Questões - AFA | Gabarito e resoluções

(AFA - 2015) Considere as seguintes simbologias em relao matriz M: Da equaoem que A e (B+C) so matrizes quadradas de ordem n e inversveis, afirma-se que So corretas

(AFA - 2015) Um jogo decidido com um nico lanamento do dado cuja planificao est representada abaixo. Participam desse jogo quatro pessoas: Carlos, que vencer o jogo se ocorrer face preta ou menor que 3; Jos vencer se ocorrer face branca e nmero primo; Vicente vencer casoocorra face preta e nmero par; Antnio vencer se ocorrer face branca ou nmero menor que 3. Nessas condies, correto afirmar que

(AFA - 2015) Considere a funo real definida por ,em que e Analise as alternativas abaixo e marque a FALSA,

(AFA - 2015) Considere o grfico da funo real g : A A abaixo e marque (V) verdadeiro ou (F) falso. ( ) A funo g possui exatamente duas razes. ( ) g(4) = -g(-3) ( ) Im(g) = {-3} ]-2, 4[ ( ) A funo definida por h(x) = g(x) + 3 no possui raiz. ( ) (g g g ...g)(-2) = 2 A sequncia correta

(AFA -2015) Considere no plano cartesiano um tringulo equiltero ABC em que: os vrtices B, de abscissa positiva, e C, de abscissa negativa, esto sobre o eixo OX; possui baricentro no ponto Considere tambm, nesse mesmo plano cartesiano, a circunferncia 1inscrita ecircunferncia2circunscrita ao tringulo ABC. Analise as proposies abaixo e escreva (V) para verdadeira e (F) para falsa. ( )A reta r, suporte do lado AB, passa pelo ponto (-1, b), em que b o dobro do oposto do coeficiente angular de r ( )O crculo delimitado por 2contm o ponto ( )O ponto da bissetriz dos quadrantes mpares de abscissapertence a1 A sequncia correta

(AFA - 2015) No Atlas de Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil 2013 constam valores do ndice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) de todas as cidades dos estados brasileiros. O IDHM um nmero que varia entre 0 e 1. Quanto mais prximo de 1, maior o desenvolvimento humano de um municpio, conforme escala a seguir. Abaixo esto relacionados o IDHM de duas cidades de Minas Gerais em condies extremas, Monte Formoso e Uberlndia, e uma em situao intermediria, Barbacena. Analisando os dados acima, afirma-se que I. o municpio de maior crescimento do IDHM, nos perodos considerados, Monte Formoso. II. na ltima dcada, Barbacena apresentou maior evoluo do IDHM que Uberlndia. III. uma tabela que relaciona cidade, poca e faixa de IDHM pode ser representada corretamente como: So corretas:

(AFA - 2015) TEXT I JOBS AT HIGH RISK It is an invisible force that goes by many names.Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence. Technology. Innovation. And, everyones favorite,ROBOTS. Whatever name you prefer, some form of it hasbeen stimulating progress and killing jobs from tailors to paralegals for centuries9. But this time is different:nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in a decade or two. The question is: which half? Another way of posing the same question is:Where do machines work better than people?7Tractors are more powerful than farmers8. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and robots havesucceeded replacing aarticular kind of occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration. Indeed, its projected that the next wave ofcomputer progress1will continue to endanger humanwork where it already has: manufacturing, administrativesupport, retail, and transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are likely to diminish over the next decades. Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care workers, people responsible for our safety10, and management positions are the least likely to be automated6. Thenext big thing We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by their own moats.Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind ofsocial-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good at executing routines, but theyre bad at finding patterns,communicating with people, and making decisions,which is what managers are paid to do. This is whysome people think managersare, for the moment, one ofthe largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI. Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have beenprotected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copieda savant infant: Machines could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they cant answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. Asa result, not skilled work done by people without much education (like home health care workers, or fast-foodattendants) have been saved, too. The human half In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In thesecond half of the 20th century, however, software technology took the place of median-salaried office work.The first wave showed that machines are better at assembling things. The second showed that machinesare better at organizing things. Now data analytics andself-driving cars suggest they might be better at pattern recognition and driving. So what are we better at? The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers4, health-care workers, and a super-category that includes education, media, and community service.One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior at working with, and caringfor other humans11. In this light, automation doesnt makethe world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunitiesfor human creativity12. But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that replaces teaching hours. The fact thatsome industries have been safe from automation for the last three decades3doesnt guarantee that theyll be safefor the next one. It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier5. We dont really have a clue.2 (Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtakingamerican-jobs-2014-1) Glossary: savant infant a child with great knowledge and ability to assemble to make something by joining separate parts to creep to move slowly, quietly and carefully One of the purposes of the text is to show that

