Questões - FGV | Gabarito e resoluções

Dever entrar em funcionamento em 2017, em Iper, no interior de So Paulo, o ReatorMultipropsito Brasileiro (RMB), que ser destinado produo de radioistopos pararadiofrmacos e tambm para produo de fontes radioativas usadas pelo Brasil em largaescala nas reas industrial e de pesquisas. Um exemplo da aplicao tecnolgica deradioistopos so sensores contendo fonte de amercio-241, obtido como produto de fisso. Ele decai para o radioistopo neptnio-237 e emite um feixe de radiao. Fontes de amercio-241 so usadas como indicadores de nvel em tanques e fornos mesmo em ambiente deintenso calor, como ocorre no interior dos alto fornos da Companhia Siderrgica Paulista(COSIPA). A produo de combustvel para os reatores nucleares de fisso envolve o processo detransformao do composto slido UO2 ao composto gasoso UF6 por meio das etapas: I. UO2 (s) 4HF (g) UF4 (s) H2O (g) II. UF4 (s) + F2 (g) UF6(g) (Adaptado de www.brasil.gov.br/ciencia-e-tecnologia/2012/02/reator-deve-garantirautossuficiencia-brasileira-em-radiofarmacosa-partir-de 2017 e H. Barcelos de Oliveira, Tesede Doutorado, IPEN/CNEN, 2009, in: www.pelicano.ipen.br) (FGV 2014) Considerando o tipo de reator mencionado no texto, classifique cada uma dasafirmaes em V (verdadeira) ou F (falsa). ( ) No processo de fisso nuclear, o ncleo original quebra-se em dois ou mais ncleosmenores, e uma grande quantidade de energia liberada. ( ) Os ncleos que podem sofrer fisso so denominados fissionveis, e entre eles estoistopos de urnio. ( ) No reator de fisso, ocorre uma reao em cadeia sustentada por prtons produzidos naquebra do istopo fissionvel. Assinale a classificao correta, de cima para baixo.

(Fgv 2014) Observe o infográfico abaixo. Com base no infográfico, é correto afirmar:

(Fgv 2014) Leia esta notcia veiculada pela imprensa em 13 de agosto de 2013. A Cmara dos Deputados devolveu hoje, simbolicamente, o mandato parlamentar a 14 deputados, do antigo Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), que foram cassados em 1948. Os mandatos foram cassados pelo ento Superior Tribunal Eleitoral (STE), que cancelou o registro do partido em 7 de maio de 1947, quase trs anos aps os deputados terem sido eleitos. No incio da sesso, o presidente da Cmara, deputado Henrique Eduardo Alves (PMDB-RN), prestou sua homenagem aos deputados cassados. Hoje, ao prestar esta homenagem, resgatamos a dignidade do Parlamento brasileiro frente a um episdio que fez o partido sangrar e deixou importante parcela da populao sem representao poltica, disse. (http://www.ebc.com.br/noticias/politica/2013/08/camara-devolve-simbolicamente-mandato-a-14-deputados-do-pcb-cassados-em.Acesso em 02 de setembro de 2013.) Com base nessa notcia, correto afirmar:

(FGV 2014) A produo de adenosina trifosfato (ATP) nas clulas eucariticas animaisacontece, essencialmente, nas cristas mitocondriais, em funo de uma cadeia de protenastransportadoras de eltrons, a cadeia respiratria. O nmero de molculas de ATP produzidas nas mitocndrias diretamente proporcional aonmero de molculas de:

(FGV - Adaptada) Em uma competição de Matemática, a prova é do tipo múltipla escolha com 25 questões. A pontuação de cada competidor é feita de tal maneira que cada questão - respondida corretamente vale 6 pontos; - não respondida vale 1,5 ponto; - respondida erradamente vale 0 (zero) ponto. Responda a cada uma das perguntas abaixo e marque a alternativa correta. a) É possível um competidor fazer exatamente 100 pontos? Se a resposta for afirmativa, mostre uma maneira; se não for, justifique a impossibilidade. b) Márcia fez mais de 100 pontos. Quantas questões, no mínimo, ela respondeu corretamente?

