COULD THIS CATERPILLAR HELP SOLVE THE WORLDS PLASTIC BAG PROBLEM? A developmental biologist and amateur beekeeper has come up with a new way to get rid of used plastic bags: Make waxworms eat them. The larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella), these caterpillars thrive on beeswax. While cleaning out empty hive boxes that were infested with these caterpillars, Federica Bertocchini of the Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria in Spain put them in a plastic grocery bag. To her surprise the waxworms quickly ate their way out, leaving the bag riddled with holes. It turns out the caterpillars can break down the bags polyethylene into ethylene glycol, which can be readily converted into useful substances such as antifreeze, the team reports today in Current Biology. Polyethylene is very hard to break down making the 80 million tons produced a year a big recycling challenge. Only recently have researchers begun to make progress doing so, and this caterpillar may be another solution. PENNISI, Elizabeth. Adapted from: Science. Could this caterpillar help solve the worlds plastic bag problem? In: Science, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/04/could-caterpillar-help-solve-world-s-plastic-bagproblem.. Acesso em: 26/06/2017. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) COULD THIS CATERPILLAR HELP SOLVE THE WORLDS PLASTIC BAG PROBLEM? A developmental biologist and amateur beekeeper has come up with a new way to get rid of used plastic bags: Make waxworms eat them. The larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella), these caterpillars thrive on beeswax. While cleaning out empty hive boxes that were infested with these caterpillars, Federica Bertocchini of the Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria in Spain put them in a plastic grocery bag. To her surprise the waxworms quickly ate their way out, leaving the bag riddled with holes. It turns out the caterpillars can break down the bags polyethylene into ethylene glycol, which can be readily converted into useful substances such as antifreeze, the team reports today in Current Biology. Polyethylene is very hard to break down making the 80 million tons produced a year a big recycling challenge. Only recently have researchers begun to make progress doing so, and this caterpillar may be another solution. PENNISI, Elizabeth. Adapted from: Science. Could this caterpillar help solve the worlds plastic bag problem? In: Science, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/04/could-caterpillar-help-solve-world-s-plastic-bagproblem.. Acesso em: 26/06/2017. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) Escreva um pargrafo EM INGLS coerente, coeso e original de 30 a 50 palavras, expressando sua opinio sobre o tema abaixo. In a world that looks at you by image, not for who you are, titles are a problem. H.R.H. Princess Dr. Nisreen El-Hashemite (Executive Director of the Royal Academy of Science International Trust RASIT)

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) Escreva, EM INGLS, uma continuao coerente, coesa e original de 30 a 50 palavras para a citao abaixo. A ship in port is safe, but this is not what ships are built for. Grace Hopper (Computer Scientist and US Navy Officer. She developed one of the first modern programming languages.)

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 16).

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste.In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 17).

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste.In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 18).

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste.In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 19)

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste.In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 20).