Questões - MACKENZIE | Gabarito e resoluções

(Mackenzie - 2006) The Brain in Love Using neurochemistry to try to unravel the experience of romantic passion By Barbara Smuts Fisher is well known for her three previous books (The Sex Contract, Anatomy of Love and The First Sex), which bring an evolutionary perspective to myriad aspects of sex, love, and sex differences. This book is the best, in my view, because it goes beyond observable behaviors to consider their underlying brain mechanisms. Most people think of romantic love as a feeling. Fisher, however, views it as a drive so powerful that it can override other drives, such as hunger and thirst, render the most dignified person a fool, or bring rapture to an unassuming wallflower. This original hypothesis is consistent with the neurochemistry of love. While emphasizing the complex and subtle interplay among multiple brain chemicals, Fisher argues convincingly that dopamine deserves center stage. This neurotransmitter drives animals to seek rewards, such as food and sex, and is also essential to the pleasure experienced when such drives are satisfied. Fisher thinks that dopamines action can explain both the highs of romantic passion (dopamine rising) and the lows of rejection (dopamine falling). Citing evidence from studies of humans and other animals, she also demonstrates marked parallels between the behaviors, feelings and chemicals that underlie romantic love and those associated with substance addiction. Like the alcoholic who feels compelled to drink, the impassioned lover cries that he will die without his beloved. Dying of a broken heart is, of course, not adaptive, and neither is forsaking family and fortune to pursue a sweetheart to the ends of the earth. Why then, Fisher asks,has evolution burdened humans with such seemingly irrational passions?Drawing on evidence from living primates, paleontology and diverse cultures, she argues that the evolution of largebrained, helpless hominid infants created a new imperative for mother and father to cooperate in child-rearing. Romantic love, she contests, drove ancestral women and men to come together long enough to conceive, whereas attachment, another complex of feelings with a different chemical basis, kept them together long enough to support a child until weaning (about fouryears). Evidence indicates that as attachment grows, passion recedes. Thus, the same feelings that bring parents together often force them apart, as one or both fall in love with someone new. Fishers theory of how human pair-bonding evolved is just one of several hypotheses under debate today, and she does not discuss these alternatives. Like the words of a talented lover, Fishers prose is charming and engaging. One chapter is a litany to passion in other animals, a vivid reminder that we are not the only species that feels deeply. Another provides new insight into the obsessive attempts of abandoned lovers to rekindle romance. Toward the end of the book, Fisher helps to redeem the self-help genre, rooting her advice in hard science. Image: BARBARA SMUTS OLIVE BABOONS, an adult female (left) and male, snuggle during an afternoon rest period in Kenya. Among baboons, only pairs who have formed longterm friendships have been observed in such intimate contact. (Adapted from http://www.sciam.com) The sentence Why has evolution burdened humans with such seemingly irrational passions? in the reported speech will be:

(Mackenzie) (...) Parecera-me ento que a demagogia tenentista, aquele palavrrio chocho, nos meteria no atoleiro. Ali estava o resultado: ladroagens, uma onda de burrice a inundar tudo, confuso, mal-entendidos, charlatanismo, energmenos microcfalos vestidos de verde a esgoelar-se em discursos imbecis, a semear delaes. O levante do 3 Regimento e a revoluo de Natal haviam desencadeado uma perseguio feroz. Tudo se desarticulava, sombrio pessimismo anuviava as almas, tnhamos a impresso de viver numa brbara colnia alem. Pior: numa colnia italiana. Este trecho das Memrias do crcere, de Graciliano Ramos, se refere a um perodo dos mais conturbados da vida poltica brasileira. Trata-se:

(Mackenzie - 2005) TEXT 1 Harvard Business Online The Elephant and the Flea: Reflections of a Reluctant Capitalist Description: The Elephant and the Flea is both a poignant personal memoir and a deep reflection on the past and future of world capitalism, with all its possibilities and pitfalls. In a tone that is at once learned, genial, witty, and wise, Handy takes us on his lifes journey, looking back to his childhood and education and how they prepared (or, rather, did not prepare) him for a career in business, the changing nature of organizational life within the context of the old economy and the new, the great variety of capitalism around the world, and through it all, his struggle to find meaning and fulfillment in work. Handy uses the quirky, powerful metaphor of the elephant and the flea to describe vividly and critique the great shift from the prevalence of behemoth, slow-moving, bureaucratic organizations that provided a lifetime of security and not much freedom or room for creativity, to a world in which we are much more independent and flea-like, flitting from job to job, latching onto elephants when we need to, but mostly flying solo and without a net. Subjects Covered: Business government, Business history, Career changes, Careers career planning, Entrepreneurship, General management, Global business, International business. http://harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu TEXT 2 THE ELEPHANT AND THE FLEA: reflections of a reluctant capitalist Charles Handy London: Random House, Ltd. BOARD OPTIONS/AMAZON PRICE: $11.20 Charles Handy has been an oil company executive, a university lecturer, and a much sought after convention speaker. A 48 year old advertising executive was complaining to Handy that there were no longer any jobs in the ageist advertising world for people like him. While he was talking, the electrician repairing the wiring in Handys home put his head round the door to say he would be back in a week. Im sorry, he said, but Ive got too many jobs on at the moment. That was the future, Handy told this his account executive; lots of clients for the independent worker, but fewer and fewer jobs for full-time executives of large organizations. The employee-oriented society of the twentieth century had delivered so much that was good. It had replaced the world of the individual farmer/craftsman/ merchant. The new flea-oriented world that Charles Handy sees is fraught with insecurity, uncertainty, and fear. We dont want that sort of world people say. Handy is sympathetic. I, too, didnt much like the worst of world that I saw emerging, but wishing it away was not going to help. In 1996, 67% of British businesses have only one employee, the owner. In 1994, employees with less than five people represented 89% of all British businesses. This is a book about how to survive as a flea and in world of few elephants and many fleas. It is written in typical Charles Handy humor and insight. It is also his most personal book to date. ELEPHANT AND THE FLEA is easy to read and too important to ignore. http://www.boardoptions.com The sentence We dont want that sort of world (Text 2) in the reported speech will be:

(Mackenzie - 2005) The New York Times Schools Relax Cellphone Bans, Nodding to Trend By MATT RICHTEL Lunch time means cellphone time for Gray Taylor, 15, and fellow students at Eastern High in Lansing, Mich. Carol T. Powers, NYT LANSING, Mich. Sitting in his second-period computer class at Eastern High School, Gray Taylor, 15, felt his cellphone vibrate. To avoid being caught by the teacher, he answered quietly and discovered an unexpected caller. Why are you answering the phone in class? Grays mother asked. He whispered back, Youre the one who called me. His mother said she had intended to leave a question on Grays voice mail. Such scenes are playing out across the country, as hundreds of high schools have reluctantly agreed to relax their rules about cellphones in schools. Rather than banning the phones outright, as many once did, they are capitulating to parent demands and market realities, and allowing students to carry phones in school though not to use them in class. The reversal is a significant change from policies of the 1990s, when school administrators around the country viewed cellphones as the tools of drug dealers. In Florida, carrying a cellphone in school could be punishable by a 10-day suspension. In Louisiana, it was deemed a crime, with a potential penalty of 30 days in jail. But now the phones have become tools used by parents to keep in touch with, and keep track of, their children. And schools are facing a more basic reality: it is no longer possible to enforce such bans. Thanks to the falling prices of mobile phones, and the aggressive efforts by carriers to market family plans to parents and teenagers, the phones have become so commonplace that trying to keep them out of schools would be like trying to enforce a ban on lip gloss or combs. Adapted from The New York Times, September 2004, www.nytimes.com The question Why are you answering the phone in class? in the reported speech will be:

(MACKENZIE - 2005) BEHIND THE SCENES AT THE BIG AWARDS SHOWS If you (I) a friend or relative for his or her favorite awards-show moment, you (II) about the kiss between Madonna and Britney Spears at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. Or the time, in 1973, when Marlon Brando sent Indian Princess Sacheen Littlefeather to accept the Best Actor Oscar on his behalf. But what if you were to ask Hollywood starlets or rock stars for their favorite award-show moment? It would probably include champagne and cigars at a party you couldnt even imagine attending. Awards shows fill our TV screens nearly all year round. They include the television Emmys, the Golden Globes, and the Grammys. The biggest of all is the Oscars, scheduled for February 27 this year. They were seen by 43.5 million people worldwide in 2004. Thats quite a difference from 1928, the first year the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented its annual Oscar awards. Back then, there was no TV. And the ceremony itself had little drama. Winners were announced three months before they received the now famous gold statuettes. Today most awards shows have a format that viewers are familiar with: The previous years winners present awards. Stars and important executives, producers, and directors introduce nominees. Everyone jokes about staying on schedule. The hosts are usually comedians who are not too controversial. But MTVs Video Music Awards are different. As they celebrate the years best music videos, the producers try to create surprises, such as Michael Jacksons appearance with Lisa Marie Presley in 1994, during a time when he had been hiding from the public. They also put together interesting and unlikely musical collaborations. Last year, for example, an Alicia Keys medley was backed by Stevie Wonder and Lenny Kravitz, and Nelly played piano while Christina Aguilera danced above him. A 1993 jam session with Neil Young and Pearl Jam led to the two recording an album together. After her performance with Wonder and Kravitz, Keys said, It was incredible. I know this is something that I will never forget for my entire career. Backstage at awards shows, a variety of workers - from carpenters to costume fitters - are busy making sure that the event runs smoothly. At the June 2004 MTV Movie Awards, host Lindsay Lohan kept running from the stage to her dressing room to change her clothes. She did it six times. But there was room for fun too. Jake Gyllenhaal and Kirsten Dunst hugged and kissed in the hallway. Paris Hilton asked people, Do I look cute? Eminem and his D12 crew joked with Sharon Stone, Halle Berry, and Jessica Biel. Halle, we love your music, one of the D12 crew said. Berry does not record music. Adapted from English2go The alternative that contains the right words to fill in blanks I and II is:

(Mack-2005) (...) no afã de provar que tudo é possível, os regimes totalitários descobriram, sem o saber, que existem crimes que os homens não podem punir nem perdoar. Ao tornar-se possível, o impossível passou a ser o mal absoluto, impunível e imperdoável, que já não podia ser compreendido nem explicado pelos motivos malignos do egoísmo, da ganância e da cobiça (...). Hannah Arendt De acordo com o texto, os regimes totalitários que emergiram entre as décadas de 20 e 30 do século XX tinham algumas características comuns. Portanto, é correto afirmar que:

(MACKENZIE - 2005) Ondas do mar de Vigo, se vistes meu amigo! E ai Deus, se verr cedo! Ondas do mar levado, se vistes meu amado! E ai Deus, se verr cedo! Martim Codax *Obs.: verr = vir; levado = agitado Considerando o texto, possvel inferir que:

(MACKENZIE - 2005) Assinale a afirmativa correta com relao ao Trovadorismo. Texto I Ondas do mar de Vigo, se vistes meu amigo! E ai Deus, se verr cedo! Ondas do mar levado, se vistes meu amado! E ai Deus, se verr cedo! Martim Codax Obs.: verr = vir levado = agitado Texto II Me sinto com a cara no cho, mas a verdade precisa ser dita ao menos uma vez: aos 52 anos eu ignorava a admirvel forma lrica da cano paralelstica (...). O Cantar de amor foi fruto de meses de leitura dos cancioneiros. Li tanto e to seguidamente aquelas deliciosas cantigas, que fiquei com a cabea cheia de velidas e mha senhor e nula ren; sonhava com as ondas do mar de Vigo e com romarias a San Servando. O nico jeito de me livrar da obsesso era fazer uma cantiga. Manuel Bandeira

