Questões - UFMG | Gabarito e resoluções

(UFMG - 2000) HOW ARE YOUR GENES? 1 Some 200,000 babies are born in the United States each year with deformed bodies, impaired minds and possibly fatal abnormalities in body chemistry - often because of defective genes or chromosomes. If a way could be found to test routinely the genes of prospective married couples - much as the couples now take Wassermann tests to detect syphilis - the toll might be reduced drastically. This is the goal of genetic counseling. And while it is still far off - testing is expensive and elaborate - genetic counseling centers in hospitals and clinics across the United States are already helping parents. Such centers help the parents of a defective child in their decision whether or not to have more children, and they advise couples with family histories of genetic diseases even before marriage. 2 The genes that help determine a persons individual characteristics - from the color of his eyes to the score he makes on an IQ test - are located on chromosomes within the cells of his body. Half of a persons chromosomes come from his father, half from his mother. Many diseases are the result of a single defective gene on one of the chromosomes. Achondroplastic dwarfism, for example, is caused by a dominant gene and any child who inherits it will have the disease. A genetic counselor confronted by a parent with such a disease could warn that half of his children risk the disease. More often, genetic diseases are caused by recessive genes. The most common is cystic fibrosis, a disorder that affects at least one in every 1,600 babies and causes their lungs and other body organs to become congested with mucus. A child who inherits only one of these recessive genes will not have the disease, but will be a carrier. If both parents are carriers, one in four of (2) their children will have cystic fibrosis, two will be carriers, and one will be normal. 3 Some diseases, (1) such as the blood clotting disorder, hemophilia, are sex-linked recessive defects carried on the female X chromosome. These genes generally produce disease only in male children when the X chromosome bearing the (3) faulty gene pairs with the fathers Y chromosome. Half the sons of a female hemophilia carrier risk the disease; half the daughters may be carriers. 4 Until recently, much of genetic counseling has relied on estimates based on the law of averages. But researchers have begun to develop lab tests for carriers. There are blood, urine and other tests which show promise in detecting more than 100 genetic diseases, including cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), hemophilia and some forms of muscular dystrophy. As a result, a genetic counselor can tell the sister of a man with hemophilia with reasonable certainty whether she is a carrier. 5 Researchers are also detecting genetic defects even before a child is born. By amniocentesis, a process in which a needle is inserted through the mothers abdomen and into her uterus, researchers can withdraw samples of the fluid surrounding the fetus. By growing these fetal cells in tissue culture, researchers can detect chromosome defects or chemical abnormalities. Intra-uterine detection, notes Dr. Henry L. Nadler of Northwestern University Medical School, brings a new dimension to genetic counseling. The physician may now inform the parents that they will have either an affected or a normal child. HIRASAWA, L. MARKSTEIN, L. Developing reading skills. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers, 1978. p. 76-79. (Adapted text) According to the text, the objective of an amniocentesis test is to:

(Ufmg 2000) Observe a figura. Nessa figura, AB é um diâmetro do círculo de centro O e raio 2 e o ângulo mede 15. Nesse caso, a distância do ponto P à reta AB é de