(AFA - 2015) TEXT I JOBS AT HIGH RISK It is an invisible force that goes by many names.Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence. Technology. Innovation. And, everyones favorite,ROBOTS. Whatever name you prefer, some form of it hasbeen stimulating progress and killing jobs from tailors to paralegals for centuries9. But this time is different:nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in a decade or two. The question is: which half? Another way of posing the same question is:Where do machines work better than people?7Tractors are more powerful than farmers8. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and robots havesucceeded replacing aarticular kind of occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration. Indeed, its projected that the next wave ofcomputer progress1will continue to endanger humanwork where it already has: manufacturing, administrativesupport, retail, and transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are likely to diminish over the next decades. Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care workers, people responsible for our safety10, and management positions are the least likely to be automated6. Thenext big thing We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by their own moats.Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind ofsocial-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good at executing routines, but theyre bad at finding patterns,communicating with people, and making decisions,which is what managers are paid to do. This is whysome people think managersare, for the moment, one ofthe largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI. Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have beenprotected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copieda savant infant: Machines could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they cant answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. Asa result, not skilled work done by people without much education (like home health care workers, or fast-foodattendants) have been saved, too. The human half In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In thesecond half of the 20th century, however, software technology took the place of median-salaried office work.The first wave showed that machines are better at assembling things. The second showed that machinesare better at organizing things. Now data analytics andself-driving cars suggest they might be better at pattern recognition and driving. So what are we better at? The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers4, health-care workers, and a super-category that includes education, media, and community service.One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior at working with, and caringfor other humans11. In this light, automation doesnt makethe world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunitiesfor human creativity12. But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that replaces teaching hours. The fact thatsome industries have been safe from automation for the last three decades3doesnt guarantee that theyll be safefor the next one. It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier5. We dont really have a clue.2 (Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtakingamerican-jobs-2014-1) Glossary: savant infant a child with great knowledge and ability to assemble to make something by joining separate parts to creep to move slowly, quietly and carefully According to the first paragraph, robots can be _____ by many names

(AFA - 2015) TEXT I JOBS AT HIGH RISK It is an invisible force that goes by many names.Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence. Technology. Innovation. And, everyones favorite,ROBOTS. Whatever name you prefer, some form of it hasbeen stimulating progress and killing jobs from tailors to paralegals for centuries9. But this time is different:nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in a decade or two. The question is: which half? Another way of posing the same question is:Where do machines work better than people?7Tractors are more powerful than farmers8. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and robots havesucceeded replacing aarticular kind of occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration. Indeed, its projected that the next wave ofcomputer progress1will continue to endanger humanwork where it already has: manufacturing, administrativesupport, retail, and transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are likely to diminish over the next decades. Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care workers, people responsible for our safety10, and management positions are the least likely to be automated6. Thenext big thing We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by their own moats.Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind ofsocial-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good at executing routines, but theyre bad at finding patterns,communicating with people, and making decisions,which is what managers are paid to do. This is whysome people think managersare, for the moment, one ofthe largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI. Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have beenprotected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copieda savant infant: Machines could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they cant answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. Asa result, not skilled work done by people without much education (like home health care workers, or fast-foodattendants) have been saved, too. The human half In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In thesecond half of the 20th century, however, software technology took the place of median-salaried office work.The first wave showed that machines are better at assembling things. The second showed that machinesare better at organizing things. Now data analytics andself-driving cars suggest they might be better at pattern recognition and driving. So what are we better at? The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers4, health-care workers, and a super-category that includes education, media, and community service.One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior at working with, and caringfor other humans11. In this light, automation doesnt makethe world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunitiesfor human creativity12. But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that replaces teaching hours. The fact thatsome industries have been safe from automation for the last three decades3doesnt guarantee that theyll be safefor the next one. It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier5. We dont really have a clue.2 (Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtakingamerican-jobs-2014-1) Glossary: savant infant a child with great knowledge and ability to assemble to make something by joining separate parts to creep to move slowly, quietly and carefully The expression wave of computer progress (reference 1) has the same idea as

