Questões de Inglês - UNESP 2013 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 2013/2 - 1a fase) Brazil wants to count trees in the Amazon rainforest By Channtal Fleischfresser February 11, 2013 Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon, about half of what remains of the worlds tropical rainforests. And now, the country has plans to count its trees. A vast undertaking, the new National Forest Inventory hopes to gain a broad panorama of the quality and the conditions in the forest cover, according to Brazils Forestry Minister Antonio Carlos Hummel. The census, set to take place over the next four years, will scour 3,288,000 square miles, sampling 20,000 points at 20 kilometer intervals and registering the number, height, diameter, and species of the trees, among other data. The initiative, aimed to better allocate resources to the countrys forests, is part of a large-scale turnaround in Brazils relationship to its forests. While it once had one of the worst rates of deforestation in the world, last year only 1,797 square miles of the Amazon were destroyed a reduction of nearly 80% compared to 2004. (www.smartplanet.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do primeiro pargrafo Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon , a palavra roughly equivale, em portugus, a:

(UNESP - 2013 - 1a fase) Analyze an advertisement Peter Sells Sierra Gonzalez Not all advertisements make perfect sense. Not all of them promote or imply acceptance of social values that everyone would agree are what we should hope for, in an enlightened and civilized society. Some advertisements appear to degrade our images of ourselves, our language, and appear to move the emphasis of interaction in our society to (even more) consumerism. There may even be a dark, seamy, or seedy side to advertising. This is hardly surprising, as our society is indeed a consumer society, and it is highly capitalistic in the simplest sense. There is no doubt that advertising promotes a consumer culture, and helps create and perpetuate the ideology that creates the apparent need for the products it markets. For our purposes here, none of this matters. Our task is to analyze advertisements, and to see if we can understand how they do what they do. We will leave the task of how we interpret our findings in the larger social, moral and cultural contexts for another occasion. It is often said that advertising is irrational, and, again, that may well be true. But this is where the crossover between information and persuasion becomes important; an advertisement does not have to be factually informative (but it cannot be factually misleading). In a discussion of what kind of benefit an advertisement might offer to a consumer, Jim Aitchison (1999) provides the following quote from Gary Goldsmith of Lowe Partners, New York. It sums up perfectly what it is that one should look for in an advertisement. The question posed is Is advertising more powerful if it offers a rational benefit? Here is Goldsmiths answer: I dont think you need to offer a rational benefit. I think you need to offer a benefit that a rational person can understand. (www.stanford.edu. Adaptado.) O pronome it, utilizado na ltima linha do primeiro pargrafo, na frase for the products it markets, refere-se

(UNESP - 2013/2 - 1a fase) Instruo: Leia o texto para responder s questes de nmeros 25 a 30. Brazil wants to count trees in the Amazon rainforest By Channtal Fleischfresser February 11, 2013 Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon, about half of what remains of the worlds tropical rainforests. And now, the country has plans to count its trees. A vast undertaking, the new National Forest Inventory hopes to gain a broad panorama of the quality and the conditions in the forest cover, according to Brazils Forestry Minister Antonio Carlos Hummel. The census, set to take place over the next four years, will scour 3,288,000 square miles, sampling 20,000 points at 20 kilometer intervals and registering the number, height, diameter, and species of the trees, among other data. The initiative, aimed to better allocate resources to the countrys forests, is part of a large-scale turnaround in Brazils relationship to its forests. While it once had one of the worst rates of deforestation in the world, last year only 1,797 square miles of the Amazon were destroyed a reduction of nearly 80% compared to 2004. (www.smartplanet.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do ltimo pargrafo aimed to better allocate resources to the countrys forests , aimed to indica

(UNESP - 2013 - 1a fase) Analyze an advertisement Peter Sells Sierra Gonzalez Not all advertisements make perfect sense. Not all of them promote or imply acceptance of social values that everyone would agree are what we should hope for, in an enlightened and civilized society. Some advertisements appear to degrade our images of ourselves, our language, and appear to move the emphasis of interaction in our society to (even more) consumerism. There may even be a dark, seamy, or seedy side to advertising. This is hardly surprising, as our society is indeed a consumer society, and it is highly capitalistic in the simplest sense. There is no doubt that advertising promotes a consumer culture, and helps create and perpetuate the ideology that creates the apparent need for the products it markets. For our purposes here, none of this matters. Our task is to analyze advertisements, and to see if we can understand how they do what they do. We will leave the task of how we interpret our findings in the larger social, moral and cultural contexts for another occasion. It is often said that advertising is irrational, and, again, that may well be true. But this is where the crossover between information and persuasion becomes important; an advertisement does not have to be factually informative (but it cannot be factually misleading). In a discussion of what kind of benefit an advertisement might offer to a consumer, Jim Aitchison (1999) provides the following quote from Gary Goldsmith of Lowe Partners, New York. It sums up perfectly what it is that one should look for in an advertisement. The question posed is Is advertising more powerful if it offers a rational benefit? Here is Goldsmiths answer: I dont think you need to offer a rational benefit. I think you need to offer a benefit that a rational person can understand. (www.stanford.edu. Adaptado.) A expresso none of this matters, no segundo pargrafo, refere-se