(UFMG 2000) HOW ARE YOUR GENES? 1 Some 200,000 babies are born in the United States each year with deformed bodies, impaired minds and possibly fatal abnormalities in body chemistry - often because of defective genes or chromosomes. If a way could be found to test routinely the genes of prospective married couples - much as the couples now take Wassermann tests to detect syphilis - the toll might be reduced drastically. This is the goal of genetic counseling. And while it is still far off - testing is expensive and elaborate - genetic counseling centers in hospitals and clinics across the United States are already helping parents. Such centers help the parents of a defective child in their decision whether or not to have more children, and they advise couples with family histories of genetic diseases even before marriage. 2 The genes that help determine a persons individual characteristics - from the color of his eyes to the score he makes on an IQ test - are located on chromosomes within the cells of his body. Half of a persons chromosomes come from his father, half from his mother. Many diseases are the result of a single defective gene on one of the chromosomes. Achondroplastic dwarfism, for example, is caused by a dominant gene and any child who inherits it will have the disease. A genetic counselor confronted by a parent with such a disease could warn that half of his children risk the disease. More often, genetic diseases are caused by recessive genes. The most common is cystic fibrosis, a disorder that affects at least one in every 1,600 babies and causes their lungs and other body organs to become congested with mucus. A child who inherits only one of these recessive genes will not have the disease, but will be a carrier. If both parents are carriers, one in four of (2) their children will have cystic fibrosis, two will be carriers, and one will be normal. 3 Some diseases, (1) such as the blood clotting disorder, hemophilia, are sex-linked recessive defects carried on the female X chromosome. These genes generally produce disease only in male children when the X chromosome bearing the (3) faulty gene pairs with the fathers Y chromosome. Half the sons of a female hemophilia carrier risk the disease; half the daughters may be carriers. 4 Until recently, much of genetic counseling has relied on estimates based on the law of averages. But researchers have begun to develop lab tests for carriers. There are blood, urine and other tests which show promise in detecting more than 100 genetic diseases, including cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), hemophilia and some forms of muscular dystrophy. As a result, a genetic counselor can tell the sister of a man with hemophilia with reasonable certainty whether she is a carrier. 5 Researchers are also detecting genetic defects even before a child is born. By amniocentesis, a process in which a needle is inserted through the mothers abdomen and into her uterus, researchers can withdraw samples of the fluid surrounding the fetus. By growing these fetal cells in tissue culture, researchers can detect chromosome defects or chemical abnormalities. Intra-uterine detection, notes Dr. Henry L. Nadler of Northwestern University Medical School, brings a new dimension to genetic counseling. The physician may now inform the parents that they will have either an affected or a normal child. HIRASAWA, L. MARKSTEIN, L. Developing reading skills. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers, 1978. p. 76-79. (Adapted text) According to the text, it is INCORRECT to state that today genetic counseling is:

(UFMG 2000) HOW ARE YOUR GENES? 1      Some 200,000 babies are born in the United States each year with deformed bodies, impaired minds and possibly fatal abnormalities in body chemistry - often because of defective genes or chromosomes. If a way could be found to "test" routinely the genes of prospective married couples - much as the couples now take Wassermann tests to detect syphilis - the toll might be reduced drastically. This is the goal of genetic counseling. And while it is still far off - testing is expensive and elaborate - genetic counseling centers in hospitals and clinics across the United States are already helping parents. Such centers help the parents of a defective child in their decision whether or not to have more children, and they advise couples with family histories of genetic diseases even before marriage. 2     The genes that help determine a person's individual characteristics - from the color of his eyes to the score he makes on an IQ test - are located on chromosomes within the cells of his body. Half of a person's chromosomes come from his father, half from his mother. Many diseases are the result of a single defective gene on one of the chromosomes. Achondroplastic dwarfism, for example, is caused by a dominant gene and any child who inherits it will have the disease. A genetic counselor confronted by a parent with such a disease could warn that half of his children risk the disease. More often, genetic diseases are caused by recessive genes. The most common is cystic fibrosis, a disorder that affects at least one in every 1,600 babies and causes their lungs and other body organs to become congested with mucus. A child who inherits only one of these recessive genes will not have the disease, but will be a carrier. If both parents are carriers, one in four of (2) their children will have cystic fibrosis, two will be carriers, and one will be normal. 3      Some diseases, (1) such as the blood clotting disorder, hemophilia, are sex-linked recessive defects carried on the female X chromosome. These genes generally produce disease only in male children when the X chromosome bearing the (3) faulty gene pairs with the father's Y chromosome. Half the sons of a female hemophilia carrier risk the disease; half the daughters may be carriers. 4     Until recently, much of genetic counseling has relied on estimates based on the law of averages. But researchers have begun to develop lab tests for carriers. There are blood, urine and other tests which show promise in detecting more than 100 genetic diseases, including cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), hemophilia and some forms of muscular dystrophy. As a result, a genetic counselor can tell the sister of a man with hemophilia with reasonable certainty whether she is a carrier. 5    Researchers are also detecting genetic defects even before a child is born. By amniocentesis, a process in which a needle is inserted through the mother's abdomen and into her uterus, researchers can withdraw samples of the fluid surrounding the fetus. By growing these fetal cells in tissue culture, researchers can detect chromosome defects or chemical abnormalities. "Intra-uterine detection," notes Dr. Henry L. Nadler of Northwestern University Medical School, "brings a new dimension to genetic counseling. The physician may now inform the parents that they will have either an affected or a normal child." HIRASAWA, L. & MARKSTEIN, L. Developing reading skills. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers, 1978. p. 76-79. (Adapted text) In the text, SUCH (ref.1) refers to: 

