Questões de Inglês - MACKENZIE | Gabarito e resoluções

(Mackenzie - 2005) TEXT 1 Harvard Business Online The Elephant and the Flea: Reflections of a Reluctant Capitalist Description: The Elephant and the Flea is both a poignant personal memoir and a deep reflection on the past and future of world capitalism, with all its possibilities and pitfalls. In a tone that is at once learned, genial, witty, and wise, Handy takes us on his lifes journey, looking back to his childhood and education and how they prepared (or, rather, did not prepare) him for a career in business, the changing nature of organizational life within the context of the old economy and the new, the great variety of capitalism around the world, and through it all, his struggle to find meaning and fulfillment in work. Handy uses the quirky, powerful metaphor of the elephant and the flea to describe vividly and critique the great shift from the prevalence of behemoth, slow-moving, bureaucratic organizations that provided a lifetime of security and not much freedom or room for creativity, to a world in which we are much more independent and flea-like, flitting from job to job, latching onto elephants when we need to, but mostly flying solo and without a net. Subjects Covered: Business government, Business history, Career changes, Careers career planning, Entrepreneurship, General management, Global business, International business. http://harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu TEXT 2 THE ELEPHANT AND THE FLEA: reflections of a reluctant capitalist Charles Handy London: Random House, Ltd. BOARD OPTIONS/AMAZON PRICE: $11.20 Charles Handy has been an oil company executive, a university lecturer, and a much sought after convention speaker. A 48 year old advertising executive was complaining to Handy that there were no longer any jobs in the ageist advertising world for people like him. While he was talking, the electrician repairing the wiring in Handys home put his head round the door to say he would be back in a week. Im sorry, he said, but Ive got too many jobs on at the moment. That was the future, Handy told this his account executive; lots of clients for the independent worker, but fewer and fewer jobs for full-time executives of large organizations. The employee-oriented society of the twentieth century had delivered so much that was good. It had replaced the world of the individual farmer/craftsman/ merchant. The new flea-oriented world that Charles Handy sees is fraught with insecurity, uncertainty, and fear. We dont want that sort of world people say. Handy is sympathetic. I, too, didnt much like the worst of world that I saw emerging, but wishing it away was not going to help. In 1996, 67% of British businesses have only one employee, the owner. In 1994, employees with less than five people represented 89% of all British businesses. This is a book about how to survive as a flea and in world of few elephants and many fleas. It is written in typical Charles Handy humor and insight. It is also his most personal book to date. ELEPHANT AND THE FLEA is easy to read and too important to ignore. http://www.boardoptions.com The sentence We dont want that sort of world (Text 2) in the reported speech will be:

(Mackenzie - 2005) The New York Times Schools Relax Cellphone Bans, Nodding to Trend By MATT RICHTEL Lunch time means cellphone time for Gray Taylor, 15, and fellow students at Eastern High in Lansing, Mich. Carol T. Powers, NYT LANSING, Mich. Sitting in his second-period computer class at Eastern High School, Gray Taylor, 15, felt his cellphone vibrate. To avoid being caught by the teacher, he answered quietly and discovered an unexpected caller. Why are you answering the phone in class? Grays mother asked. He whispered back, Youre the one who called me. His mother said she had intended to leave a question on Grays voice mail. Such scenes are playing out across the country, as hundreds of high schools have reluctantly agreed to relax their rules about cellphones in schools. Rather than banning the phones outright, as many once did, they are capitulating to parent demands and market realities, and allowing students to carry phones in school though not to use them in class. The reversal is a significant change from policies of the 1990s, when school administrators around the country viewed cellphones as the tools of drug dealers. In Florida, carrying a cellphone in school could be punishable by a 10-day suspension. In Louisiana, it was deemed a crime, with a potential penalty of 30 days in jail. But now the phones have become tools used by parents to keep in touch with, and keep track of, their children. And schools are facing a more basic reality: it is no longer possible to enforce such bans. Thanks to the falling prices of mobile phones, and the aggressive efforts by carriers to market family plans to parents and teenagers, the phones have become so commonplace that trying to keep them out of schools would be like trying to enforce a ban on lip gloss or combs. Adapted from The New York Times, September 2004, www.nytimes.com The question Why are you answering the phone in class? in the reported speech will be:

(Mackenzie 2005) YES, BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING George Orwell, in case you didn't know it, was a genius. His legendary novel, 1984, written at the end of the 1940s, offered a chillingly prophetic vision of a future in which "Big Brother" watched your every move. The surveillance was conducted through television sets, which were omnipresent. When the real 1984 came around 35 years later, it was observed that "In Orwell's novel, television watched everybody: in reality today everybody watches television". But this witty observation was made about a decade before the advent of the Internet. If Orwell's book were to be rewritten, with citizens being monitored by their web activity, rather than by television, then you would have a nightmare vision of a world that is already coming into existence. Interview by Michele Molinari Adapted from http://www.speakup.com.br The sentence "If Orwell's book were to be rewritten, you would have a nightmare vision of the world" in the THIRD CONDITIONAL will be:

(Mackenzie - 2005) SNORING - Half of men over 50 do it, but the real danger comes from apnea Marcel Ascue used to snore so loudly that his 5- year-old son Nathan made a joke of ZZZing whenever he came near. Tired of being a punch line (and just plain tired), Ascue, 44, finally went to the doctor and found he had sleep apnea. Last month he started sleeping with a mask, hooked to an air pressurizer, that covers his nose and forces a steady stream of air down his throat. The jokes havent stopped yet - now his wife quips that shes sleeping with Darth Vader - but at least the snoring has. Ascues story might amuse people who dont snore or have bed partners who do. But thats not many people. By 50, half of men and a quarter of women snore; 10 to 20 percent of Americans seek treatment for snoring each year. The numbers are expected to jump as baby boomers age, since snoring is a side effect of growing old, gaining weight and losing muscle tone. During the day the brain keeps the throat muscles taut and the airway open. When sleep descends, the muscles relax and vibrate as air rushes by. Mary Carmichael, NEWSWEEK (adapted) The same verb tense used in The jokes havent stopped yet is appropriately used in:

(MACKENZIE - 2005) BEHIND THE SCENES AT THE BIG AWARDS SHOWS If you (I) a friend or relative for his or her favorite awards-show moment, you (II) about the kiss between Madonna and Britney Spears at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. Or the time, in 1973, when Marlon Brando sent Indian Princess Sacheen Littlefeather to accept the Best Actor Oscar on his behalf. But what if you were to ask Hollywood starlets or rock stars for their favorite award-show moment? It would probably include champagne and cigars at a party you couldnt even imagine attending. Awards shows fill our TV screens nearly all year round. They include the television Emmys, the Golden Globes, and the Grammys. The biggest of all is the Oscars, scheduled for February 27 this year. They were seen by 43.5 million people worldwide in 2004. Thats quite a difference from 1928, the first year the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented its annual Oscar awards. Back then, there was no TV. And the ceremony itself had little drama. Winners were announced three months before they received the now famous gold statuettes. Today most awards shows have a format that viewers are familiar with: The previous years winners present awards. Stars and important executives, producers, and directors introduce nominees. Everyone jokes about staying on schedule. The hosts are usually comedians who are not too controversial. But MTVs Video Music Awards are different. As they celebrate the years best music videos, the producers try to create surprises, such as Michael Jacksons appearance with Lisa Marie Presley in 1994, during a time when he had been hiding from the public. They also put together interesting and unlikely musical collaborations. Last year, for example, an Alicia Keys medley was backed by Stevie Wonder and Lenny Kravitz, and Nelly played piano while Christina Aguilera danced above him. A 1993 jam session with Neil Young and Pearl Jam led to the two recording an album together. After her performance with Wonder and Kravitz, Keys said, It was incredible. I know this is something that I will never forget for my entire career. Backstage at awards shows, a variety of workers - from carpenters to costume fitters - are busy making sure that the event runs smoothly. At the June 2004 MTV Movie Awards, host Lindsay Lohan kept running from the stage to her dressing room to change her clothes. She did it six times. But there was room for fun too. Jake Gyllenhaal and Kirsten Dunst hugged and kissed in the hallway. Paris Hilton asked people, Do I look cute? Eminem and his D12 crew joked with Sharon Stone, Halle Berry, and Jessica Biel. Halle, we love your music, one of the D12 crew said. Berry does not record music. Adapted from English2go The alternative that contains the right words to fill in blanks I and II is:

(Mackenzie - 2004) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: TELSTRA TOWER Telstra Tower was officially opened on May 15, 1980 by the then Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser. Built on the summit of Black Mountain Canberra, Australia, it soon became known to the locals as Black Mountain Tower. Black Mountain is a sensitive and stunning part of the Canberra environment, a national park of significant interest in the ecological world with its unique collection of flora and fauna. The Tower was clearly going to be a landmark which some people felt would dominate other aesthetic Canberra structures. As time progressed a feeling of outrage and vigorous protest against the project was evident among some people. Protests against the Tower on aesthetic and ecological grounds were strongly voiced during the earlier stages of the approval procedures, and at the various hearings which included a lengthy Supreme Court case. The Tower saga started in April 1970 when Telecom asked the Department of Housing and Construction to carry out a feasibility study in relation to a tower on Black Mountain, accommodating both communication services and facilities for visitors. The planning of the Tower was carried out by the Department of Housing and Construction while the actual building itself, was the responsibility of Concrete Constructions. The impressive stainless steel work, was by William H. Wilson of Sydney. The National Capital Development Commission (NCDC) held a unique responsibility for the development of Canberra. Every new structure required their specific approval. The planning skill of the NCDC was reflected in the beauty of the City. Their longstanding authority over the City development had never been seriously challenged. Thus the public clash which ultimately developed between Telecom and the NCDC over the Tower design, was an unfortunate affair for both parties. (From: Telstra Tower - Designed and produced by Ideas Directions, Canberra, Australia, 2003) According to the text, check the WRONG alternative:

(Mackenzie - 2004) Queanbeyan, Australia, is a prospering river city on the move. For more than 175 years people have been moving to Queanbeyan and district, part of Capital Country, in search of land, business opportunities and a better life style. Today, visitors, business people and families are still moving to Queanbeyan. The city with a population of 35,000 recently declared the fastest growing inland city in New South Wales and next to the national capital, Canberra, offers the best of all worlds - a city with town atmosphere, great community spirit and hospitality. Queanbeyan enjoys strong tourist support being so close to Canberra, the Snowy Mountains, South Coast and historic towns of Bungendore, Captains Flat and Braidwood. Queanbeyan has eighteen motels, three hotels, (two with genuine pub stay accommodation), two caravan parks, town and country homestay facilities, parks, a beautiful river and some buildings of historical interest. There are around one thousand businesses servicing the growing city, the nearby rural district and neighbouring Australian Capital Territory. The opportunities for investment and development are excellent. The City Council actively promotes establishment of new business with freehold land, affordable housing and a stable workforce. (From: Queanbeyan - Designed and produced by Johns Graphics Pty Ltd in conjunction with the Queanbeyan Visitor Information Centre, Australia, 2003) The alternative that contains only adjectives from the text is:

(Mackenzie - 2003) Right Hand, Left Hand The Origins of Asymmetry in Brains, Bodies, Atoms and Cultures CHRIS MCMANUS A labor of love and enthusiasm as well as deep scientific knowledge, Right Hand, Left Hand takes the reader on a trip through history, around the world, and into the cosmos, to explore the place of handedness in nature and culture. Chris McManus considers evidence from anthropology, particle physics, the history of medicine, and the notebooks of Leonardo to answer questions like: Why are most people right-handed? Are left-handed people cognitively different from right-handers? Why is the heart almost always on the left side of the body? Why does European writing go from left to right, while Arabic and Hebrew go from right to left? Why do tornadoes spin counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere? And how do we know that Jack the Ripper was left-handed? McManus reminds readers that distinctions between right and left have been profoundly meaningful - imbued with moral and religious meaning - in societies throughout history, and suggests that our preoccupation with laterality may originate in our asymmetric bodies, which emerged from 550 million years of asymmetric vertebrate evolution, and may even be linked to the asymmetric structure of matter. With speculations embedded in science, Right Hand, Left Hand offers entertainment and new insight to scientists and general readers alike. Chris McManus is Professor of Psychology and Medical Education at University College London. and co-editor of the Cambridge Handbook of Psychology - Health, and Medicine and the journal Laterality. (From: www .hup. harvard .edu/ catalog I MCMRIG. html) The question Are left-handed people cognitively different from right-handers? in the indirect speech is:

(MACKENZIE - 2002) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence. If she had gone to the movies, ___________.

(MACKENZIE - 2002) RELIGION AND THE BRAIN In the new field of Neurotheology, scientists seek the biological basis of spirituality, is God our heads? BY SHARON BEGLEY One Sunday morning in March, 19 years ago, as Dr. James Austin waited for a train in London, he ___(I)____away from the tracks toward the river Thames. The American neurologist - ___(II)____was spending a sabbatical year in England -saw nothing out of the ordinary: the grimy Underground station, a few dingy buildings, some pale gray sky. He ___(III)____, a bit absent-mindedly, about the Zen Buddhist retreat he was headed toward. And then, Austin suddenly felt a sense of enlightenment unlike anything he had ever experienced. His sense of individual existence, of separateness from the physical world around him, evaporated like morning mist in a bright dawn.Time was not present, he says. I had a sense of eternity. My old yearnings, loathings, fear of death and insinuations of selfhood vanished. Rather than interpret his instant of grace as proof of a reality beyond the comprehension of our senses,Austin took it as proof of the existence of the brain.As a neurologist, he accepts that all we see, hear, feel and think is mediated or created by the brain. Austins moment in the Underground therefore inspired him to explore the neurological underpinnings of spiritual and mystical experience. In order to feel that time, fear and self-consciousness ___(IV)____, he reasoned, certain brain circuits must be interrupted. Which ones? Activity in the amygdala, ___(V)____monitors the environment for threats and registers fear, must be damped. Parietal-lobe circuits, which orient you in space and mark the sharp distinction between self and world, must go quiet. Frontal and temporal-lobe circuits, ___(VI)____mark time and generate self-awareness, must disengage. More and more scientists ___(VII)____ to neurotheology, the study of the neurobiology of religion and spirituality.What all the new research shares is a passion for uncovering the neurological underpinnings of spiritual and mystical experiences--for discovering, in short, what happens in our brains ___(VIII)____ we sense that we ___(IX)____a reality different from--and, in some crucial sense, higher than - the reality of every - day experience, as psychologist David Wulff of Wheaton College in Massachusetts puts it. In neurotheology, psychologists and neurologists try to pinpoint which regions turn on, and which turn off, during experiences that seem to ex- ist outside time and space.Spiritual experiences are so consistent across cultures, across time and across faiths, says Wulff, that it suggestsa common core that is likely a reflection of structures and processes in the human brain. In Why God Wont Go Away, published in April, Dr. Andrew Newberg of the University of Pennsylvania and his late collaborator, Eugene dAquili, use brain-imaging technology to identify what seems to be the brains spirituality circuit. (Adapted fromNewsweek) As lacunas I, III e VII devem ser preenchidas respectiva e corretamente por:

(Mackenzie - 2002) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence. Julia isnt going to London. __________ you going ________?

(Mackenzie - 2002) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentences. A - _______ to the movies alone? B - Yes, but I wish you _______ with me.

(MACKENZIE - 2001) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence. The road was in bad condition; __________.

(Mackenzie - 2001) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence. The more I read this book, ________.

(Mackenzie - 2001) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence. ________ it rained hard, the plane took ________.