(UNESP - 2013/2 - 1a fase) Instruo: Leia o texto para responder s questes de nmeros 25 a 30. Brazil wants to count trees in the Amazon rainforest By Channtal Fleischfresser February 11, 2013 Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon, about half of what remains of the worlds tropical rainforests. And now, the country has plans to count its trees. A vast undertaking, the new National Forest Inventory hopes to gain a broad panorama of the quality and the conditions in the forest cover, according to Brazils Forestry Minister Antonio Carlos Hummel. The census, set to take place over the next four years, will scour 3,288,000 square miles, sampling 20,000 points at 20 kilometer intervals and registering the number, height, diameter, and species of the trees, among other data. The initiative, aimed to better allocate resources to the countrys forests, is part of a large-scale turnaround in Brazils relationship to its forests. While it once had one of the worst rates of deforestation in the world, last year only 1,797 square miles of the Amazon were destroyed a reduction of nearly 80% compared to 2004. (www.smartplanet.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do ltimo pargrafo While it once had one of the worst rates of deforestation in the world, last year only 1,797 square miles of the Amazon were destroyed , a palavra once apresenta uma ideia de

(UNESP - 2013 - 2a fase - Questo 33) On Solidarity: Who is helped when someone is helped? There comes a time When we heed a certain call When the world must come together as one There are people dying And its time to lend a hand to life Poverty, starvation, diseases, among other social problems, still make many people suffer in different parts of the world, despite the advances in agricultural developments, in medicine and in technology. And, as pointed out in the verses above, from the song We are the world (www.lyrics007.com), there comes a time when we heed a certain call / when the world must come together as one. It seems, however, that such time is and will always be the present time, since there has always been people dying, people suffering physical and psychological oppression. Conversely, aid is always and continuously necessary. Fortunately, a number of charities and non-governmental organizations have put forward campaigns to help the populations in poor areas of our planet, to lend a hand to life. This is a way through which food, money and medical help can be provided and thus counterbalance the suffering faced by the ill, the homeless, the poor. And providing aid to these less fortunate populations can be seen, according to the same song, as the greatest gift of all. The song continues, saying that We cant go on pretending day by day That someone, somehow will soon make a change We are all a part of Gods great big family And the truth, you know, love is all we need The call for help and the claim for responsibility towards the needs of the poor is made to every human being, then everybody should do something because we are all a part of Gods great big family. My question is, in fact, what reasons really motivate us to help other people? To what extent are we motivated by the arguments presented in the song? Or are there other reasons involved in solidarity? The chorus tells us that Theres a choice were making Were saving our own lives Its true well make a better day, just you and me but I would question such choice as motivated by the desire for a better world that includes everybody, a world with no big social differences. Perhaps that we actually see solidarity as a way to literally save our own lives, and that you and me would not include as many people as it should. Rather than thinking about so many people who need help, we engage in charity and make donations for our own benefit, to build up an image of solidarity from which we could end up as beneficiaries. Not to feel guilty, to sort of buy a place in heaven. We certainly need more than romantic love to commit ourselves to true solidarity. De acordo com o texto, o que cada ser humano encorajado a fazer, e com base em quais argumentos? Cite dois desses argumentos.