(Fgv 2014) São características das chamadas sociedades do Antigo Regime:

(FGV - 2014) Read the article and answer question(s). The road to hell (1) Bringing crops from one of the futuristic new farms in Brazils central and northern plains to foreign markets means taking a journey back in time. Loaded onto lorries, most are driven almost 2,000km south on narrow, potholed roads to the ports of Santos and Paranagu. In the 19th and early 20th centuries they were used to bring in immigrants and ship out the coffee grown in the fertile states of So Paulo and Paran, but now they are overwhelmed. Thanks to a record harvest this year, Brazil became the worlds largest soya producer, overtaking the United States. The queue of lorries waiting to enter Santos sometimes stretched to 40km. (2) No part of that journey makes sense. Brazil has too few crop silos, so lorries are used for storage as well as transport, causing a crush at ports after harvest. Produce from so far north should probably not be travelling to southern ports at all. Freight by road costs twice as much as by rail and four times as much as by water. Brazilian farmers pay 25% or more of the value of their soya to bring it to port; their competitors in Iowa just 9%. The bottleneck at ports pushes costs higher still. It also puts off customers. In March Sunrise Group, Chinas biggest soya trader, cancelled an order for 2m tonnes of Brazilian soya after repeated delays. (3) All of Brazils infrastructure is decrepit. The World Economic Forum ranks it at 114th out of 148 countries. After a spate of railway-building at the turn of the 20th century, and road- and dam-building 50 years later, little was added or even maintained. In the 1980s infrastructure was a casualty of slowing growth and spiralling inflation. Unable to find jobs, engineers emigrated or retrained. Government stopped planning for the long term. According to Contas Abertas, a public-spending watchdog, only a fifth of federal money budgeted for urban transport in the past decade was actually spent. Just 1.5% of Brazils GDP goes on infrastructure investment from all sources, both public and private. The long-run global average is 3.8%. The McKinsey Global Institute estimates the total value of Brazils infrastructure at 16% of GDP. Other big economies average 71%. To catch up, Brazil would have to triple its annual infrastructure spending for the next 20 years. (4) Moreover, it may be getting poor value from what little it does invest because so much goes on the wrong things. A cumbersome environmental-licensing process pushes up costs and causes delays. Expensive studies are required before construction on big projects can start and then again at various stages along the way and at the end. Farmers and manufacturers spend heavily on lorries because road transport is their only option. But that is working around the problem, not solving it. (5) In the 1990s Mr Cardosos government privatized state-owned oil, energy and telecoms firms. It allowed private operators to lease terminals in public ports and to build their own new ports. Imports were booming as the economy opened up, so container terminals were a priority. The one at the public port in Bahias capital, Salvador, is an example of the transformation wrought by private money and management. Its customers used to rate it Brazils worst port, with a draft too shallow for big ships and a quay so short that even smaller vessels had to unload a bit at a time. But in the past decade its operator, Wilson Sons, spent 260m reais on replacing equipment, lengthening the quay and deepening the draft. Capacity has doubled. Land access will improve, too, once an almost finished expressway opens. Paranagu is spending 400m reais from its own revenues on replacing outdated equipment, but without private money it cannot expand enough to end the queues to dock. It has drawn up detailed plans to build a new terminal and two new quays, and identified 20 dockside areas that could be leased to new operators, which would bring in 1.6 billion reais of private investment. All that is missing is the federal governments permission. It hopes to get it next year, but there is no guarantee. (6) Firms that want to build their own infrastructure, such as mining companies, which need dedicated railways and ports, can generally build at will in Brazil, though they still face the hassle of environmental licensing. If