(AFA - 2015) TEXT I JOBS AT HIGH RISK It is an invisible force that goes by many names.Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence. Technology. Innovation. And, everyones favorite,ROBOTS. Whatever name you prefer, some form of it hasbeen stimulating progress and killing jobs from tailors to paralegals for centuries9. But this time is different:nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in a decade or two. The question is: which half? Another way of posing the same question is:Where do machines work better than people?7Tractors are more powerful than farmers8. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and robots havesucceeded replacing aarticular kind of occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration. Indeed, its projected that the next wave ofcomputer progress1will continue to endanger humanwork where it already has: manufacturing, administrativesupport, retail, and transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are likely to diminish over the next decades. Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care workers, people responsible for our safety10, and management positions are the least likely to be automated6. Thenext big thing We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by their own moats.Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind ofsocial-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good at executing routines, but theyre bad at finding patterns,communicating with people, and making decisions,which is what managers are paid to do. This is whysome people think managersare, for the moment, one ofthe largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI. Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have beenprotected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copieda savant infant: Machines could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they cant answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. Asa result, not skilled work done by people without much education (like home health care workers, or fast-foodattendants) have been saved, too. The human half In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In thesecond half of the 20th century, however, software technology took the place of median-salaried office work.The first wave showed that machines are better at assembling things. The second showed that machinesare better at organizing things. Now data analytics andself-driving cars suggest they might be better at pattern recognition and driving. So what are we better at? The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers4, health-care workers, and a super-category that includes education, media, and community service.One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior at working with, and caringfor other humans11. In this light, automation doesnt makethe world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunitiesfor human creativity12. But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that replaces teaching hours. The fact thatsome industries have been safe from automation for the last three decades3doesnt guarantee that theyll be safefor the next one. It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier5. We dont really have a clue.2 (Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtakingamerican-jobs-2014-1) Glossary: savant infant a child with great knowledge and ability to assemble to make something by joining separate parts to creep to move slowly, quietly and carefully In the sentence Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copied a savant infant [...] the pronoun who can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by

(AFA - 2015) TEXT I JOBS AT HIGH RISK It is an invisible force that goes by many names.Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence. Technology. Innovation. And, everyones favorite,ROBOTS. Whatever name you prefer, some form of it hasbeen stimulating progress and killing jobs from tailors to paralegals for centuries9. But this time is different:nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in a decade or two. The question is: which half? Another way of posing the same question is:Where do machines work better than people?7Tractors are more powerful than farmers8. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and robots havesucceeded replacing aarticular kind of occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration. Indeed, its projected that the next wave ofcomputer progress1will continue to endanger humanwork where it already has: manufacturing, administrativesupport, retail, and transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are likely to diminish over the next decades. Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care workers, people responsible for our safety10, and management positions are the least likely to be automated6. Thenext big thing We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by their own moats.Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind ofsocial-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good at executing routines, but theyre bad at finding patterns,communicating with people, and making decisions,which is what managers are paid to do. This is whysome people think managersare, for the moment, one ofthe largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI. Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have beenprotected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copieda savant infant: Machines could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they cant answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. Asa result, not skilled work done by people without much education (like home health care workers, or fast-foodattendants) have been saved, too. The human half In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In thesecond half of the 20th century, however, software technology took the place of median-salaried office work.The first wave showed that machines are better at assembling things. The second showed that machinesare better at organizing things. Now data analytics andself-driving cars suggest they might be better at pattern recognition and driving. So what are we better at? The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers4, health-care workers, and a super-category that includes education, media, and community service.One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior at working with, and caringfor other humans11. In this light, automation doesnt makethe world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunitiesfor human creativity12. But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that replaces teaching hours. The fact thatsome industries have been safe from automation for the last three decades3doesnt guarantee that theyll be safefor the next one. It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier5. We dont really have a clue.2 (Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtakingamerican-jobs-2014-1) Glossary: savant infant a child with great knowledge and ability to assemble to make something by joining separate parts to creep to move slowly, quietly and carefully According to paragraph 5, managers are