(UNESP - 2013 - 2a fase - Questo 34) On Solidarity: Who is helped when someone is helped? There comes a time When we heed a certain call When the world must come together as one There are people dying And its time to lend a hand to life Poverty, starvation, diseases, among other social problems, still make many people suffer in different parts of the world, despite the advances in agricultural developments, in medicine and in technology. And, as pointed out in the verses above, from the song We are the world (www.lyrics007.com), there comes a time when we heed a certain call / when the world must come together as one. It seems, however, that such time is and will always be the present time, since there has always been people dying, people suffering physical and psychological oppression. Conversely, aid is always and continuously necessary. Fortunately, a number of charities and non-governmental organizations have put forward campaigns to help the populations in poor areas of our planet, to lend a hand to life. This is a way through which food, money and medical help can be provided and thus counterbalance the suffering faced by the ill, the homeless, the poor. And providing aid to these less fortunate populations can be seen, according to the same song, as the greatest gift of all. The song continues, saying that We cant go on pretending day by day That someone, somehow will soon make a change We are all a part of Gods great big family And the truth, you know, love is all we need The call for help and the claim for responsibility towards the needs of the poor is made to every human being, then everybody should do something because we are all a part of Gods great big family. My question is, in fact, what reasons really motivate us to help other people? To what extent are we motivated by the arguments presented in the song? Or are there other reasons involved in solidarity? The chorus tells us that Theres a choice were making Were saving our own lives Its true well make a better day, just you and me but I would question such choice as motivated by the desire for a better world that includes everybody, a world with no big social differences. Perhaps that we actually see solidarity as a way to literally save our own lives, and that you and me would not include as many people as it should. Rather than thinking about so many people who need help, we engage in charity and make donations for our own benefit, to build up an image of solidarity from which we could end up as beneficiaries. Not to feel guilty, to sort of buy a place in heaven. We certainly need more than romantic love to commit ourselves to true solidarity. Qual o significado da expresso the greatest gift of all? A que essa expresso se refere?

(UNESP - 2013 - 2a fase - Questo 35) On Solidarity: Who is helped when someone is helped? There comes a time When we heed a certain call When the world must come together as one There are people dying And its time to lend a hand to life Poverty, starvation, diseases, among other social problems, still make many people suffer in different parts of the world, despite the advances in agricultural developments, in medicine and in technology. And, as pointed out in the verses above, from the song We are the world (www.lyrics007.com), there comes a time when we heed a certain call / when the world must come together as one. It seems, however, that such time is and will always be the present time, since there has always been people dying, people suffering physical and psychological oppression. Conversely, aid is always and continuously necessary. Fortunately, a number of charities and non-governmental organizations have put forward campaigns to help the populations in poor areas of our planet, to lend a hand to life. This is a way through which food, money and medical help can be provided and thus counterbalance the suffering faced by the ill, the homeless, the poor. And providing aid to these less fortunate populations can be seen, according to the same song, as the greatest gift of all. The song continues, saying that We cant go on pretending day by day That someone, somehow will soon make a change We are all a part of Gods great big family And the truth, you know, love is all we need The call for help and the claim for responsibility towards the needs of the poor is made to every human being, then everybody should do something because we are all a part of Gods great big family. My question is, in fact, what reasons really motivate us to help other people? To what extent are we motivated by the arguments presented in the song? Or are there other reasons involved in solidarity? The chorus tells us that Theres a choice were making Were saving our own lives Its true well make a better day, just you and me but I would question such choice as motivated by the desire for a better world that includes everybody, a world with no big social differences. Perhaps that we actually see solidarity as a way to literally save our own lives, and that you and me would not include as many people as it should. Rather than thinking about so many people who need help, we engage in charity and make donations for our own benefit, to build up an image of solidarity from which we could end up as beneficiaries. Not to feel guilty, to sort of buy a place in heaven. We certainly need more than romantic love to commit ourselves to true solidarity. Qual o significado da frase buy a place in heaven, no penltimo pargrafo, e como se relaciona com o contedo do texto?

(UNESP - 2013 - 2a fase - Questo 36) On Solidarity: Who is helped when someone is helped? There comes a time When we heed a certain call When the world must come together as one There are people dying And its time to lend a hand to life Poverty, starvation, diseases, among other social problems, still make many people suffer in different parts of the world, despite the advances in agricultural developments, in medicine and in technology. And, as pointed out in the verses above, from the song We are the world (www.lyrics007.com), there comes a time when we heed a certain call / when the world must come together as one. It seems, however, that such time is and will always be the present time, since there has always been people dying, people suffering physical and psychological oppression. Conversely, aid is always and continuously necessary. Fortunately, a number of charities and non-governmental organizations have put forward campaigns to help the populations in poor areas of our planet, to lend a hand to life. This is a way through which food, money and medical help can be provided and thus counterbalance the suffering faced by the ill, the homeless, the poor. And providing aid to these less fortunate populations can be seen, according to the same song, as the greatest gift of all. The song continues, saying that We cant go on pretending day by day That someone, somehow will soon make a change We are all a part of Gods great big family And the truth, you know, love is all we need The call for help and the claim for responsibility towards the needs of the poor is made to every human being, then everybody should do something because we are all a part of Gods great big family. My question is, in fact, what reasons really motivate us to help other people? To what extent are we motivated by the arguments presented in the song? Or are there other reasons involved in solidarity? The chorus tells us that Theres a choice were making Were saving our own lives Its true well make a better day, just you and me but I would question such choice as motivated by the desire for a better world that includes everybody, a world with no big social differences. Perhaps that we actually see solidarity as a way to literally save our own lives, and that you and me would not include as many people as it should. Rather than thinking about so many people who need help, we engage in charity and make donations for our own benefit, to build up an image of solidarity from which we could end up as beneficiaries. Not to feel guilty, to sort of buy a place in heaven. We certainly need more than romantic love to commit ourselves to true solidarity. Qual a principal crtica apresentada pelo texto, e como a orao Were saving our own lives se encaixa nessa crtica?

