Questões - UNICAMP 2006 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) Todos os legisladores do sculo XVIII concordavam que o Estado britnico existia para preservar a propriedade e, incidentalmente, as vidas e liberdades dos proprietrios. (Adaptado de E.P. Thompson, Senhores e Caadores: a origem da lei negra. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1987, p. 21.) a) A partir da afirmao de E. P. Thompson, caracterize o pensamento poltico presente no Estado britnico do sculo XVIII. b) Identifique duas caractersticas dos Estados europeus do ps-segunda guerra mundial que os diferenciava do Estado britnico, descrito por E.P. Thompson

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda questo. Teenage Pregnancy Teenage birth rates in the USA have declined steadily since 1991. While this is good news, teen birth rates in this country remain high, exceeding those in most developed countries. High teen birth rates are an important concern because teen mothers and their babies face increased risks to their health, and their opportunities to build a future are diminished. Between 1991 and 2002, the teenage birth rate fell by 30 percent. Still, in 2002, about 4 teenage girls in 100 had a baby. About 11 percent of all U.S. births in 2002 were to teens (ages 15 to 19) and about 17 percent of teen mothers go on to have a second baby within three years after the birth of their first baby. A teenage mother is at greater risk than women over age 20 for pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced anemia and high blood pressure. Teens that are under 15 years old also may be more than twice as likely to die of pregnancy complications as mothers ages 20 to 24. Teen mothers are more likely than mothers over age 20 to give birth prematurely. In 2002, 9.6 percent of mothers ages 15 to 19 years had a low birth weight baby (under 5.5 pounds), compared to 7.8 percent for mothers of all ages. Low birth weight babies may have organs that are not fully developed. This can lead to chronic lung problems, or bleeding in the brain, blindness and serious intestinal problems. Low birth weight babies are more than 20 times as likely to die in their first year of life as normal weight babies. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than girls who delay childbearing. With her education cut short, a teenage mother may lack job skills, making it hard for her to find and keep a job. A teenage mother may become financially dependent on her family or on welfare. Adaptado de www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1159.asp Segundo o texto, quais so os riscos de uma gravidez na adolescncia para a sade da mulher?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) O texto abaixo se refere guerra entre a Inglaterra e a Frana no contexto da Revoluo Francesa no final do sculo XVIII: A cada navio que os canhes inimigos punham fora de combate, os governos da Inglaterra e da Frana procuravam desesperadamente mais dois mil carvalhos que pudessem substitu-lo. Para abastecer a marinha francesa, desmataram-se cadeias montanhosas inteiras, que nunca foram reflorestadas. Ao mesmo tempo, seus concorrentes ingleses transportavam madeira das florestas canadenses. (Adaptado de Simon Schama, Paisagem e Memria. So Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1996, p. 188.) a) Por que a Revoluo Francesa levou a uma guerra entre a Frana e outros pases europeus? b) Que relao o texto estabelece entre essa guerra e o desmatamento das florestas do hemisfrio norte? c) Como a questo ambiental foi tratada no protocolo de Kyoto, que entrou em vigor em 2005?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda questo. Teenage Pregnancy Teenage birth rates in the USA have declined steadily since 1991. While this is good news, teen birth rates in this country remain high, exceeding those in most developed countries. High teen birth rates are an important concern because teen mothers and their babies face increased risks to their health, and their opportunities to build a future are diminished. Between 1991 and 2002, the teenage birth rate fell by 30 percent. Still, in 2002, about 4 teenage girls in 100 had a baby. About 11 percent of all U.S. births in 2002 were to teens (ages 15 to 19) and about 17 percent of teen mothers go on to have a second baby within three years after the birth of their first baby. A teenage mother is at greater risk than women over age 20 for pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced anemia and high blood pressure. Teens that are under 15 years old also may be more than twice as likely to die of pregnancy complications as mothers ages 20 to 24. Teen mothers are more likely than mothers over age 20 to give birth prematurely. In 2002, 9.6 percent of mothers ages 15 to 19 years had a low birth weight baby (under 5.5 pounds), compared to 7.8 percent for mothers of all ages. Low birth weight babies may have organs that are not fully developed. This can lead to chronic lung problems, or bleeding in the brain, blindness and serious intestinal problems. Low birth weight babies are more than 20 times as likely to die in their first year of life as normal weight babies. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than girls who delay childbearing. With her education cut short, a teenage mother may lack job skills, making it hard for her to find and keep a job. A teenage mother may become financially dependent on her family or on welfare. Adaptado de www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1159.asp Entre os problemas gerados pela gravidez precoce, o estudo registra o nascimento de bebs de baixo peso. De acordo com o texto, que problemas de sade podem acometer esses bebs? Por qu?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) Em 1910, o crtico literrio Slvio Romero escreveu sobre a dcada de 1870. Em sua perspectiva, alguns acontecimentos teriam feito surgir uma nova gerao de intelectuais brasileiros engajados no que ele considerava como pensamento moderno. Para o autor, a Guerra do Paraguai mostrara os defeitos de nossa organizao militar e o acanhado de nossos progressos sociais, desvendando repugnantemente a chaga da escravido. (Adaptado de Ronaldo Vainfas (dir.), Dicionrio do Brasil Imperial. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2002, p. 309.) a) Cite uma caracterstica da gerao de intelectuais de 1870. b) Explique de que maneira a Guerra do Paraguai desvendava a chaga da escravido. c) Indique duas formas de engajamento dos intelectuais abolicionistas.

