Questões de qu - UNICAMP | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNICAMP - 20034 - 2 fase - Questo 14) Leia atentamente o poema abaixo e responda: upon reading a critical review its difficult to accept and you look around the room for the person they are talking about. hes not there. hes not here. hes gone. by the time they get your book you are no longer your book. you are on the next page, the next book. and worse, they dont even get the old books right. you are given credit for things you dont deserve, for insights that arent there. people read themselves into books, altering what they need and discarding what they dont. good critics are as rare as good writers. and whether I get a good review or a bad one I take neither seriously. I am on the next page, the next book. Charles Bukowski. Betting on the Muse - Poems and Stories, BlackSparrow Press, 1996. a) De acordo com os versos de upon reading a critical review, tanto o poeta quanto sua obra esto sempre, de certo modo, fora do alcance da crtica. Por qu? b) Que tipo de crtico literrio levado a srio pelo poeta? c) A que se referem os pronomes you (na primeira estrofe) e he (na segunda estrofe)?

(UNICAMP - 2003 - 2 fase - Questo 9) Leia com ateno o poema que segue: Sida* aqueles que tm nome e nos telefonam um dia emagrecem partem deixam-nos dobrados ao abandono no interior duma dor intil muda e voraz arquivamos o amor no abismo do tempo e para l da pele negra do d esgosto pressentimos vivo o passageiro ardente das areias - o viajante que irradia um cheiro a violetas noturnas acendemos ento uma labareda nos dedos acordamos trmulos confusos - a mo queimada junto ao corao e mais nada se move na centrifugao dos segundos - tudo nos falta nem a vida nem o que dela resta nos consola a ausncia fulgura na aurora das manhs e com o rosto ainda sujo de sono ouvimos o rumor do corpo a encher-se de mgoa assim guardamos as nuvens breves os gestos os invernos o repouso a sonolncia o evento arrastando para longe as imagens difusas daqueles que amamos e no voltaram a telefonar. Al Berto**. Horto de Incndio. Lisboa, Assrio e Alvim, 1997. *Sida: sndrome de imuno-deficincia adquirida, a denominao que em pases europeus deu-se doena conhecida no Brasil como aids. **O autor do poema atualmente um dos mais reconhecidos poetas em Portugal. a) Considerando o tema deste poema, como se pode entender a frase aqueles que tm nome? b) Na segunda estrofe, o poema fala em arquivar o amor e em pressentir vivo o passageiro ardente . Analise essa aparente contradio. c) Na quarta estrofe, quando o poema sugere a transformao da intensidade amorosa em carncia (tudo nos falta), um verso traduz com perfeio a conjugao entre a intensidade amorosa e seu esvaziamento. Qual esse verso?

(UNICAMP - 2003- 2 fase - Questo 15) A new magazine For the modern Women of Kabul Not a bikini in sight THE women of Afghanistan now have their own magazine, backed by Elle, a stylish French publication. But the more conservative forces in the country need not worry, at least not yet. The 36-page monthly does not feature the latest bikini collection or tips on liposuction. The magazine, called Roz (the Day) is printed in black and white, the best that Afghan technology can provide at the moment. The articles, in Pushtu and Darithe main Afghan idiomswith some translated into French and English, offer advice on daily life, health, hair and skin care, and parenting. There is some poetry and fiction, and the unavoidable horoscope. Following the fall of the Taliban, a group of Afghan women led by Laiorna Ahmadi, a former radio journalist, planned the magazine, but had no money. Over the years Elle has run many articles on Afghan women. Now it and its parent company, Hachette Filipacchi, have provided Miss Ahmadi and her team with publishing equipment and the money to get things moving. She has a staff of four and some freelance contributors. The first issue of 1,500 copies, published this month, was free. Future ones will cost the equivalent of 20 cents. The market at present is small. Afghans are poor: 20 cents buys two loaves of bread. Eight Afghan women out of ten cannot read. But, says Miss Ahmadi, at least the two who can now have something written for them. The Economist, 27 de abril de 2002 a) O que vem a ser Roz? b) De que modo Elle participou da criao de Roz? c) Por que, de acordo com o texto, as foras conservadoras do Afeganisto ainda no precisam se preocupar com Roz?