(Mackenzie 2005) Compostos que apresentam pelo menos um grupo hidroxila ligado diretamente a tomo de carbono saturado ou so lcoois, ou tm o grupo funcional dos lcoois. A nica frmula que no se encaixa na informao acima

(MACKENZIE - 2005) Um hbito comum enrolar pencas de bananas e mames verdes em jornal para que amaduream mais rapidamente. Durante o amadurecimento das frutas, h a liberao de gs eteno, que tambm responsvel pela acelerao do processo. A respeito do gs eteno, correto afirmar que Dado: massa molar (g/mol) H = 1, C = 12

(Mack-2005) AMEAÇA INVISÍVEL Lixo tóxico importado para enriquecer fertilizantes pode contaminar o solo, a água e toda a lavoura nacional. Na análise de certa carga de zinco em pó apreendida no porto de Santos (o zinco é misturado ao adubo X para suprir deficiências do solo), o Ibama constatou a presença, em altas concentrações, dos poluentes tóxicos chumbo, cádmio e arsênio, os chamados metais pesados, relacionados ao aparecimento de doenças como o câncer. Sem sofrer degradação, os poluentes citados acumulam-se no solo e nos cursos dágua, causando efeitos extremamente nocivos ao meio ambiente e à vida dos seres vivos. Entretanto, a importação da mistura tóxica continua ocorrendo. Revista Isto É (texto resumido) Do texto, conclui-se que:

[CoCl4]2-(aq) + 6 H2O(aq) [Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4 Cl-(aq) AZUL ROSA A reao acima exotrmica. Essa equao representa a reao que ocorre no galinho do tempo, enfeite cuja superfcie impregnada por uma soluo em que se estabelece o equilbrio dado acima. O galinho do tempo indica, pela cor, como o tempo vai ficar. Fazem-se as afirmaes: I Quando a umidade relativa do ar est alta, o galinho fica rosa. II Quando a temperatura aumenta, o galinho fica azul. III Quando o galinho fica azul, h indicativo de tempo bom, sem previso de chuva. Das afirmaes,

(Mack-2005) Dadas as energias de ligao em kJ/mol (valores absolutos), o calor, em kJ/mol, da reao abaixoequacionada

(MACKENZIE - 2005) Assinale a afirmativa correta sobre o texto I. Texto I Ondas do mar de Vigo, se vistes meu amigo! E ai Deus, se verr cedo! Ondas do mar levado, se vistes meu amado! E ai Deus, se verr cedo! Martim Codax verr = vir levado = agitado

(Mackenzie - 2005) SNORING - Half of men over 50 do it, but the real danger comes from apnea Marcel Ascue used to snore so loudly that his 5- year-old son Nathan made a joke of ZZZing whenever he came near. Tired of being a punch line (and just plain tired), Ascue, 44, finally went to the doctor and found he had sleep apnea. Last month he started sleeping with a mask, hooked to an air pressurizer, that covers his nose and forces a steady stream of air down his throat. The jokes havent stopped yet - now his wife quips that shes sleeping with Darth Vader - but at least the snoring has. Ascues story might amuse people who dont snore or have bed partners who do. But thats not many people. By 50, half of men and a quarter of women snore; 10 to 20 percent of Americans seek treatment for snoring each year. The numbers are expected to jump as baby boomers age, since snoring is a side effect of growing old, gaining weight and losing muscle tone. During the day the brain keeps the throat muscles taut and the airway open. When sleep descends, the muscles relax and vibrate as air rushes by. Mary Carmichael, NEWSWEEK (adapted) The same verb tense used in The jokes havent stopped yet is appropriately used in: