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(AFA - 2013) TEXT II Why Bilinguals Are Smarter Speaking two languages 5rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that 10the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with 11a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even protecting from dementia in old age. This view of bilingualism is 1remarkably different from 12the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that delayed a childs academic and intellectual development. They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilinguals brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isnt so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. Bilinguals, 2for instance, seem to be more adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle Martin-Rhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were asked to sort blue circles and red squares presented on a computer screen into two digital bins one marked with a blue square and the other marked with a red circle. In the first task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin marked with the blue square and red squares in the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did this with comparable ease. Next, the children were asked to sort by shape, which was more challenging because it required placing the images in a bin marked with a conflicting color. 13The bilinguals were quicker at performing this task. 6The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brains 3so-called executive function a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind like remembering a sequence of directions while driving. 14Why does the fight between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought 7the bilingual advantage was centered primarily in an ability for inhibition that was improved by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals 4even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page. The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and 8there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life). In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two languages from birth were compared with peers raised with one language. In an initial set of tests, the infants were presented with an audio stimulus and then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both infant groups learned to look at that side of the screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later set of tests, when the puppet began appearing on the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed to a bilingual environment quickly learned to switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction while the other babies did not. Bilingualisms effects also extend into the twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University of California, San Diego, found that individuals with a higher degree of bilingualism measured through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in each language were more resistant than others to the beginning of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimers disease: the higher the degree of bilingualism, the later the age of occurrence. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. 9But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint? Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefitsof-bilingualism.html One extracted fragment has its correct Tag Question. Mark the item.

(AFA - 2013) TEXT II Why Bilinguals Are Smarter Speaking two languages5rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that10the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with11a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even protecting from dementia in old age. This view of bilingualism is1remarkably different from12the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that delayed a childs academic and intellectual development. They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilinguals brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isnt so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. Bilinguals,2for instance, seem to be more adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle Martin-Rhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were asked to sort blue circles and red squares presented on a computer screen into two digital bins one marked with a blue square and the other marked with a red circle. In the first task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin marked with the blue square and red squares in the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did this with comparable ease. Next, the children were asked to sort by shape, which was more challenging because it required placing the images in a bin marked with a conflicting color.13The bilinguals were quicker at performing this task. 6The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brains3so-called executive function a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind like remembering a sequence of directions while driving. 14Why does the fight between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought7the bilingual advantage was centered primarily in an ability for inhibition that was improved by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals4even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page. The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and8there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life). In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two languages from birth were compared with peers raised with one language. In an initial set of tests, the infants were presented with an audio stimulus and then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both infant groups learned to look at that side of the screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later set of tests, when the puppet began appearing on the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed to a bilingual environment quickly learned to switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction while the other babies did not. Bilingualisms effects also extend into the twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University of California, San Diego, found that individuals with a higher degree of bilingualism measured through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in each language were more resistant than others to the beginning of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimers disease: the higher the degree of bilingualism, the later the age of occurrence. Nobody ever doubted the power of language.9But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint? Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefitsof-bilingualism.html Considering the use of comparison, mark theINCORRECToption.

(AFA - 2013) TEXT II Why Bilinguals Are Smarter Speaking two languages5rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that10the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with11a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even protecting from dementia in old age. This view of bilingualism is1remarkably different from12the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that delayed a childs academic and intellectual development. They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilinguals brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isnt so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. Bilinguals,2for instance, seem to be more adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle Martin-Rhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were asked to sort blue circles and red squares presented on a computer screen into two digital bins one marked with a blue square and the other marked with a red circle. In the first task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin marked with the blue square and red squares in the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did this with comparable ease. Next, the children were asked to sort by shape, which was more challenging because it required placing the images in a bin marked with a conflicting color.13The bilinguals were quicker at performing this task. 6The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brains3so-called executive function a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind like remembering a sequence of directions while driving. 14Why does the fight between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought7the bilingual advantage was centered primarily in an ability for inhibition that was improved by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals4even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page. The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and8there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life). In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two languages from birth were compared with peers raised with one language. In an initial set of tests, the infants were presented with an audio stimulus and then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both infant groups learned to look at that side of the screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later set of tests, when the puppet began appearing on the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed to a bilingual environment quickly learned to switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction while the other babies did not. Bilingualisms effects also extend into the twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University of California, San Diego, found that individuals with a higher degree of bilingualism measured through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in each language were more resistant than others to the beginning of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimers disease: the higher the degree of bilingualism, the later the age of occurrence. Nobody ever doubted the power of language.9But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint? Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/the-benefitsof-bilingualism.html In the question Why does the fight between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? (ref. 14) The author asked