(UNICAMP - 2003- 2 fase - Questo 18) THE BEAUTIFUL ANTHEM Win or lose, Brazil has the best tune Try to be in front of your television by 7.20am tomorrow to catch another of Brazils great gifts to human happiness. With France gone, Brazil now possesses the best national anthem left in the 2002 World Cup. First penned by Francisco da Silva in 1841, the Hino Nacional is arguably the jauntiest, cheeriest, most tuneful and most beguiling national anthem on the planet. It feels as if it comes ready composed from the opera house, and the influence of Rossini is hard to miss, though scholars now think Da Silva may have cribbed the tune from a religious work by his teacher, Jos Nunes Garcia. Admirers have included the Creole composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk, who wrote a set of variations for piano and orchestra on it that are well worth hearing. In his book Futebol: the Brazilian Way of Life, our South America correspondent, Alex Bellos, explains how the Englishman Charles Miller first brought football to Brazil. But by the time Miller arrived at Santos in 1894, the Hino Nacional had long expressed in song what Pele and his successors later expressed so wonderfully on the field. While the Marseillaise makes bellicose calls to arms, the Hino Nacional stirs national feelings by appeals to Brazils pure beauteous skies, its sound of the sea and the flowers of its fair smiling fields. A natural setting for the beautiful game. When Rivaldo and Ronaldo put another two goals past Belgium on Monday, thus setting up tomorrows quarter-final with England, the London Evening Standard led its later editions with a huge one-word headline. It said simply: BRAZIL! Quite a tribute. It is hard to imagine any other country whose mere name could be used in such a way with such confidence, in the certainty that the readers would react with pleasure and excitement. Were England to be playing Argentina, Germany, France or Italy tomorrow, expectation would be mixed with fear. To play Brazil, on the other hand, is simply a delight and an honour. O artigo acima, publicado no jornal britnico The Guardian, no dia 20 de julho de 2002, tem como tema o Brasil. a) O que o texto enaltece a respeito de nosso pas? b) Por que o The Guardian julgou pertinente publicar esse artigo nessa data especfica? c) Caso o resultado do jogo Brasil x Blgica tivesse sido outro, como teriam se sentido os torcedores ingleses? Por qu?

