Questões de Inglês - UNICAMP | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNICAMP - 2023- 1 fase) COVID AND SMELL LOSS: SOME ANSWERS EMERGE Researchers are making headway in understanding how coronavirus causes loss of smell. Several potential treatments to tackle the condition are undergoing clinical trials, including steroids and blood plasma. Recently, a study surveyed 616,318 people in the United States who have had COVID-19. It found that, compared with those who had been infected with the original virus, people who had contracted the Alpha variant were 50% as likely to have chemosensory disruption. This probability fell to 44% for the Delta variant, and to 17% for Omicron. However, a significant portion of people infected early in the pandemic still experience chemosensory effects. A 2021 study followed 100 people who had had mild cases of COVID-19 and 100 people who repeatedly tested negative. More than a year after their infections, 46% of those who had had COVID-19 still had smell problems; by contrast, just 10% of the control group had developed some smell loss, but for other reasons. Furthermore, 7% of those who had been infected still had total smell loss, or anosmia, at the end of the year. Given that more than 500 million cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed worldwide, tens of millions of people probably have lingering smell problems. (Adaptado de: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01589-z. Acesso em 22/06/2022.) Segundo o texto,

(UNICAMP - 2023- 1 fase) Leia, a seguir, parte de um discurso da abolicionista estadunidense Sojourner Truth, feito em 1851. I think that twixt the negroes of the South and the women at the North, all talking about rights, the white men will be in a fix pretty soon. But whats all this here talking about? That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And aint I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And aint I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man when I could get it and bear the lash as well! And aint I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mothers grief, none but Jesus heard me! And aint I a woman? () (Disponvel em: https://www.nps.gov/articles/sojourner-truth.htm. Acesso em 24/05/2022.) Ao longo do discurso, Sojourner Truth repete a mesma pergunta com a finalidade de

(UNICAMP - 2023- 1 fase) O Coronavirus Resource Center (CRC) da Johns Hopkins University uma importante plataforma de dados sobre a COVID-19, com atualizaes frequentes sobre a evoluo da pandemia. Os grficos apresentados nas alternativas que respondem a esta questo foram retirados desta plataforma. Considere, agora, o contexto fictcio de uma palestra ministrada em uma universidade estrangeira por um pesquisadorbrasileiro. Na ocasio, o cientista fez comentrios sobre a situao da pandemia no Brasil, valendo-se de dados da plataforma do CRC: As I speak now, in June of 2022, I can say weve had a tough time during these past two years in our country. This chart, indicating the number of daily deaths over time, shows how weve had a couple of months during the pandemic in which the number of daily deaths was over two thousand. Despite having the number of deaths spike to 3 thousand last year our highest peak to date levels had been steadily decreasing ever since. This year, though, there was a slight increase in the number of daily deaths, which nearly reached levels attained towards the beginning of the pandemic. (Fonte dos grficos: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu. Acesso em 11/06/2022.) Qual dos grficos a seguir ilustraria corretamente a fala do pesquisador?

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 2 fase) In May 2021, the International Society for Stem Cell Research released new guidelines that relaxed the 14-day rule, an international consensus that human embryos should be cultured and grown in the lab only until 14 days postfertilization. The change allows scientists, in countries where it is legal, to seek permission to continue research beyond this point. Roughly between days 14 and 22, the embryo enters gastrulation. Studying later stages would allow scientists to better understand the nearly one-third of pregnancy losses and numerous congenital disabilities thought to be triggered at these points in development. (Adaptado de The future of lab-grown embryos - 03 set 2021;Nature News - https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02400-1. Acessado em 16/09/2021.) As respostas devem ser apresentadas em portugus. a) Explique o que a regra dos 14 dias. De acordo com o texto, que mudana essa regra sofreu recentemente e quais so os seus impactos? b) Considerando as informaes do texto e a figura dos estgios iniciais da embriognese humana, qual o perodo aproximado da implantao do embrio e onde ela ocorre? Qual a importncia da gastrulao na embriognese?

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 2 fase) Leia o texto a seguir e responda, em portugus, s perguntas. The Genocide Convention was the first human rights treaty adopted by the United Nations in December 1948 and marked the international communitys commitment to never again after the atrocities committed during the Second World War. According to the document, genocide is a crime that can take place both in time of war as well as in time of peace. According to Article II of the Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: Killing members of the group; Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction; Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. (Adaptado de https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide-convention.shtml. Acessado em 17/09/2021.) a) Por que a adoo do documento significativa para a histria? Cite e explique o acontecimento histrico que levou criao desse documento. b) Alm do assassinato de membros de um grupo especfico, cite outro ato que, segundo o Artigo II da conveno, caracteriza o genocdio. Em seguida, cite e contextualize um crime de genocdio ocorrido aps a adoo da Conveno oficialmente reconhecido pela ONU.

