Questões de Inglês - UFU | Gabarito e resoluções

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA)Across the board, suicide rates among young Americans have risen; from 2007 to 2018, suicide rates for Americans ages 10 to 24 rose by 57%, and the increase was particularly significant among young girls, contributing to a narrowing of the persistent suicide gender gap. Rates plateaued from 2018 to 2019the most recent year with available federal databut they stood far higher than those of decades past. A multinational study published in the Lancet Psychiatry in April found that U.S. suicide rates actually decreased somewhat during the early months of the pandemic, compared to the year before itbut given spiking anxiety and depression rates during the pandemic, which studies suggest took a particularly harsh toll on young people, theres good reason for continuing concern. Girls of color are increasingly accounting for this trend. According to one 2019 Pediatrics study, the number of white children attempting suicide in the U.S. decreased from 1991 to 2017, while the number of Black children attempting suicide went up. Black youths are two times more likely to die by suicide compared to their white counterparts, says Arielle Sheftall. Now, she says, were trying to figure this out. Theres rarely a single thing that drives someone to attempt suicide, and similarly there are many factorsfrom bullying to stigma to childhood trauma and racismbut no one cause that could help to explain the increase in suicides among Black youth. Disponvel em: https://time.com/. Acesso em: 23 maio 2021. Com base no texto, afirma-se que I. de modo geral, o suicdio entre jovens nos USA tem crescido historicamente. II. ansiedade e depresso na pandemia impactaram o aumento de suicdios. III. meninas negras nos USA cometem mais suicdio do que meninas brancas. IV. o estudo aponta motivos para o suicdio e sugere como enfrent-los. V. o suicdio entre jovens aumentou durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA)An astonishing 40% of bees die every year as a result of disease, pesticides and climate change in part because busy commercial beekeepers miss warning signs. Thats where Beewise, an artificial-intelligence-powered hive, comes in. Using precision robotics, computer vision and AI, a Beehome which costs $15 a month and might host 2 million bees monitors the insects 24/7. When a hive is exposed to, say, parasites or experiences irregular temperatures, its internal systems respond immediately by applying pesticides, for example. Use of the smart technology can double pollination capacity and honey production, while decreasing colonies mortality rate. Not only do bees not die, says Saar Safra, Beewises CEO. They thrive. Disponvel em: https://time.com/. Acesso em: 30 maio 2021. Com base no texto acima, INCORRETO afirmar que

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)Antibiotics are medicines used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality. The world urgently needs to change the way it prescribes and uses antibiotics, which are often over-prescribed and over-used by the public. Even if new medicines are developed, without behavior change, antibiotic resistance will remain a major threat. Behavior changes must also include actions to reduce the spread of infections through vaccination, hand washing, practicing safer sex, and good food hygiene. Disponvel em: https://www.who.int/. Acesso em: 23 maio 2021. Com base no texto acima, INCORRETO afirmar que

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)Knowledge is power, as the saying goes, and the invention of the mechanical movable type printing press helped disseminate knowledge wider and faster than ever before. German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg is credited with inventing the printing press around 1436, although he was far from the first to automate the book-printing process. Woodblock printing in China dates back to the 9th century and Korean bookmakers were printing with moveable metal type a century before Gutenberg. But most historians believe Gutenbergs adaptation, which employed a screw-type wine press to squeeze down evenly on the inked metal type, was the key to unlocking the modern age. With the newfound ability to inexpensively mass-produce books on every imaginable topic, revolutionary ideas and priceless ancient knowledge were placed in the hands of every literate European, whose numbers doubled every century. Disponvel em: https://www.history.com/. Acesso em: 23 maio 2021. Com base no texto, analise as afirmativas abaixo. I. Johannes Gutenberg foi o primeiro a usar a prensa mecnica para impresso. II. A inveno de Johannes Gutemberg possibilitou acelerar a impresso de livros. III. Chineses e coreanos foram pioneiros na automao do processo de impresso. IV. A produo em massa foi viabilizada pelo uso da prensa de vinho tipo parafuso. V. Historiadores creditam a inveno da prensa ao ndice de analfabetos na Europa. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA)It might not be the slickest thing on four wheels, and it definitely wont win any time trials, but Chinese logistics firm Cainiaos new Xiao G delivery cart could be the future. Every hour, the three-foot by five-foot automated vehicle picks up packages from Cainiaos depot in Hangzhoua city of 10 million people in Chinas booming eastand tours a nearby neighborhood. Locals in pajamas pop down to meet the driverless cart at their nearest delivery point and type in a reference number. A door in the vehicles side flips open and the customers parcel can be retrieved. Xiao G heads onto the next stop, weaving ponderously through traffic via 360-degree sensors. It sends a message to customers after setting off and another when it arrives at a pick-up point so they know to come down, says Cainiao engineer Long Fei. Some models allow customers to drop off as well as pick up packages. In terms of innovations in logistics, Xiao G may not be as earth-shaking as the shipping container or the cargo jet. But it is the most visible aspect of a stealthy revolution powered by Cainiao, which was founded in 2014. The $10 billion subsidiary of e-commerce giant Alibaba says it is poised to transform worldwide trade. Disponvel em: https://time.com/. Acesso em: 16 maio 2021. Based on this text about the Chinese logistics firm Cainiaos new delivery cart, we can infer that I. customers may pick up their product and also send packages using Xiao G. II. it may influence how businesses in other parts of the world deliver products. III. it will probably be more impactful in logistics than shipping containers. IV. it can move fast through heavy city traffics using 360-degree sensors. V. it relies on mobile technology and driverless vehicles to make its deliveries. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA) During the pandemic, universities had to quickly co-ordinate with administrative staff, professors, (1) _____ and technical teams to transfer courses online to complete their academic year. This required (2) _____ and students to rapidly master the use of learning management systems (such as Moodle, Blackboard, Google Education and others) and (3) _____ learning communication software products (such as Zoom, Skype and Teams) to name a few. Students and university (4) _____ had to make significant adjustments. Beyond using what to many were unfamiliar (5) _____ media and teaching tools, they also had to adapt to new methods of (6) _____, classroom interaction, teaching practices and student-faculty communication. Disponvel em: https://theconversation.com/. Acesso em: 16 maio 2021. Choose the alternative with the words which best complete the text above.