ORIENTAO GERAL Escolha do tema: Escolha um dos trs temas propostos para redao e assinale sua escolha no alto da pgina de resposta. Voc deve desenvolver o tema conforme o tipo de texto indicado, segundo as instrues que se encontram na orientao dada ao tema escolhido. Coletnea de textos: Os textos que acompanham cada tema foram tirados de fontes diversas e apresentam fatos, dados, opinies e argumentos relacionados com o tema geral EVOLUO/PROGRESSO. So textos como aqueles a que voc est exposto na sua vida diria de leitor de jornais, revistas ou livros, e que voc deve saber ler e comentar. Leia a coletnea e utilize-a segundo as instrues especficas dadas para o tema escolhido. Se quiser, pode valer-se tambm de informaes que julgar importantes, mesmo que tenham sido includas nas propostas dos outros temas ou nos enunciados das questes desta prova. TEMA A ATENO: SE VOC NO SEGUIR AS INSTRUES RELATIVAS A ESTE TEMA, SUA REDAO SER ANULADA. A palavra evoluo tem sido usada em vrios sentidos, especialmente de mudana e de progresso, seja no campo da biologia, seja nas cincias humanas. Tendo em mente esses diversos sentidos, e considerando a coletnea abaixo, escreva uma dissertao em torno da seguinte afirmao do filsofo Bertrand Russel (Unpopular Essays, 1959): A mudana indubitvel, mas o progresso uma questo controversa. 1. Evoluo significa um desenvolvimento ordenado. Podemos dizer, por exemplo, que os automveis modernos evoluram a partir das carruagens. Freqentemente, os cientistas usam palavras num sentido especial, mas quando falam de evoluo de climas, continentes, planetas ou estrelas, esto falando de desenvolvimento ordenado. Na maioria dos livros cientficos, entretanto, a palavra se refere evoluo orgnica, ou seja, teoria da evoluo aplicada a seres vivos. Essa teoria diz que as plantas e animais se modificaram gerao aps gerao, e que ainda esto se modificando hoje em dia. Uma vez que essa mudana tem-se prolongado atravs das eras, tudo o que vive atualmente na Terra descende, com muitas alteraes, de outros seres que viveram h milhares e at milhes de anos atrs. (Enciclopdia Delta Universal, vol. 6, p. 3134.) 2. Quando se focalizou a lngua, historicamente, no sculo XIX, as mudanas que ela sofre atravs do tempo foram concebidas dentro da idia geral de evoluo. A evoluo, como sabemos, foi um conceito tpico daquela poca. Surgiu ele nas cincias da natureza, e depois, por analog ia, se estendeu s cincias do homem. (...) Do ponto de vista das cincias do homem em geral, a plenitude era entendida como o advento de um estado de civilizao superior, e os povos eram vistos como seguindo fases evolutivas at chegar a uma final, superior, que seria o pice de sua evoluo. (Mattoso Cmara, 1977. Introduo s lnguas indgenas brasileiras. Rio de Janeiro, Ao Livro Tcnico. p. 66.) 3. Progresso, portanto, no um acidente, mas uma necessidade... uma parte da natureza. (Herbert Spencer, Social Statics, 1850, cap. 2, seo 4.) 4. Ator 1 - Com o passar dos sculos - o homem sempre foi muito lento - tendo desgastado um quadrado de pedra e desenvolvido uma coisa que acabou chamando de roda, o homem chegou, porm, a uma concluso decepc ionante - a roda s servia para rodar. Portanto, deixemos claro que a roda no teve a menor importncia na Histria. Que interessa uma roda rodando? A idia verdadeiramente genial foi a de colocar uma carga em cima da roda e, na frente, puxando a carga, um homem pobre. Pois umacoisa definitiva: a maior conquista do homem foi outro homem. O outro homem virou escravo e, durante sculos, foi usado como transporte (liteira), ar refrigerado (abano), lavanderia, e at esgoto, carregando os tonis de coc da gente fina. (Millr Fernandes. A Histria uma histria. Porto Alegre, LPM, 1978.) 5. Na histria evolucionria, relativamente curta, documentada pelos restos fsseis, o homem no aperfeioou seu equipamento hereditrio atravs de modificaes corporais perceptveis em seu esqueleto. No obstante, pde ajustar-se a um nmero maior de ambientes do que qualquer outra criatura, multiplicar-se infinitamente mais depressa do que qualquer parente prximo entre os mamferos superiores, e derrotar o urso polar, a lebre, o gavio, o tigre, em seus recursos especiais. Pelo controle do fogo e pela habilidade de fazer roupas e casas, o homem pode viver, e vive e viceja, desde o Crculo rtico at o Equador. Nos trens e carros que constri, pode superar a mais rpida lebre ou avestruz. Nos avies, pode subir mais alto que a guia, e, com os telescpios, ver mais longe que o gavio. Com armas de fogo, pode derrubar animais que nem o tigre ousa atacar. Mas fogo, roupas, casas, trens, avies, telescpios e revlveres no so, devemos repetir, parte do corpo do homem. Pode coloc-los de lado sua vontade. Eles no so herdados no sentido biolgico, mas o conhecimento necessrio para sua produo e uso parte do nosso legado social, resultado de uma tradio acumulada por muitas geraes, e transmitida, no pelo sangue, mas atravs da fala e da escrita. (Gordon Childe. A evoluo cultural do homem. Rio de Janeiro, Zahar, 1966. p. 39-40.) 6. O homem pode ser desculpado por sentir algum orgulho por ter subido, ainda que no por seus prprios esforos, ao topo da escala orgnica; e o fato de ter subido assim, em vez de ter sido primitivamente colocado l, pode dar-lhe esperanas de ter um destino ainda mais alto em um futuro distante. (Charles Darwin, A descendncia do homem. www.gutenbergnet) 7. ... por causa de nossas aes, os ecossistemas do planeta esto visivelmente evoluindo de formas no previstas pelos seres humanos. Algumas vezes, as mudanas parecem pequenas. Tomemos o caso das rs e das salamandras nas Ilhas Britnicas. Os invernos esto mais quentes nessa regio, devido a mudanas de clima causadas pelos seres humanos. Isso significa que as lagoas onde aqueles animais se reproduzem esto mais quentes. Assim, as salamandras (Triturus) comearam a se acasalar mais cedo. Mas as rs (Rana temporaria) no. De modo que a desova das rs est virando almoo das salamandras. possvel que as lagoas britnicas em que h salamandras continuem por dezenas e dezenas de anos cada vez com menos rs. E ento, um dia, o ecossistema da lagoa desmorona... (Adaptado de Alanna Mitchell, Bad Evolution, The Globe and Mail Saturday, 4/5/2002.) 8. Em que consiste, em ltima anlise, o progresso social? No desenvolvimento do melhor modo possvel dos recursos havidos da natureza, da qual tiramos a subsistncia, e no apuro dos sentimentos altrusticos, que tornam a vida cada vez mais suave, permitindo uma cordialidade maior entre os homens, uma solidariedade mais perfeita, um interesse maior pela felicidade comum, um horror crescente pelas injustias e iniqidades... (Manuel Bonfim, A Amrica Latina: Males de origem. Rio de Janeiro/Paris, H. Garnier, s/d.)

