(UNESP - 2018/2 - 2 FASE)Leia o texto para respond

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 2ª FASE)

Leia o texto para responder, em português, a questão

Keep your head up: how smartphone addiction kills manners and moods

The average human head weighs between 4.5 and 5.5 kilograms, and when we bend our neck to text or check Facebook on our smartphone, the gravitational pull on our head and the stress on our neck increases. That common position, pervasive among everyone from ordinary people to presidents, can damage the cervical spine curve. “Text neck” is becoming a medical issue that countless people suffer from, and the way we hang our heads has other health risks, too, according to a report published last year in The Spine Journal.

Posture has been proven to affect mood, behavior and memory, and frequent slouching can make us depressed, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The way we stand affects everything from the amount of energy we have to bone and muscle development, and even the amount of oxygen our lungs can take in. And the remedy can be ridiculously simple: just sit up.

Some 75 percent of Americans believe their smartphone usage doesn’t impact their ability to pay attention in a group setting, according to the Pew Research Center, and about a third of Americans believe that using phones in social settings actually contributes to the conversation. But does it? Etiquette experts and social scientists are adamantly united: no.

That “always-on” behavior that smartphones contribute to causes us to remove ourselves from our reality, experts said. And aside from the health consequences, if we’re head down, our communication skills and manners are slumped, too. But, ironically, that might not be how most of us see ourselves. “We think somehow that this antisocial behavior is not going to affect me,” said Niobe Way, professor of applied psychology at New York University.

Ms. Way studies technology’s role in shaping adolescent development. These head-down interactions take us away from the present, no matter what group we’re in, she said. And it’s not just a youth problem. It’s ingrained, learned, copied and repeated, much of it from mimicking adults. When kids see their parents head down, they emulate that action. The result is a loss of nonverbal cues, which can stunt development.

(Adam Popescu. www.nytimes.com, 25.01.2018. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o quinto parágrafo:

a) Além dos adultos, que grupos têm seu desenvolvimento prejudicado pelo comportamento de estar de “cabeça baixa” consultando o smartphone?

b) Como as crianças adquirem o comportamento de ficar de “cabeça baixa” e quais as consequências disso?