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 1 fase - Caderno R) A palavra cringe viralizou nas redes sociais no Brasil em 2021. Observe sua definio, em portugus, apontada pelo Dicionrio Informal on-line: Veja, agora, a definio da mesma palavra pelo Cambridge Dictionary, tambm em verso on-line: (Disponvel em: https://www.dicionarioinformal.com.br/diferenca-entre/crin ge/ingls/; https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/cringe. Acessado em 05/07/2021.) Com base nessas duas definies, pode-se dizer que, em portugus, a palavra cringe

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 1 fase - Caderno R) Em artigo publicado em 14 de junho de 2020, o jornal The Straits Times, de Singapura, apresentou os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a percepo dos respondentes a respeito das profisses mais essenciais durante a pandemia. A imagem a seguir revela algumas estatsticas obtidas com base nessas respostas. Em um post em sua rede social, o comediante Rishi Budhrani comentou esses resultados: (Disponvel em https://creativefolk.co.uk/artists-topping-poll-as-non-essenti al-sparks-outrage/. Acessado em 09/06/2021.) Pode-se dizer que Budhrani

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 1 fase - Caderno R) Em 2020, Joaquin Phoenix ganhou o Oscar de melhor ator por sua interpretao no filme Coringa, de 2019. Apresenta-se, a seguir, um trecho de seu discurso na ocasio. I think whether were talking about gender inequality or racism or queer rights or indigenous rights or animal rights, were talking about the fight against injustice. Were talking about the fight against the belief that one nation, one people, one race, one gender, or one species has the right to dominate, control, and use and exploit another with impunity. I think that weve become very disconnected from the natural world, and many of us, what were guilty of, is an egocentric worldview: the belief that were the center of the universe. We go into the natural world, and we plunder it for its resources. We feel entitled to artificially inseminate a cow, and when she gives birth, we steal her baby even though her cries of anguish are unmistakable. Then we take her milk thats intended for her calf, and we put it in our coffee and our cereal. (Adaptado de https://www.rev.com/blog/transcripts/joaquin-phoenix-oscaracceptance-speech-transcript-phoenix-wins-for-joker. Acessado em 02/07/ 2021.) Em seu discurso, o ator

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 1 fase - Caderno R) On a summer night in 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn, a bar in New York City that served as a haven for the citys gay, lesbian, and transgender community. Back then, homosexual acts were illegal in every state in the USA except Illinois, and bars and restaurants could get shut down for having gay employees or serving gay patrons. Most gay bars in New York at the time (including the Stonewall) were operated by the Mafia, who paid corruptible police officers to look the other way and blackmailed wealthy gay patrons by threatening to out them. Police raids on gay bars were common, but on that particular night, members of the citys LGBTQIA+ community decided to fight back, sparking an uprising that would launch a new era of resistance and revolution. Though the gay rights movement didnt begin at Stonewall, the uprising did mark a turning point, as earlier homophile organizations like the Mattachine Society gave way to more radical groups like the Gay Liberation Front and the Gay Activists Alliance. (Adaptado de https://www.history.com/news/stonewall-riots-timeline. Acessado em 04/06/2021.) De acordo com o texto, os protestos de Stonewall representaram

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 1 fase - Caderno R) There is no evidence that hydroxychloroquine helps Covid-19 patients. So why is Congress still discussing it? By Ashish Jha Dean of the Brown University School of Public Health Nov 24, 2020. Last week, in the United States Senate, the conversation was all about the drug hydroxychloroquine. There has been no evidence that hydroxychloroquine improves outcomes for Covid-19 patients; some studies have found that it causes more harm than good. The hearing and the theater around it reflect the disinformation campaigns that have undermined belief in science. Neither Ron Johnson, the Wisconsin senator who is the chairman of the committee, nor his chosen witnesses showed more than a passing interest in evidence. Intuition and the personal experiences of individual doctors were the guiding principles. Early in the pandemic, President Trump referred to hydroxychloroquine as a game changer; I feel good about it, he said. Thats not how we practice medicine. We have to protect lives through public health measures while we await widespread vaccinations. By endorsing unfounded therapies, we risk jeopardizing a centurys work of medical progress. Do we really want to go back to not using the best evidence to decide which treatments work? Do we want to let politicians prescribe our medications? Science and evidence are the tools we use to know what is true. They are the foundation of modern medicine and public health. (Adaptado de https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/24/opinion/hydroxychloro quine-covid.html. Acessado em 06/06/2021.) Com base no texto, assinale a alternativa que responde pergunta apresentada no ttulo do artigo.