(UNICAMP - 2003- 2 fase - Questo 17) A new magazine For the modern Women of Kabul Not a bikini in sight THE women of Afghanistan now have their own magazine, backed by Elle, a stylish French publication. But the more conservative forces in the country need not worry, at least not yet. The 36-page monthly does not feature the latest bikini collection or tips on liposuction. The magazine, called Roz (the Day) is printed in black and white, the best that Afghan technology can provide at the moment. The articles, in Pushtu and Darithe main Afghan idiomswith some translated into French and English, offer advice on daily life, health, hair and skin care, and parenting. There is some poetry and fiction, and the unavoidable horoscope. Following the fall of the Taliban, a group of Afghan women led by Laiorna Ahmadi, a former radio journalist, planned the magazine, but had no money. Over the years Elle has run many articles on Afghan women. Now it and its parent company, Hachette Filipacchi, have provided Miss Ahmadi and her team with publishing equipment and the money to get things moving. She has a staff of four and some freelance contributors. The first issue of 1,500 copies, published this month, was free. Future ones will cost the equivalent of 20 cents. The market at present is small. Afghans are poor: 20 cents buys two loaves of bread. Eight Afghan women out of ten cannot read. But, says Miss Ahmadi, at least the two who can now have something written for them. The Economist, 27 de abril de 2002 a) O que so Pushtu e Dari? b) Por que Roz no deve atingir um grande pblico? c) Mesmo no atingindo um grande pblico, Lailoma Ahmadi justifica a existncia de Roz. Qual o argumento utilizado pela jornalista afeg?

(UNICAMP - 2003- 2 fase - Questo 19) THE BEAUTIFUL ANTHEM Win or lose, Brazil has the best tune Try to be in front of your television by 7.20am tomorrow to catch another of Brazils great gifts to human happiness. With France gone, Brazil now possesses the best national anthem left in the 2002 World Cup. First penned by Francisco da Silva in 1841, the Hino Nacional is arguably the jauntiest, cheeriest, most tuneful and most beguiling national anthem on the planet. It feels as if it comes ready composed from the opera house, and the influence of Rossini is hard to miss, though scholars now think Da Silva may have cribbed the tune from a religious work by his teacher, Jos Nunes Garcia. Admirers have included the Creole composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk, who wrote a set of variations for piano and orchestra on it that are well worth hearing. In his book Futebol: the Brazilian Way of Life, our South America correspondent, Alex Bellos, explains how the Englishman Charles Miller first brought football to Brazil. But by the time Miller arrived at Santos in 1894, the Hino Nacional had long expressed in song what Pele and his successors later expressed so wonderfully on the field. While the Marseillaise makes bellicose calls to arms, the Hino Nacional stirs national feelings by appeals to Brazils pure beauteous skies, its sound of the sea and the flowers of its fair smiling fields. A natural setting for the beautiful game. When Rivaldo and Ronaldo put another two goals past Belgium on Monday, thus setting up tomorrows quarter-final with England, the London Evening Standard led its later editions with a huge one-word headline. It said simply: BRAZIL! Quite a tribute. It is hard to imagine any other country whose mere name could be used in such a way with such confidence, in the certainty that the readers would react with pleasure and excitement. Were England to be playing Argentina, Germany, France or Italy tomorrow, expectation would be mixed with fear. To play Brazil, on the other hand, is simply a delight and an honour. a) O que aconteceu de relevante para o Brasil em 1841 e 1894? b) Por que Rossini mencionado no texto? c) Qual a diferena de tema entre o hino nacional francs e o hino nacional brasileiro?