(AFA - 2015) TEXT I JOBS AT HIGH RISK It is an invisible force that goes by many names.Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence. Technology. Innovation. And, everyones favorite,ROBOTS. Whatever name you prefer, some form of it hasbeen stimulating progress and killing jobs from tailors to paralegals for centuries9. But this time is different:nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in a decade or two. The question is: which half? Another way of posing the same question is:Where do machines work better than people?7Tractors are more powerful than farmers8. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and robots havesucceeded replacing aarticular kind of occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration. Indeed, its projected that the next wave ofcomputer progress1will continue to endanger humanwork where it already has: manufacturing, administrativesupport, retail, and transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are likely to diminish over the next decades. Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care workers, people responsible for our safety10, and management positions are the least likely to be automated6. Thenext big thing We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by their own moats.Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind ofsocial-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good at executing routines, but theyre bad at finding patterns,communicating with people, and making decisions,which is what managers are paid to do. This is whysome people think managersare, for the moment, one ofthe largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI. Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have beenprotected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copieda savant infant: Machines could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they cant answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. Asa result, not skilled work done by people without much education (like home health care workers, or fast-foodattendants) have been saved, too. The human half In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In thesecond half of the 20th century, however, software technology took the place of median-salaried office work.The first wave showed that machines are better at assembling things. The second showed that machinesare better at organizing things. Now data analytics andself-driving cars suggest they might be better at pattern recognition and driving. So what are we better at? The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers4, health-care workers, and a super-category that includes education, media, and community service.One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior at working with, and caringfor other humans11. In this light, automation doesnt makethe world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunitiesfor human creativity12. But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that replaces teaching hours. The fact thatsome industries have been safe from automation for the last three decades3doesnt guarantee that theyll be safefor the next one. It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier5. We dont really have a clue.2 (Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtakingamerican-jobs-2014-1) Glossary: savant infant a child with great knowledge and ability to assemble to make something by joining separate parts to creep to move slowly, quietly and carefully Mark the option closest in meaning to We dont really have a clue (reference 2).

(AFA - 2015) TEXT I JOBS AT HIGH RISK It is an invisible force that goes by many names.Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence. Technology. Innovation. And, everyones favorite,ROBOTS. Whatever name you prefer, some form of it hasbeen stimulating progress and killing jobs from tailors to paralegals for centuries9. But this time is different:nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in a decade or two. The question is: which half? Another way of posing the same question is:Where do machines work better than people?7Tractors are more powerful than farmers8. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and robots havesucceeded replacing aarticular kind of occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration. Indeed, its projected that the next wave ofcomputer progress1will continue to endanger humanwork where it already has: manufacturing, administrativesupport, retail, and transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are likely to diminish over the next decades. Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care workers, people responsible for our safety10, and management positions are the least likely to be automated6. Thenext big thing We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by their own moats.Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind ofsocial-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good at executing routines, but theyre bad at finding patterns,communicating with people, and making decisions,which is what managers are paid to do. This is whysome people think managersare, for the moment, one ofthe largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI. Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have beenprotected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copieda savant infant: Machines could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they cant answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. Asa result, not skilled work done by people without much education (like home health care workers, or fast-foodattendants) have been saved, too. The human half In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In thesecond half of the 20th century, however, software technology took the place of median-salaried office work.The first wave showed that machines are better at assembling things. The second showed that machinesare better at organizing things. Now data analytics andself-driving cars suggest they might be better at pattern recognition and driving. So what are we better at? The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers4, health-care workers, and a super-category that includes education, media, and community service.One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior at working with, and caringfor other humans11. In this light, automation doesnt makethe world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunitiesfor human creativity12. But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that replaces teaching hours. The fact thatsome industries have been safe from automation for the last three decades3doesnt guarantee that theyll be safefor the next one. It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier5. We dont really have a clue.2 (Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtakingamerican-jobs-2014-1) Glossary: savant infant a child with great knowledge and ability to assemble to make something by joining separate parts to creep to move slowly, quietly and carefully In the sentence for the last three decades (reference 3), the underlined item was used in the same way as in