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda questo. Teenage Pregnancy Teenage birth rates in the USA have declined steadily since 1991. While this is good news, teen birth rates in this country remain high, exceeding those in most developed countries. High teen birth rates are an important concern because teen mothers and their babies face increased risks to their health, and their opportunities to build a future are diminished. Between 1991 and 2002, the teenage birth rate fell by 30 percent. Still, in 2002, about 4 teenage girls in 100 had a baby. About 11 percent of all U.S. births in 2002 were to teens (ages 15 to 19) and about 17 percent of teen mothers go on to have a second baby within three years after the birth of their first baby. A teenage mother is at greater risk than women over age 20 for pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced anemia and high blood pressure. Teens that are under 15 years old also may be more than twice as likely to die of pregnancy complications as mothers ages 20 to 24. Teen mothers are more likely than mothers over age 20 to give birth prematurely. In 2002, 9.6 percent of mothers ages 15 to 19 years had a low birth weight baby (under 5.5 pounds), compared to 7.8 percent for mothers of all ages. Low birth weight babies may have organs that are not fully developed. This can lead to chronic lung problems, or bleeding in the brain, blindness and serious intestinal problems. Low birth weight babies are more than 20 times as likely to die in their first year of life as normal weight babies. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than girls who delay childbearing. With her education cut short, a teenage mother may lack job skills, making it hard for her to find and keep a job. A teenage mother may become financially dependent on her family or on welfare. Adaptado de www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1159.asp A gravidez prematura faz com que muitas adolescentes abandonem seus estudos. Quais so, segundo o texto, as possveis conseqncias desse fato?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda questo. Teenage Pregnancy Teenage birth rates in the USA have declined steadily since 1991. While this is good news, teen birth rates in this country remain high, exceeding those in most developed countries. High teen birth rates are an important concern because teen mothers and their babies face increased risks to their health, and their opportunities to build a future are diminished. Between 1991 and 2002, the teenage birth rate fell by 30 percent. Still, in 2002, about 4 teenage girls in 100 had a baby. About 11 percent of all U.S. births in 2002 were to teens (ages 15 to 19) and about 17 percent of teen mothers go on to have a second baby within three years after the birth of their first baby. A teenage mother is at greater risk than women over age 20 for pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced anemia and high blood pressure. Teens that are under 15 years old also may be more than twice as likely to die of pregnancy complications as mothers ages 20 to 24. Teen mothers are more likely than mothers over age 20 to give birth prematurely. In 2002, 9.6 percent of mothers ages 15 to 19 years had a low birth weight baby (under 5.5 pounds), compared to 7.8 percent for mothers of all ages. Low birth weight babies may have organs that are not fully developed. This can lead to chronic lung problems, or bleeding in the brain, blindness and serious intestinal problems. Low birth weight babies are more than 20 times as likely to die in their first year of life as normal weight babies. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than girls who delay childbearing. With her education cut short, a teenage mother may lack job skills, making it hard for her to find and keep a job. A teenage mother may become financially dependent on her family or on welfare. Adaptado de www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1159.asp Os ndices 30%, 17% e 9,6% so mencionados em diferentes passagens do texto. O que esses ndices mostram, respectivamente?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) Em carta de junho de 1889, o imigrante italiano Francesco Costantin comentou sua viagem de navio de Gnova para o Brasil: No encontro palavras para descrever por inteiro o desconforto do vapor. Sendo todos imigrantes gratuitos, nos tratavam pior do que porcos. (Adaptado de Emilio Franzina, Merica! Merica! Emigrazione e colonizzazione nelle lettere dei contadini veneti e friulani in America Latina, 1876-1902. Verona: Cierre Edizioni, 1994, p. 171.) a) Explique o significado da expresso imigrantes gratuitos e o que motivou essa modalidade de imigrao. b) No contexto da grande imigrao, o que queria dizer fazer a Amrica? c) De que pas veio o maior nmero de imigrantes para o Estado de So Paulo entre o final do sculo XIX e o comeo do sculo XX?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Os quatro adesivos para carros reproduzidos abaixo (www.bumperart.com) contm mensagens feministas. Leia-os e responda questo. a) Qual dos quatros adesivos sugere que as mulheres no precisam dos homens? Justifique sua resposta. b) Indique o nmero do adesivo que tambm pode ser lido como machista.

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) O pan-africanismo, surgido no final do sculo XIX, foi fundamental para a tomada de conscincia das elites culturais africanas em relao s questes econmicas, sociais, polticas e culturais do continente. A ideia de nao continental, que surgiu como sinnimo de solidariedade da raa negra, apresentava ao mundo o que significa ser africano, incluindo dois legados: o resgate da frica pelos africanos e a ideia de ptria comum de todos os negros em solo africano, com supostos valores comuns para se pensar estruturas polticas autnomas. (Adaptado de Leila Leite Hernandez, A frica na sala de aula: visita Histria Contempornea. So Paulo: Selo Negro, 2005, p. 157.) a) Por que a recriao de valores comuns foi til ao pan-africanismo? b) A ocupao do continente africano pelos europeus se relaciona a dois processos histricos: o colonialismo do sculo XVI e o imperialismo do sculo XIX. Cite duas caractersticas de cada um desses processos que os diferenciem.

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2FASE) A roupa de Eva Pern foi um negcio de Estado para um regime que descobriu as formas modernas da propaganda poltica. As publicaes ilustradas do regime levaram adiante uma poltica altamente visual, em que dezenas de fotografias dirias difundiam as imagens dos lderes. A escolha dos vestidos de Eva no foi uma tarefa banal. Eva foi amada por sua obra e pela maneira como se apresentava publicamente. (Adaptado de Beatriz Sarlo, A paixo e a exceo: Borges, Eva Pern, Montoneros. So Paulo: Companhia das Letras; Belo Horizonte: Ed. UFMG, 2005, p. 78-79.) a) Quais os significados da escolha dos vestidos de Eva Pern? b) Caracterize o peronismo. c) Qual a ao poltica de Eva Pern durante o governo de Juan Domingo Pern (1946-1955)?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda s questo. The predominant paradigms of analysis of the spread of English around the world have by and large failed to problematize the causes and implications of this spread. The spread of English is taken to be natural, neutral, and beneficial. More critical analysis, however, show that English threatens other languages, acts as a gatekeeper to positions of wealth and prestige both within nations and between nations and is the language through which much of the unequal distribution of resources and knowledge operates. Furthermore, its spread has not been the coincidental by-product of changing global relations but rather the deliberate policy of English-speaking countries protecting and promoting their economic and political interests A. Pennycook, English in the world / The world in English, in J.W. Tollefson (org.) Power and Inequality in Language Education. Cambridge: CUP, 1995:54 Segundo o texto, o que provocou a expanso da lngua inglesa no mundo contemporneo?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) No Brasil, os partidos foram, na Repblica Velha, partidos republicanos regionais. Aps 1945, os partidos buscaram, sem grande sucesso, tornar-se nacionais, como ocorreu na dcada de 1930 com a Ao Integralista Brasileira, o primeiro partido nacional de massa. O processo de nacionalizao dos partidos ocorre em pleno regime militar, com a polarizao partidria. (Adaptado de Hlgio Trindade, Brasil em Perspectiva: conservadorismo liberal e democracia bloqueada, em Carlos Guilherme Mota (org.), Viagem incompleta: a experincia Brasileira (1500-2000): a grande transao. So Paulo: Ed. SENAC SP, 2000, p. 375.) a) Segundo o texto, qual a diferena fundamental entre os partidos polticos da Repblica Velha e os do regime militar (1964-1985)? b) Quais as caractersticas polticas da Ao Integralista Brasileira (AIB)? c) Qual a importncia do bipartidarismo (ARENA e MDB) para o regime militar?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda s questo. The predominant paradigms of analysis of the spread of English around the world have by and large failed to problematize the causes and implications of this spread. The spread of English is taken to be natural, neutral, and benefi cial. More critical analysis, however, show that English threatens other languages, acts as a gatekeeper to positions of wealth and prestige both within nations and between nations and is the language through which much of the unequal distribution of resources and knowledge operates. Furthermore, its spread has not been the coincidental by-product of changing global relations but rather the deliberate policy of English-speaking countries protecting and promoting their economic and political interests A. Pennycook, English in the world / The world in English, in J.W. Tollefson (org.) Power and Inequality in Language Education. Cambridge: CUP, 1995:54 Alm de afi rmar que o ingls ameaa outras lnguas e , em grande parte, responsvel pela distribuio desigual de recursos e conhecimento, que outro argumento utilizado pelo autor do texto para se contrapor queles que consideram benfi ca a expanso da lngua inglesa?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda s questo. BLUE JEANS Fascinating facts about the invention of the Blue Jeans by Levi Strauss in 1873 The Gold Rush of 1848 attracted many adventurers to California. One of them was a twenty-year-old named Levi Strauss. Strauss had been a draper, or cloth seller, in New York, and he took a few bolts of cloth to sell on the journey west. In this manner he earned his way, and by the time he reached California, Levi Strauss had sold everything except a roll of canvas. No one wanted clothes made of canvas! Or did they? It turned out that up in the diggings, where the miners worked, pants wore out very quickly. So Strauss made some pairs of canvas trousers to sell to miners. More and more miners were coming to Strauss and asking him for a pair of those canvas trousers. Not entirely happy with canvas, Levi started using a new fabric from Genoa, Italy. The weavers there called the fabric genes. Strauss changed the name to jeans and later he called his pants Levis. They were popular with cowboys as well as miners. Today, called Levis or blue jeans, they are popular with men, women, and children in many countries of the globe www.ideafinder.com, acessado em 24/01/2003. a) Como Strauss conseguiu chegar Califrnia? b) Para quem Strauss vendeu calas feitas de lona? Por qu?