ORIENTAO GERAL Escolha do tema: Escolha um dos trs temas propostos para redao e assinale sua escolha no alto da pgina de resposta. Voc deve desenvolver o tema conforme o tipo de texto indicado, segundo as instrues que se encontram na orientao dada ao tema escolhido. Coletnea de textos: Os textos que acompanham cada tema foram tirados de fontes diversas e apresentam fatos, dados, opinies e argumentos relacionados com o tema geral EVOLUO/PROGRESSO. So textos como aqueles a que voc est exposto na sua vida diria de leitor de jornais, revistas ou livros, e que voc deve saber ler e comentar. Leia a coletnea e utilize-a segundo as instrues especficas dadas para o tema escolhido. Se quiser, pode valer-se tambm de informaes que julgar importantes, mesmo que tenham sido includas nas propostas dos outros temas ou nos enunciados das questes desta prova. TEMA B ATENO: SE VOC NO SEGUIR AS INSTRUES RELATIVAS A ESTE TEMA, SUA REDAO SER ANULADA. No sculo XXII, um cientista resolve criar o homem perfeito. Para tanto, desenvolve um acelerador gentico, capaz de realizar em pouco tempo um processo que supostamente duraria milnios. Aplica o engenho a um pequeno nmero de cobaias humanas que, idade propcia, so inseridas na sociedade, para cumprirem seu destino. Dessas cobaias, uma suicidou-se, outra tornou-se um criminoso, outra, presidente da repblica. A quarta voc, a quem cabe atestar o xito ou o fracasso do experimento. Componha uma narrativa em primeira pessoa que contenha aes que justifiquem o desfecho das histrias de seus companheiros; um desfecho inteiramente diferente para sua prpria histria.

(UNICAMP - 2003 - 2 fase - Questo 6) As equaes e representam duas circunferncias cujos centros esto sobre o eixo das abscissas. a) Encontre, se existirem, os pontos de interseco daquelas circunferncias. b) Encontre o valor de a R , , de modo que duas retas que passam pelo ponto (a,0) sejam tangentes s duas circunferncias.

(UNICAMP - 2003- 2 fase - Questo 20) AIDS: An Endless Battle? No one expected last weeks 14th International AIDS Conference in Barcelona to be a festive affair. But the dismal revelations of the conference were still shocking. Every day 15,000 people are infected by the HIV virus. Women make up 58 percent of the 28.5 million sub-Saharan Africans who are HIV-positive. (This will cut birth rates dramatically in the coming years). And fewer than 4 percent of the 6 million people in the world who have AIDS receive adequate anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs). The list of sobering data is almost endless. Even seemingly positive news was in fact negative: the announcement of a U.S. donation of $500 million over the next year and a half to prevent mother-to-child transmission and improve health-caredelivery systems in 12 African nations and the Caribean was drowned out by calls for much more and by boos and jeers. Hopes of a vaccine are few and far between. Although VaxGen hopes to have results of clinical trials for its vaccine by early next year, most believe it will fail like all those before it. Even if does work, it would fight only the B-strain HIV virus, which is common in Europe and North America, not the A-strain dominant in Africa. But there was some actual good news. Brazil, by producing its own generic ARVs and distributing them free since 1996, has managed to halve its rate of AIDS-related deaths. The countrys representatives announced last week that Brazil would try to help other Third World nations to improve their capability to develop their own generic drugs. Oxfam also announced that countries that have successfully developed their own generic drugs have in turn created more competitive markets, forcing large pharmaceutical companies to lower the prices of their own patented AIDS drugs. And Mdecins Sans Frontires presented the results of a study proving the feasibility of treatment in diverse health-care settings like poor townships and rural clinics. None of these moves - nor Sesame Streets announcement that it will introduce an HIV-positive Muppet on its South African version in order to educate children will be the cure. But they are all small steps. And at this stage of AIDS war, the world needs to take any kind of step it can. MALCOLM BEITH Newsweek, julho de 2002 a) Considerando o universo total de pessoas infectadas por HIV hoje no mundo, quantas recebem tratamento adequado para a doena? b) Como foi recebida a proposta de ajuda dos Estados Unidos? c) Qual a expectativa dos participantes do congresso em relao ao anncio da nova vacina?