(UFMG 2000) HOW ARE YOUR GENES? 1 Some 200,000 babies are born in the United States each year with deformed bodies, impaired minds and possibly fatal abnormalities in body chemistry - often because of defective genes or chromosomes. If a way could be found to test routinely the genes of prospective married couples - much as the couples now take Wassermann tests to detect syphilis - the toll might be reduced drastically. This is the goal of genetic counseling. And while it is still far off - testing is expensive and elaborate - genetic counseling centers in hospitals and clinics across the United States are already helping parents. Such centers help the parents of a defective child in their decision whether or not to have more children, and they advise couples with family histories of genetic diseases even before marriage. 2 The genes that help determine a persons individual characteristics - from the color of his eyes to the score he makes on an IQ test - are located on chromosomes within the cells of his body. Half of a persons chromosomes come from his father, half from his mother. Many diseases are the result of a single defective gene on one of the chromosomes. Achondroplastic dwarfism, for example, is caused by a dominant gene and any child who inherits it will have the disease. A genetic counselor confronted by a parent with such a disease could warn that half of his children risk the disease. More often, genetic diseases are caused by recessive genes. The most common is cystic fibrosis, a disorder that affects at least one in every 1,600 babies and causes their lungs and other body organs to become congested with mucus. A child who inherits only one of these recessive genes will not have the disease, but will be a carrier. If both parents are carriers, one in four of (2) their children will have cystic fibrosis, two will be carriers, and one will be normal. 3 Some diseases, (1) such as the blood clotting disorder, hemophilia, are sex-linked recessive defects carried on the female X chromosome. These genes generally produce disease only in male children when the X chromosome bearing the (3) faulty gene pairs with the fathers Y chromosome. Half the sons of a female hemophilia carrier risk the disease; half the daughters may be carriers. 4 Until recently, much of genetic counseling has relied on estimates based on the law of averages. But researchers have begun to develop lab tests for carriers. There are blood, urine and other tests which show promise in detecting more than 100 genetic diseases, including cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), hemophilia and some forms of muscular dystrophy. As a result, a genetic counselor can tell the sister of a man with hemophilia with reasonable certainty whether she is a carrier. 5 Researchers are also detecting genetic defects even before a child is born. By amniocentesis, a process in which a needle is inserted through the mothers abdomen and into her uterus, researchers can withdraw samples of the fluid surrounding the fetus. By growing these fetal cells in tissue culture, researchers can detect chromosome defects or chemical abnormalities. Intra-uterine detection, notes Dr. Henry L. Nadler of Northwestern University Medical School, brings a new dimension to genetic counseling. The physician may now inform the parents that they will have either an affected or a normal child. HIRASAWA, L. MARKSTEIN, L. Developing reading skills. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers, 1978. p. 76-79. (Adapted text) According to the text, the goal of genetic counseling is:

(UFMG 2000) HOW ARE YOUR GENES? 1 Some 200,000 babies are born in the United States each year with deformed bodies, impaired minds and possibly fatal abnormalities in body chemistry - often because of defective genes or chromosomes. If a way could be found to test routinely the genes of prospective married couples - much as the couples now take Wassermann tests to detect syphilis - the toll might be reduced drastically. This is the goal of genetic counseling. And while it is still far off - testing is expensive and elaborate - genetic counseling centers in hospitals and clinics across the United States are already helping parents. Such centers help the parents of a defective child in their decision whether or not to have more children, and they advise couples with family histories of genetic diseases even before marriage. 2 The genes that help determine a persons individual characteristics - from the color of his eyes to the score he makes on an IQ test - are located on chromosomes within the cells of his body. Half of a persons chromosomes come from his father, half from his mother. Many diseases are the result of a single defective gene on one of the chromosomes. Achondroplastic dwarfism, for example, is caused by a dominant gene and any child who inherits it will have the disease. A genetic counselor confronted by a parent with such a disease could warn that half of his children risk the disease. More often, genetic diseases are caused by recessive genes. The most common is cystic fibrosis, a disorder that affects at least one in every 1,600 babies and causes their lungs and other body organs to become congested with mucus. A child who inherits only one of these recessive genes will not have the disease, but will be a carrier. If both parents are carriers, one in four of (2) their children will have cystic fibrosis, two will be carriers, and one will be normal. 3 Some diseases, (1) such as the blood clotting disorder, hemophilia, are sex-linked recessive defects carried on the female X chromosome. These genes generally produce disease only in male children when the X chromosome bearing the (3) faulty gene pairs with the fathers Y chromosome. Half the sons of a female hemophilia carrier risk the disease; half the daughters may be carriers. 4 Until recently, much of genetic counseling has relied on estimates based on the law of averages. But researchers have begun to develop lab tests for carriers. There are blood, urine and other tests which show promise in detecting more than 100 genetic diseases, including cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), hemophilia and some forms of muscular dystrophy. As a result, a genetic counselor can tell the sister of a man with hemophilia with reasonable certainty whether she is a carrier. 5 Researchers are also detecting genetic defects even before a child is born. By amniocentesis, a process in which a needle is inserted through the mothers abdomen and into her uterus, researchers can withdraw samples of the fluid surrounding the fetus. By growing these fetal cells in tissue culture, researchers can detect chromosome defects or chemical abnormalities. Intra-uterine detection, notes Dr. Henry L. Nadler of Northwestern University Medical School, brings a new dimension to genetic counseling. The physician may now inform the parents that they will have either an affected or a normal child. HIRASAWA, L. MARKSTEIN, L. Developing reading skills. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers, 1978. p. 76-79. (Adapted text) In the text, the word THEIR (ref.2) refers to the:

(UFMG 1999) As figuras ilustram o formato de duas rvores, em funo da prtica de poda realizada por jardineiros. Todas as alternativas apresentam explicaes para a manuteno, por um certo tempo, da poda realizada nas rvores representadas, EXCETO

(Ufmg 1999) Ao estudar a tabela periódica, um estudante fez várias anotações sobre as propriedades das substâncias simples de um grupo de elementos químicos, todos localizados na mesma coluna: - têm grande afinidade química por metais; - reagem diretamente com hidrogênio, formando ácidos; - apresentam átomos de alta eletronegatividade; - são agentes oxidantes. Na tabela periódica, esses elementos ocupam a

(Ufmg 1999) Observe a figura. Nessa figura, BD é um diâmetro da circunferência circunscrita ao triângulo ABC, e os ângulos e medem, respectivamente, 20° e 85°. Assim sendo, o ângulo mede

(UFMG 1999) Um homem, submetido a aquecimento prvio de 45C, ingere gelo picado, em intervalos regulares. Os grficos relacionam a temperatura da pele, a temperatura interna e a sudorese nesse homem, nas condies dadas. Com base nos dados desses grficos, CORRETO afirmar que

(UFMG 1999) O lcool etlico e o ter dimetlico so ismeros de frmula molecular C2H6O. Embora essas duas substncias tenham a mesma frmula molecular, os calores de combusto de seus vapores so diferentes. Todas as afirmativas abaixo apresentam um fator relevante para explicar a diferena dos calores de combusto desses dois compostos, EXCETO:

(Ufmg 1999) O rótulo de uma garrafa de vinagre indica que a concentração de ácido acético (CH3COOH) é 42g L. A fim de verificar se a concentração da solução ácida corresponde à indicada no rótulo, 10,00mL da mesma solução foram titulados com hidróxido de sódio 0,100mol L, gastando-se 25,00mL da base para a neutralização. Quatro grupos de estudantes realizaram os cálculos de ambas as concentrações, a indicada no rótulo e a obtida através da titulação. Os resultados encontrados pelos quatro grupos estão apresentados no quadro. Ambas as concentrações foram calculadas corretamente pelo grupo

(UFMG - 1998)Um estudante colocou na geladeira folhas de trs verduras: alface, cebolinha e couve. Aps uma semana, verificou que o grau de murchamento da alface era maior que o da cebolinha e o da couve. A alternativa que NO apresenta uma explicao provvel para esse fato a:

(UFMG) A expanso neocolonial do final do sculo XIX pode ser associada a

(Ufmg 1998) Analise o gráfico. Fonte dos dados: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (1961-1990) A partir da análise e interpretação desse gráfico, é INCORRETO afirmar que