(AFA - 2015) TEXT I JOBS AT HIGH RISK It is an invisible force that goes by many names.Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence. Technology. Innovation. And, everyones favorite,ROBOTS. Whatever name you prefer, some form of it hasbeen stimulating progress and killing jobs from tailors to paralegals for centuries. But this time is different:nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in a decade or two. The question is: which half? Another way of posing the same question is:Where do machines work better than people?7 Tractors are more powerful than farmers8. Robotic arms are stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers. But in the past 30 years, software and robots havesucceeded replacing aarticular kind of occupation: the average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker, especially in manufacturing and office administration. Indeed, its projected that the next wave ofcomputer progress1 will continue to endanger humanwork where it already has: manufacturing, administrativesupport, retail, and transportation. Most remaining factory jobs are likely to diminish over the next decades. Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care workers, people responsible for our safety, and management positions are the least likely to be automated6. Thenext big thing We might be on the edge of an innovating moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected from the invading armies of robots by their own moats.Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind ofsocial-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good at executing routines, but theyre bad at finding patterns,communicating with people, and making decisions,which is what managers are paid to do. This is whysome people think managersare, for the moment, one ofthe largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI. Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have beenprotected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a futurist who pointed out that machine technology copieda savant infant: Machines could do long math equations instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they cant answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. Asa result, not skilled work done by people without much education (like home health care workers, or fast-food attendants) have been saved, too. The human half In the 19th century, new manufacturing technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In thesecond half of the 20th century, however, software technology took the place of median-salaried office work.The first wave showed that machines are better at assembling things. The second showed that machinesare better at organizing things. Now data analytics andself-driving cars suggest they might be better at pattern recognition and driving. So what are we better at? The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers4, health-care workers, and a super-category that includes education, media, and community service.One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are, and will always be, superior at working with, and caringfor other humans. In this light, automation doesnt makethe world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunitiesfor human creativity. But robots are already creeping into diagnostics and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with software that replaces teaching hours. The fact thatsome industries have been safe from automation for the last three decades3doesnt guarantee that theyll be safefor the next one. It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is scarier5. We dont really have a clue.2 (Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtakingamerican-jobs-2014-1) Glossary: savant infant a child with great knowledge and ability to assemble to make something by joining separate parts to creep to move slowly, quietly and carefully Mark the option that contains an adjective in the same form as in The safest industries and jobs are dominated by managers [...] (reference 4).

(AFA - 2015) JOBS OF THE FUTURE There is no future in any job. The future lies in the person who holds the job. George W. Crane One of my primary complaints with higher education is that they tend to prepare students for jobs of the past. Similarly, the best paying jobs of the future are all jobs that currently exist today. Many of them1will stillexist in the future, but with some changes as technology and communication systems make their impact As a rule of thumb, 60% of the jobs 10 years from now havent been invented yet. With that in mind, Ive decided to put together a list of some jobs that will bein high demand in the future. Jobs before 2020 Many of the changes we see today will causenew jobs to materialize quickly. This first section deals with new positions that will likely2be developed within thenext 10 years. 3D printing engineers Classes in 3D printing are already being introduced into high schools and the demand for printer-produced products will rise3quickly.The trend will be for these worker-less workshops to enter virtually different fields, at the same time, driving the need for competent technicians and engineers todesign and maintain the next wave of this technology. Nano-medics Health professionals capable of workingon the nano-level, both in designing diagnostics systems, remedies, and monitoring solutions will be in highdemand. Organ agents The demand for transplantable organs is exploding4and people who can track down and deliverhealthy organs will be in hot demand. Octogenarian service providers As the population continues to age5we will have record numbers of peopleliving into their 80s, 90s, and 100s. This growing group ofactive oldsters will provide a demand for goods andservices currently not being addressed in todaysmarketplace. Jobs in 2030 and beyond A number of technologies currently on thedrawing board will require a bit longer lead time beforethe industry comes into its own. Here are a few examplesof these kinds of jobs: Body part limb makers The organ agents listed before will quickly find themselves out of work as soon as we figure out how to efficiently grow and mass produceour own organs from scratch. Earthquake forecasters While scientists are developing skills to work with nanoscale precision on theearths surface, the best we can know about below the surface is blindfolded guesswork done with 100-mileprecision. What we dont know is literally killing us over 226,000 killed6in 2010 alone. But that will change overtime as we begin to understand the inner working of the earth and accurately forecast when the next big quakes are about to hit Heavy airengineers Compressed air is useful in a wide variety of ways. However, we have yet to figure out how to compress streams of air as they pass through our existing atmosphere. Once we do, it will create untold opportunity for non-surface based housing andtransportation system, weather control, and other kinds of experimentation. Final thoughts The jobs and occupations listed above are justscratching the surface7. This list is intended to help stretch your imagination and start you down a pathof imagining your own future. (Adapted fromhttp://www.futuristspeaker.com/2011/11/55-jobs-of-the-future) Read the statements and mark the right option. I. Universities and colleges prepare students for jobs that already exist. II. All jobs of the future will be better paid than todays jobs. III. The majority of future jobs are still unknown. The correct statement(s) is (are)