(UNICAMP - 2003 - 2 fase - Questo 21) AIDS: An Endless Battle? No one expected last weeks 14th International AIDS Conference in Barcelona to be a festive affair. But the dismal revelations of the conference were still shocking. Every day 15,000 people are infected by the HIV virus. Women make up 58 percent of the 28.5 million sub-Saharan Africans who are HIV-positive. (This will cut birth rates dramatically in the coming years). And fewer than 4 percent of the 6 million people in the world who have AIDS receive adequate anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs). The list of sobering data is almost endless. Even seemingly positive news was in fact negative: the announcement of a U.S. donation of $500 million over the next year and a half to prevent mother-to-child transmission and improve health-caredelivery systems in 12 African nations and the Caribean was drowned out by calls for much more and by boos and jeers. Hopes of a vaccine are few and far between. Although VaxGen hopes to have results of clinical trials for its vaccine by early next year, most believe it will fail like all those before it. Even if does work, it would fight only the B-strain HIV virus, which is common in Europe and North America, not the A-strain dominant in Africa. But there was some actual good news. Brazil, by producing its own generic ARVs and distributing them free since 1996, has managed to halve its rate of AIDS-related deaths. The countrys representatives announced last week that Brazil would try to help other Third World nations to improve their capability to develop their own generic drugs. Oxfam also announced that countries that have successfully developed their own generic drugs have in turn created more competitive markets, forcing large pharmaceutical companies to lower the prices of their own patented AIDS drugs. And Mdecins Sans Frontires presented the results of a study proving the feasibility of treatment in diverse health-care settings like poor townships and rural clinics. None of these moves - nor Sesame Streets announcement that it will introduce an HIV-positive Muppet on its South African version in order to educate children will be the cure. But they are all small steps. And at this stage of AIDS war, the world needs to take any kind of step it can. MALCOLM BEITH Newsweek, julho de 2002 O texto revela um quadro desalentador no que concerne AIDS em solo africano, apontando duas evidncias nesse sentido. Explicite-as.

(UNICAMP - 2003- 2 fase - Questo 24) Old, strange Albion ENGLAND NEVER FINISHES what she starts. She was the first European country to topple monarchy and have a king beheaded, but it wasnt until a century later that the republican revolution that counted took place in France. England set off the Industrial Revolution, yet she is the least advanced, in technological terms, of the industrial countries. Karl Marx wrote Capital in the British Museum and regarded England as the epitome of an industrial state heading for social upheaval; the upheaval took place in Russia. England never underwent a social revolution: her class structure was impervious to the Industrial Revolution, to several periods of economic depression, to two world wars, and to the rise and fall of her empire. The seats of all empires experienced an identity crisis with the twilight of their imperial domination not so England. She just packed and went back home, with nothing learned. The Beatles dream began in Liverpool but flourished in Woodstock, in the United States, and was over in California. The English invented soccer but won the World Cup just once, at home in 1966, and some say that it was with undue help from a referee. a) O trecho do artigo que faz referncia a Karl Marx pode ser interpretado como sendo irnico. Por qu? b) O autor afirma que a estrutura de classes na Inglaterra parece no ter sido afetada por acontecimentos que marcaram a histria mundial. Cite um desses acontecimentos. c) De acordo com o texto, que efeito teve para a Inglaterra a queda de seu imprio? Justifique.