(AFA -2013) TEXTO I A MA DE OURO A Apple supera a Microsoft em valor de mercado, premiando o esprito visionrio e libertrio de Steve Jobs 12A Microsoft e a Apple vieram ao mundo praticamente ao mesmo tempo, em meados dos anos 1970, criadas na garagem de jovens estudantes. Mas as empresas no trilharam caminhos paralelos. A Microsoft desenvolveu o sistema operacional mais popular do mundo e rapidamente se tornou uma das maiores corporaes americanas, rivalizando com gigantes da velha indstria. A Apple, ao contrrio, demorou a decolar. 14Fazia produtos inovadores, mas que vendiam pouco. 4Isso comeou a mudar quando Steve Jobs, um de seus fundadores, 6que fora afastado nos anos 80, assumiu o comando criativo da empresa, em 1996. 11A Apple estava beira da falncia e s ganhou sobrevida porque recebeu um 10aporte de 150 milhes de dlares de Microsoft. Jobs iniciou o lanamento de produtos 8genuinamente revolucionrios nas reas que mais crescem na indstria de tecnologia. Primeiro com o iPod e a loja virtual iTunes. Depois vieram o iPhone e, agora, o iPad. Desde o incio de 2005, o preo das aes da empresa foi multiplicado por oito. 3Na semana passada, a Apple alcanou o cume. 15Tornou-se a companhia de tecnologia mais valiosa do mundo, superando a Microsoft. 13Na sexta-feira, a empresa de Jobs tinha valor de mercado de 233 bilhes de dlares, contra 226 bilhes de dlares da companhia de Bill Gates. 2A Marca, para alm da disputa pessoal entre os 7maiores gnios da nova economia, coroa a estratgia definida por Jobs. Quando ele retornou Apple, tamanha era a descrena no futuro da empresa que Michael Dell, fundador da Dell, afirmou que o melhor a fazer era fechar as portas e devolver o dinheiro a 5seus acionistas. Hoje, a Dell vale um dcimo da Apple. 1O mrito de Jobs foi ter a 9prescincia do rumo que o mercado tomaria. BARRUCHO, Lus Guilherme TSUBOI, Larissa. A ma de ouro. In: Revista Veja, 02 de jun. 2010, p.187. Adaptado. Assinale a alternativa em que o uso da vrgula se d pela mesma razo da que se percebe no trecho abaixo. A Microsoft e a Apple vieram ao mundo praticamente ao mesmo tempo, em meados dos anos 1970, criadas na garagem de jovens estudantes. (ref. 12)

(AFA - 2013) No grfico a seguir, est representado o comprimento L de duas barras A e B em funo da temperatura . Sabendo-se que as retas que representam os comprimentos da barra A e da barra B so paralelas, pode-se afirmar que a razo entre o coeficiente de dilatao linear da barra A e o da barra B

(AFA - 2013) Duas partculas, a e b, que se movimentam ao longo de um mesmo trecho retilneo tem as suas posies (S) dadas em funo do tempo (t), conforme o grfico abaixo. O arco de parbola que representa o movimento da partcula b e o segmento de reta que representa o movimento de a tangenciam-se em t = 3s. Sendo a velocidade inicial da partcula b de 8 m/s o espao percorrido pela partcula a do instante t = 0 at o instante t = 4s em metros, vale