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 1 fase - Caderno R) O trecho a seguir pertence ao romance The Bell Jar (A Redoma de Vidro), da escritora estadunidense Sylvia Plath. From the tip of every branch, like a fat purple fig, a wonderful future beckoned and winked. One fig was a husband and a happy home and children, and another fig was a famous poet and another fig was a brilliant professor, () and beyond and above these figs were many more figs I couldnt quite make out. () I wanted each and every one of them, but choosing one meant losing all the rest, and, as I sat there, unable to decide, the figs began to wrinkle and go black, and, one by one, they plopped to the ground at my feet. (Disponvel em https://www.ted.com/talks/iseult_gillespie_why_should_you _ read_sylvia _plath. Acessado em 20/07/2021.) Qual das imagens representa melhor a reflexo principal do excerto?

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 1 fase - Caderno R) Gaslighting is a form of psychological abuse where a person or group makes someone question their sanity, perception of reality, or memories. People experiencing gaslighting often feel confused, anxious, and unable to trust themselves. The term gaslighting derives from the 1938 play and 1944 film Gaslight, in which a husband manipulates his wife into thinking she has a mental illness by dimming their gas-fueled lights and telling her she is hallucinating. While anyone can experience gaslighting, it is especially common in intimate relationships and in social interactions where there is an imbalance of power. A person who is on the receiving end of this behavior is experiencing abuse. (Disponvel em https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-of-gaslig hting. Acessado em 02/06/2021.) Assinale o depoimento feminino que ilustra a prtica discutida no texto. (Alternativas adaptadas de https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2017/09/15/internacio nal/1505472042_655999.html; https://revistamarieclaire.globo.com/Comportame nto/noticia/2019/03; https://emais.estadao.com.br/noticias/comportamento,vocabulario-feminista-conheca-dez-termos-importantes-para-o-movimento,70002805322; https://www.justificando.com/2017/11/16/meu-cerebro-minhas-ideias/.)

(UNICAMP - 2022 - 1 fase - Caderno R) A poeta e ativista palestina Rafeef Ziadah estava participando da cobertura jornalstica do massacre em Gaza quando um jornalista no-palestino perguntou-lhe se as coisas no seriam melhores se os palestinos parassem de ensinar o dio s suas crianas. Em resposta a essa pergunta, Ziadah comps o poema We teach life, sir, transcrito a seguir: Today, my body was a TVd massacre that had to fit into sound-bites and word limits. And I perfected my English and I learned my UN resolutions. But still, he asked me, Ms. Ziadah, dont you think that everything would be resolved if you would just stop teaching so much hatred to your children? Pause. I look inside of me for strength to be patient but patience is not at the tip of my tongue as the bombs drop over Gaza. Today, my body was a TVd massacre made to fit into sound-bites and word limits and move those that are desensitized to terrorist blood. And these are not two equal sides: occupier and occupied. And a hundred dead, two hundred dead, and a thousand dead. And between that, war crime, and massacre, I vent out words and smile not exotic, not terrorist. No sound-bite will fix this. We teach life, sir. (Adaptado de https://blissonature.wordpress.com/2011/11/17/rafeef-ziadahwe-teach-life-sir-text-transcription-lyrics-words-of-poem/. Acessado em 01/ 07/2021.) A partir da leitura do texto, depreende-se que

(UNICAMP - 2021 - 2 FASE) Texto A. Microplastics are tiny particles composed of plastic that have been becoming a worrisome problem in the oceans. Besides a direct contribution to pollution, microplastics can also release chemicals such as plasticizers and flame retardants into the water they are in. An investigation carried out by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science found that water temperature and salinity can have an effect on how much of these chemicals are released from microplastics, reinforcing the need to keep these materials out of the environment (Adaptado de https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/research/influence-environmental-conditions-contaminants-leaching-and-sorbing-marine-microplastic. Acessado em 30/09/2020.) Texto B. The Guppyfriend Washing Bag is the most effective hands-on solution against microplastic pollution from washing. It reduces fiber shedding and protects your clothes. It filters the few fibers that do break and its a reminder to change our washing rituals. (https://us.guppyfriend.com. Acessado em 30/09/2020.) (Na parte inferior da imagem, l-se: STOP Microwaste for a plastic free nature Microfiber Filter Solution) a) A partir da leitura do texto A, aponte uma consequncia indireta dos microplsticos para a poluio. Justifique quimicamente por que essa consequncia afetada pela temperatura da gua. b) O produto apresentado no texto B uma medida efetiva para os problemas apontados no texto A. Voc concorda com essa afirmao, concorda parcialmente com ela ou discorda dela? Justifique de acordo com os textos e seus conhecimentos de qumica.

(UNICAMP - 2021 - 2 FASE) Durante o perodo de isolamento social, diversos museus colocaram disposio do pblico visitason-lineaseus acervos. A imagem e o texto abaixo fazer parte deste contexto. (Adaptado de https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit. Acessado em 08/10/2020) a) Que ato levou a mulher da imagem a ter reconhecimento mundial? Cite uma consequncia histrica desse acontecimento. b) Qual a funo de um museu? Explique por que essa foto est presente no referido museu.