(UNICAMP - 2003- 2 fase - Questo 22) AIDS: An Endless Battle? No one expected last weeks 14th International AIDS Conference in Barcelona to be a festive affair. But the dismal revelations of the conference were still shocking. Every day 15,000 people are infected by the HIV virus. Women make up 58 percent of the 28.5 million sub-Saharan Africans who are HIV-positive. (This will cut birth rates dramatically in the coming years). And fewer than 4 percent of the 6 million people in the world who have AIDS receive adequate anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs). The list of sobering data is almost endless. Even seemingly positive news was in fact negative: the announcement of a U.S. donation of $500 million over the next year and a half to prevent mother-to-child transmission and improve health-caredelivery systems in 12 African nations and the Caribean was drowned out by calls for much more and by boos and jeers. Hopes of a vaccine are few and far between. Although VaxGen hopes to have results of clinical trials for its vaccine by early next year, most believe it will fail like all those before it. Even if does work, it would fight only the B-strain HIV virus, which is common in Europe and North America, not the A-strain dominant in Africa. But there was some actual good news. Brazil, by producing its own generic ARVs and distributing them free since 1996, has managed to halve its rate of AIDS-related deaths. The countrys representatives announced last week that Brazil would try to help other Third World nations to improve their capability to develop their own generic drugs. Oxfam also announced that countries that have successfully developed their own generic drugs have in turn created more competitive markets, forcing large pharmaceutical companies to lower the prices of their own patented AIDS drugs. And Mdecins Sans Frontires presented the results of a study proving the feasibility of treatment in diverse health-care settings like poor townships and rural clinics. None of these moves - nor Sesame Streets announcement that it will introduce an HIV-positive Muppet on its South African version in order to educate children will be the cure. But they are all small steps. And at this stage of AIDS war, the world needs to take any kind of step it can. MALCOLM BEITH Newsweek, julho de 2002 A utilizao de medicamentos genricos para o tratamento da AIDS teve, de acordo com o texto, duas conseqncias positivas. Quais so elas?

(UNICAMP - 2003- 2 fase - Questo 23) Old, strange Albion ENGLAND NEVER FINISHES what she starts. She was the first European country to topple monarchy and have a king beheaded, but it wasnt until a century later that the republican revolution that counted took place in France. England set off the Industrial Revolution, yet she is the least advanced, in technological terms, of the industrial countries. Karl Marx wrote Capital in the British Museum and regarded England as the epitome of an industrial state heading for social upheaval; the upheaval took place in Russia. England never underwent a social revolution: her class structure was impervious to the Industrial Revolution, to several periods of economic depression, to two world wars, and to the rise and fall of her empire. The seats of all empires experienced an identity crisis with the twilight of their imperial domination not so England. She just packed and went back home, with nothing learned. The Beatles dream began in Liverpool but flourished in Woodstock, in the United States, and was over in California. The English invented soccer but won the World Cup just once, at home in 1966, and some say that it was with undue help from a referee. a) Qual o argumento central do texto? b) Por que o autor menciona o fato de a Inglaterra ter decapitado um de seus reis para nos convencer desse argumento? c) Em que sentido a meno Revoluo Industrial refora esse mesmo argumento?

(UNICAMP - 2003 - 2 fase - Questo 12) Leia atentamente o poema abaixo, de autoria de Cacaso: H UMA GOTA DE SANGUE NO CARTO POSTAL eu sou manhoso eu sou brasileiro finjo que vou mas no vou minha janela a moldura do luar do serto a verde mata nos olhos verdes da mulata sou brasileiro e manhoso por isso dentro da noite e de meu quarto fico cismando [na beira de um rio na imensa solido de latidos e araras lvido de medo e de amor (Antonio Carlos de Brito (CACASO), Beijo na boca . Rio de Janeiro, 7 Letras, 2000. p. 12.) a) Este poema de Cacaso (1944-1987) dialoga com vrias vozes que falaram sobre a paisagem e o homem brasileiros. Justifique a referncia ao carto postal do ttulo, atravs de expresses usadas na primeira estrofe. b) O poema se constri sobre uma imagem suposta de brasileiro. Qual essa imagem? c) Quais as expresses poticas que desmentem a felicidade obrigatria do eu do poema?