(AFA - 2013) A figura abaixo apresenta a configurao instantnea de uma onda planalongitudinal em um meio ideal. Nela, esto representadas apenas trs superfcies de onda , e , separadas respectivamente por e /2, onde o comprimento de onda da onda. Em relao aos pontos que compem essas superfcies de onda, pode-se fazer as seguintesafirmativas: I. esto todos mutuamente em oposio de fase; II. esto em fase os pontos das superfcies e ; III. esto em fase apenas os pontos das superfcies e ; IV. esto em oposio de fase apenas os pontos das superfcies e . Nessas condies, (so) verdadeira(s):

(AFA - 2013) Uma esfera homognea, rgida, de densidade e de volume V se encontra apoiada e em equilbrio na superfcie inferior de um recipiente, como mostra a figura 1. Nesta situao a superfcie inferior exerce uma fora N1 sobre a esfera. A partir dessa condio, o recipiente vai sendo preenchido lentamente por um lquido de densidade, de tal forma que esse lquido esteja sempre em equilbrio hidrosttico. Num determinado momento, a situao de equilbrio do sistema, no qual a esfera apresenta metade de seu volume submerso, mostrada na figura 2. Quando o recipiente totalmente preenchido pelo lquido, o sistema lquido-esfera se encontra em uma nova condio de equilbrio com a esfera apoiada na superfcie superior do recipiente (figura 3), que exerce uma fora de reao normal N2 sobre a esfera. Nessas condies, a razo dada por

(AFA - 2013) Dois termmetros idnticos, cuja substncia termomtrica olcool etlico, um deles graduado na escala Celsius e o outro graduado na escala Fahrenheit,esto sendo usados simultaneamente por um aluno para medir a temperatura de um mesmosistema fsico no laboratrio de sua escola. Nessas condies, pode-se afirmar corretamente que

(AFA - 2013) Sobre a tira acima, NO se pode afirmar que:

(AFA - 2012) Trs carros,a,bec, com diferentes taxas de consumo de combustvel, percorrero, cada um, 600 km por um mesmo caminho. No ponto de partida, os trs esto com tanque cheio. Aps terem percorrido, cada um, um quintodo total previsto, os carros b e c foram abastecidos completando novamente seus tanques e gastaram, juntos, R$ 66,00. Ao final dos 600 km, os trs carros foram abastecidos, completando seus tanques, e, nesse abastecimento, juntos, gastaram R$ 384,00. Considerando o preo do litro do combustvel usado pelos trs carros a R$ 3,00, a distncia que o carro a percorre, em mdia, com um litro de combustvel

(AFA - 2012) Para evitar que Joo acessesitesnorecomendados na Internet, sua me quer colocar uma senha no computador formada apenas por m letras A e tambm m letras B (sendo m par). Tal senha, quando lida da esquerda para a direita ou da direita para a esquerda, no dever se alterar (Ex.: ABBA). Com essas caractersticas, o nmero mximo de senhas distintas que ela poder criar para depois escolher uma igual a

(AFA - 2012) Considere as proposies abaixo e as classifique em (V) verdadeira ou (F) falsa: Nas funes reaise, se existe a funo composta, entoe. Se uma funo tal que, e, ento uma funo injetora. Se uma funo tal que, , ento, se, e somente se,. A sequncia correta

(AFA - 2012)Conforme a figura abaixo, A o ponto de tangncia das circunferncias de centros C1C2e C3.Sabe-se que os raios dessas circunferncias formam uma progresso geomtrica crescente. Se os raios das circunferncias de centros C1e C2medem, respectivamente, 2re 3r, ento a rea da regio sombreada vale, em unidades de rea,

(AFA - 2012) Um slido macio foi obtido quando a base de uma pirmide hexagonal regular de altura 6 cm foi colada base de uma pirmide reta de base retangular e altura 3 cm, de forma que 4 dos 6 vrtices da base da primeira coincidam com os vrtices da base da segunda, conforme figura. Desprezando-se o volume da cola, se a aresta da base da pirmide hexagonal mede cm, ento, o volume do slido obtido, em cm3 , igual a