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)Engineering design and science inquiry share a number of similar features. Both are reasoning processes used to solve problems. Both use similar cognitive tools, such as brainstorming, reasoning by analogy, mental models, and visual representations. And both require testing and evaluation of the product the engineering design or the scientific hypothesis. The two processes also differ in significant ways. One point of divergence is the role of constraints. Budget constraints, for instance, can limit science inquiry and can even keep scientists from answering a particular question. But they do affect the answer itself. For engineers, however, budget constraints can determine the actual characteristics of a design solution the materials used, for example, or the number of redundancies included to protect against possible failure. Disponvel em: https://www.linkengineering.org/ . Acesso em: 23 maio 2021. According to the text, I. engineering design and science inquiry use similar methods of reasoning. II. budget constraints have similar effects for science inquiry and engineering design. III. visual representations are especially used by science inquiry to solve problems. IV. testing and evaluation of a problem are the main constraints in both processes. V. although different, engineering design and science inquiry are significantly similar. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)Prisons have very serious health implications. Prisoners are likely to have existing health problems on entry to prison, as they are predominantly from poorly educated and socio-economically deprived sectors of the general population, with minimal access to adequate health services. Their health conditions deteriorate in prisons which are overcrowded, where nutrition is poor, sanitation inadequate and access to fresh air and exercise often unavailable. Psychiatric disorders, HIV infection, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C, sexually transmitted diseases, skin diseases, malaria, malnutrition, diarrhea and injuries including self-mutilation are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in prison. In countries with a high prevalence of TB in the outside community, prevalence of TB can be up to 100 times higher inside the prisons. In most countries HIV infection in prisons is significantly higher than within the population outside prison, especially where drug addiction and risk behaviors are prevalent. Prison staff are also vulnerable to most of the diseases of which prisoners are at risk. Prisons are not isolated from the society and prison health is public health. The vast majority of people committed to prison eventually return to the wider society. Thus, it is not in vain that prisons have been referred to as reservoirs of disease in various contexts. Disponvel em: https://www.unodc.org/. Acesso em: 30 maio 2021. According to this text on public health consequences of imprisonment, we can say that I. prisoners predominantly get diseases such as tuberculosis when they enter the prisons. II. poverty is considered to be the main reason why prisoners get health problems in prisons. III. data on imprisonment have shown that drug addiction is associated with HIV infection. IV. public health data have shown staff with fairly high levels of infection caught at work in prisons. V. imprisonment impacts public health once most prisoners are vulnerable and return to society. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA) TEXT A Since Barack Obama was elected in 2008, the price of solar energy has fallen 78 percent, and the cost of wind energy has also fallen by 58 percent, thanks largely to technological advancements and economies of scale. In isolation, these numbers are not impressive. But what makes the differ ence is that the global economy grew by 3 percent in 2014 while world emissions remained flat. Cheaper alternative energy is the best hope the world has left. People are not willing to fundamentally change their lives for problems far off in the future, even ones as potentially catastrophic as climate change. To avoid the worst effects of climate change, alternative energies need to become as cheap and reliable as their carbon-emitting counterparts, and quickly. TEXT B The thoroughly modern phenomenon of cybercrime and economic espionage is estimated to cost the world more than $445 billion every year. And while it hasnt happened yet, the fear that cyberattacks can spill over and trigger real-world conflicts remains an ongoing concern. A decade ago, the Pentagon had a stockpile of fewer than 50 drones; today it has an arsenal of about 7,000. The Pentagon estimates that China will build nearly 42,000 drones by 2023. Others will follow suit. Technology has given terrorist groups like ISIS an unparalleled platform to spread their messages of hate. The knowledge needed to build bombs in the comfort of your own home is now just a few short clicks away. Technology is capable of empowering every single individual in the world, even the worst of us. Disponvel em: https://time.com/. Acesso em: 16 maio 2021. Much of todays news coverage focusses on technological advancements and on how they might impact society. According to the Text A and Text B, we can state that I. we should spend our time figuring out how to live without technology. II. both texts A and B indicate we should learn how to live in this new world. III. the main idea in these texts is that technology is neither good nor bad. IV. text A focuses on how technology can help us save the planet. V. text B introduces arguments on negative aspects of technology. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase) Much new can be (1) _____ on the Black Deaths patterns of territorial spread. Of particular importance was the sudden (2) _____ of the plague over vast distances, due to its rapid transportation by ship. Ships travelled at an average (3) _____ of around 40km a day (4) _____ today seems quite slow. However, this speed meant that the Black Death (5) _____ moved 600km in a fortnight by ship: spreading, in contemporary terms, with astonishing speed and unpredictability. By land, the average spread was much (6) _____: up to 2km per day along the busiest highways or roads and about 0.6km per day along secondary lines of communication. Disponvel em: https://www.historytoday.com/. Acesso em: 30 maio 2021. Choose the alternative with the words which best complete the text above.