the government wants to hand a project to the private sector it will hold an auction, granting the concession to the highest bidder, or sometimes the applicant who promises the lowest user charges. But since Lula came to power in 2003 there have been few infrastructure auctions of any kind. In recent years, under heavy lobbying from public ports, the ports regulator stopped granting operating licences to private ports except those intended mainly for the owners own cargo. As a result, during a decade in which Brazil became a commodity-exporting powerhouse, its bulk-cargo terminals hardly expanded at all. (7) At first Lulas government planned to upgrade Brazils infrastructure without private help. In 2007 the president announced a collection of long-mooted public construction projects, the Growth Acceleration Programme (PAC). Many were intended to give farming and mining regions access to alternative ports. But the results have been disappointing. Two-thirds of the biggest projects are late and over budget. The trans-north-eastern railway is only half-built and its cost has doubled. The route of the east-west integration railway, which would cross Bahia, has still not been settled. The northern stretch of the BR-163, a trunk road built in the 1970s, was waiting so long to be paved that locals started calling it the endless road. Most of it is still waiting. (8) What has got things moving is the prospect of disgrace during the forthcoming big sporting events. Brazils terrible airports will be the first thing most foreign football fans see when they arrive for next years World Cup. Infraero, the state-owned company that runs them, was meant to be getting them ready for the extra traffic, but it is a byword for incompetence. Between 2007 and 2010 it managed to spend just 800m of the 3 billion reais it was supposed to invest. In desperation, the government last year leased three of the biggest airports to private operators. (9) That seemed to break a bigger logjam. First more airport auctions were mooted; then, some months later, Ms Rousseff announced that 7,500km of toll roads and 10,000km of railways were to be auctioned too. Earlier this year she picked the biggest fight of her presidency, pushing a ports bill through Congress against lobbying from powerful vested interests. The new law enables private ports once again to handle third-party cargo and allows them to hire their own staff, rather than having to use casual labour from the dockworkers unions that have a monopoly in public ports. Ms Rousseff also promised to auction some entirely new projects and to re-tender around 150 contracts in public terminals whose concessions had expired. (10) Would-be investors in port projects are hanging back because of the high chances of cost overruns and long delays. Two newly built private terminals at Santos that together cost more than 4 billion reais illustrate the risks. Both took years to get off the ground and years more to build. Both were finished earlier this year but remained idle for months. Brasil Terminal Porturio, a private terminal within the public port, is still waiting for the government to dredge its access channel. At Embraport, which is outside the public-port area, union members from Santos blocked road access and boarded any ships that tried to dock. Rather than enforcing the law that allows such terminals to use their own workers, the government summoned the management to Braslia for some arm-twisting. In August Embraport agreed to take the union members on a trial basis. (11) Given such regulatory and execution risks, there are unlikely to be many takers for either rail or port projects as currently conceived, says Bruno Savaris, an infrastructure analyst at Credit Suisse. He predicts that at most a third of the planned investments will be auctioned in the next three years: airports, a few simple port projects and the best toll roads. That is far short of what Brazil needs. The good news, says Mr Savaris, is that the government is at last beginning to understand that it must either reduce the risks for private investors or raise their returns. Private know-how and money will be vital to get Brazil moving again. (www.economist.com/news/special-report. Adapted) In the sentence fragment from the last paragraph it must either reduce the risks for private investors or raise their returns the use of either ... or indicates an idea of