(UNESP - 2013/2 - 2 FASE) Can We Feed the World and Sustain the Planet? A five-step global plan could double food production by 2050 while greatly reducing environmental damage By Jonathan A. Foley The world must solve three food problems simultaneously: end hunger, double food production by 2050, and do both while drastically reducing agricultures damage to the environment. Five solutions, pursued together, can achieve these goals: stop agriculture from consuming more tropical land, boost the productivity of farms that have the lowest yields, raise the efficiency of water and fertilizer use worldwide, reduce per capita meat consumption and reduce waste in food production and distribution. A system for certifying foods based on how well each one delivers nutrition and food security and limits environmental and social costs would help the public choose products that push agriculture in a more sustainable direction. (www.scientificamerican.com. Adaptado.) Dentre as cinco solues apresentadas no segundo pargrafo do texto, quais as que se destinam a aumentar a produo de alimentos?

(UNESP - 2013/2 - 2 FASE) Can We Feed the World and Sustain the Planet? A five-step global plan could double food production by 2050 while greatly reducing environmental damage By Jonathan A. Foley The world must solve three food problems simultaneously: end hunger, double food production by 2050, and do both while drastically reducing agricultures damage to the environment. Five solutions, pursued together, can achieve these goals: stop agriculture from consuming more tropical land, boost the productivity of farms that have the lowest yields, raise the efficiency of water and fertilizer use worldwide, reduce per capita meat consumption and reduce waste in food production and distribution. A system for certifying foods based on how well each one delivers nutrition and food security and limits environmental and social costs would help the public choose products that push agriculture in a more sustainable direction. (www.scientificamerican.com. Adaptado.) Qual a proposta apresentada no texto para que as pessoas possam escolher produtos mais sustentveis?

(UNESP - 2013/2 - 2 FASE) Brazil to abolish taxes on food staples Feb 5, 2013 Brazilian President Dilma Rousseffs government plans to eliminate all federal taxes on staple foods, the latest in a series of tax cuts aimed at curbing inflation. Rousseff said on a radio talk show on Tuesday that federal taxes have already been scrapped for rice and beans, the Brazilian workers staple meal, but other basic foodstuffs will also be exempted from taxation. These taxes must be removed, especially on the basic food basket, Rousseff said on a local radio station in Parana state. Tax cuts and exemptions have been a prime tool used by Rousseffs economic team to revive stagnant economic growth and control inflation. Economists say inflation is speeding up after ending 2012 at 5.8 percent. The government will update the list of 13 products in the basket of goods deemed essential for a Brazilian family to live for a month, which has not changed for years, she said. Besides rice and beans, it includes bread, butter, meat, milk, coffee, sugar, oil, potatoes, tomatoes, bananas and manioc flower. Since the basic basket law is so old, we are updating the list of products so that we can eliminate all federal taxes on them, Rousseff said. (www.reuters.com. Adaptado.) Que resultados o governo federal espera obter ao cortar impostos?

(UNESP - 2013/2 - 2 FASE) Brazil to abolish taxes on food staples Feb 5, 2013 Brazilian President Dilma Rousseffs government plans to eliminate all federal taxes on staple foods, the latest in a series of tax cuts aimed at curbing inflation. Rousseff said on a radio talk show on Tuesday that federal taxes have already been scrapped for rice and beans, the Brazilian workers staple meal, but other basic foodstuffs will also be exempted from taxation. These taxes must be removed, especially on the basic food basket, Rousseff said on a local radio station in Parana state. Tax cuts and exemptions have been a prime tool used by Rousseffs economic team to revive stagnant economic growth and control inflation. Economists say inflation is speeding up after ending 2012 at 5.8 percent. The government will update the list of 13 products in the basket of goods deemed essential for a Brazilian family to live for a month, which has not changed for years, she said. Besides rice and beans, it includes bread, butter, meat, milk, coffee, sugar, oil, potatoes, tomatoes, bananas and manioc flower. Since the basic basket law is so old, we are updating the list of products so that we can eliminate all federal taxes on them, Rousseff said. (www.reuters.com. Adaptado.) Segundo o texto, por que o governo federal pretende alterar os itens da cesta bsica de alimentos?