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA)In his book entitled The McDonaldization of Society, George Ritzer nicely encompasses concepts from sociology, management, and economics to provide a profound understanding of our modern society. According to George Ritzer, McDonaldization is defined as the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world. The success of McDonalds is also evident worldwide as over half of the companys revenue comes from overseas operations serving 50 million customers a day. Indeed, this fast-food restaurant has become more than just a company. It has become a part of our culture. Disponvel em: https://www.researchgate.net/. Acesso em: 23 maio 2021. According to the text,

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA)AlterEgo doesnt read your thoughts, but it can enable you to communicate with your computer without touching a keyboard or opening your mouth. To use the headset to carry out a simple task like Googling the weather on your laptop, first formulate the query in your mind. The headsets sensors read the signals that formulation sends from your brain to areas youd trigger if you had said the query aloud, like the back of your tongue and palate. Then, via a web connection, the device, designed by researchers at the MIT Media Lab, carries out the task on your laptop. To inform you of the results of the task, the headset uses a bone conduction speaker that only ou can hear. Researchers found that the devices prototype was able to understand its wearer 92% of the time. The interface is currently being tested in limited hospital settings, where it helps patients with multiple sclerosis and ALS to communicate. Disponvel em: https://time.com/. Acessoem: 16 maio 2021. Sobre a tecnologia desenvolvida e apresentada no texto, correto afirmar que ela I. foi batizada de AlterEgo em homenagem aos pesquisadores inventores. II. foi desenvolvida por um grupo de pesquisadores na Universidade MIT. III. l as ondas mentais que so emitidas diretamente para o computador. IV. utiliza um tipo de speaker que emite sons pela prpria estrutura ssea. V. est sendo testada em ambientes hospitalares com pessoas surdas. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)When we take on a task, several brain networks dealing with attention and cognitive control are involved. These are the frontoparietal control network, the dorsal attention network, and the ventral attention network. Attempts to multitask can create interference among these networks, and this can lead to slower processing as well as mistakes, explains Kevin Paul Madore, a neuroscientist at Stanford University. Too much multitasking can interfere with both working memory and long-term memory. Research by Madore and colleagues found that heavier media multitasking is associated with attention lapses and forgetfulness. However, its still not clear whats causing what. Some research has indicated that chronic everyday media multitasking is related to errors in our ability to hold and use information in mind (working memory) and our ability to retrieve information (long-term memory), says Madore, but he adds that more research is needed to determine the direction of causality. Disponvel em: https://www.discovermagazine.com/. Acesso em: 16 maio 2021. Multitasking is a fairly common behavior today. Present research indicates multitasking

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase) Baseando-se no grfico, assinale a alternativa que apresenta motivos que, juntos, provocam maior estresse entre os norte-americanos.

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA) Com base nas informaes contidas no grfico, assinale a alternativa que NO representa sua temtica.