(FGV 2014) A difilobotrase uma parasitose adquirida pela ingesto de carne de peixecrua, mal cozida, congelada ou defumada em temperaturas inadequadas, contaminada pelaforma larval do agente etiolgico. O ciclo do parasita envolve a liberao de proglotes pelas fezes humanas repletas de ovos,que eclodem na gua e passam a se hospedar sequencialmente em pequenos crustceos, empequenos peixes e, finalmente, em peixes maiores que, ao serem ingeridos nas condiescitadas, contaminam os seres humanos. As informaes descritas sobre o ciclo da difilobotrase permite notar semelhanas com o cicloda:

(FGV - 2014) A Agncia Internacional de Energia Atmica (AIEA) confirmou, em um novo relatrio, que o Ir segue cumprindo o pactuado no grande acordo nuclear interino assinado em novembro do ano passado com seis grandes potncias. http://exame.abril.com.br/mundo/noticias/ira-segue-cumprindo-acordo-nuclear-interino-diz-aiea. Acesso em 22/03/2014. Sobre o tema da reportagem, correto afirmar:

(FGV -2014) (...) Ns temos essas verdades como evidentes por si mesmas: que todos os homens nascem iguais; que o seu Criador os dotou de certos direitos inalienveis, entre os quais a Vida, a Liberdade e a procura da Felicidade; que para garantir esses direitos, os homens instituem entre eles Governos, cujo justo poder emana do consentimento dos governados; que, se um governo, seja qual for a sua forma, chega a no reconhecer esses fins, o povo tem o direito de modific-lo ou de aboli-lo e de instituir um novo governo, que fundar sobre tais princpios e de que ele organizar os poderes segundo as formas que lhe parecem mais prprias para garantir a sua Segurana e a sua Felicidade. (Declarao de Independncia dos Estados Unidos da Amrica do Norte, 04 de julho de 1776 apud Gustavo de Freitas, 900 textos de Histria. p. 60) Segundo o documento, correto afirmar que

(FGV 2014)Pesquisa recente publicada pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas (IPEA) sobre as migrações internas no Brasil evidencia existir uma relação entre probabilidade de migração e níveis de escolaridade, conforme tabela abaixo. TABELA 1 Probabilidade de migração, por período e níveis de escolaridade (1986-2010) (Em %) Escolaridade 1986-1991 1995-2000 2005-2010 Baixa 7,8 6,8 5,0 Média 8,6 7,7 6,2 Alta 8,9 8,5 7,8 Total 7,9 7,1 5,7 Fonte: IBGE (1991; 2000; 2010). http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/images/stories/PDFs/livros/livros/livro_brasil_desenvolvimento2013_vol03.pdf Acesso em 20/03/2013. Com base na tabela, é correto afirmar:

(FGV 2014) Uma determinada caracterstica gentica de um grupo de animais invertebrados condicionada por apenas um par de alelos autossmicos. Estudos de gentica de populaes, nestes animais, mostraram que a frequncia do alelo recessivo trs vezes maior que a frequncia do alelo dominante, para a caracterstica analisada em questo. A quantidade esperada de animais com gentipo heterozigoto, em uma populao com 4 800 indivduos, em equilbrio gnico, ser igual a

(FGV/2014) Na difícil busca pela explicação científica sobre a origem da vida no planeta Terra, uma das etapas consideradas essenciais é o surgimento de aglomerados de proteínas, os coacervados, capazes de isolar um meio interno do ambiente externo, permitindo que reações bioquímicas ocorressem dentro dessas estruturas de forma diferenciada do meio externo. Tal hipótese, envolvendo essa etapa,

Dois eventosA e B de um espaço amostral são independentes. A probabilidade do evento A é P(A) = 0,4 e a probabilidade da união de A com B é P(A B) = 0,8. Pode-se concluir que a probabilidade do evento B é:

(FGV -2014) De acordo com dados da Agncia Internacional de Energia (AIE), aproximadamente 87% de todo o combustvel consumido no mundo so de origem fssil. Essas substncias so encontradas em diversas regies do planeta, no estado slido, lquido e gasoso e so processadas e empregadas de diversas formas. (www.brasilescola.com/geografia/combustiveis-fosseis.htm. Adaptado) Por meio de processo de destilao seca, o combustvel I d origem matria-prima para a indstria de produo de ao e alumnio. O combustvel II utilizado como combustvel veicular, em usos domsticos, na gerao de energia eltrica e tambm como matria-prima em processos industriais. O combustvel III obtido por processo de destilao fracionada ou por reao qumica, e usado como combustvel veicular. Os combustveis de origem fssil I, II e III so, correta e respectivamente,