Questões de f - ITA | Gabarito e resoluções

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: 1CAN LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER? Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier. He explains why. Let me tell you a bit about myself. Im 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. 2The rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my savings. Some of you may think that Im a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly dont care about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: Im perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions. Minimalism is a lifestyle in which 3you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, 4it has also led to a more fundamental shift. Its given me a chance to think about what it really means to be happy. We think that 5the more we have, the happier we will be. 6We never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you dont miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes. So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which Id had for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. 7I feel more content now than I ever did in the past. I wasnt always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldnt throw anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person. At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better things, 8which often made me miserable. I couldnt focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didnt treat women fairly. I didnt try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy. My apartment wasnt horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked everywhere because there wasnt enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or twice, thinking that 9I would read them when I had the time. The closet was crammed with what used to be my favorite clothes, most of which Id only worn a few times. The room was filled with all the things Id taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks Id planned to study once I had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, 10which of course I had never once put a roll of film in. 11It may sound as if Im exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to me: All you did is throw things away, which is true. 12But by having fewer things around, Ive started feeling happier each day. Im slowly beginning to understand what happiness is. If you are anything like I used to be miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life sucks 13I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy happiness only makes us happy for a little while. Fonte: adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/apr/12/goodbye-things-hello-minimalism-can-living-with-lessmake-you-happier. Acesso em: 21 mai. 2017. Antes da mudana, Fumio acumulava bens materiais porque

(ITA- 2018 - 2 FASE)

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) A questo refere-se ao texto a seguir: FRAYING AT THE EDGES: A LIFE-CHANGING DIAGNOSIS IT BEGAN WITH what she saw in the bathroom mirror. On a dull morning, Geri Taylor padded into the shiny bathroom of her Manhattan apartment. She casually1 checked her reflection in the mirror, doing her daily inventory. Immediately, she stiffened with fright. Huh? What? She didnt recognize herself. She gazed saucer-eyed at her image, thinking: Oh, is this what I look like? No, thats not me. Whos that in my mirror? This was in late 2012. She was 69, in her early months getting familiar with retirement. For some time she had experienced the sensation of clouds coming over her, mantling thought. There had been a few hiccups at her job. She had been a nurse who climbed the rungs to health care executive. Once, she was leading a staff meeting6 when she had no idea what she was talking about, her mind like a stalled engine that wouldnt turn over. Fortunately2 I was the boss and I just said, Enough of that; Sally, tell me what youre up to,she would say of the episode. Certain mundane tasks stumped her. She told her husband, Jim Taylor, that the blind in the bedroom was broken. He showed her she was pulling the wrong cord. Kept happening. Finally3, nothing else working, he scribbled on the adjacent wall which cord was which. Then there was the day she got off the subway at 14th Street and Seventh Avenue unable to figure out why she was there. So, yes, she had had inklings7 that something was going wrong with her mind. She held tight to thesethoughts. She even hid her suspicions from Mr. Taylor, who chalked up her thinning8 memory to the infirmities of age. I thought she was getting like me,he said. Ihad been forgetful for 10 years. But to not recognize her own face! To Ms. Taylor, this was the drop-dead momentwhen she had to accept a terrible truth. She wasnt just seeing the twitches of aging but the early4 fumes of the disease. She had no further issues with mirrors, but there was no ignoring9 that something important had happened. She confided her fears to her husband and made an appointment with a neurologist. Before then I thought I could fake it,she would explain. This convinced me I had to come clean. In November 2012, she saw the neurologist who was treating her migraines. He listened to hersymptoms, took blood, gave her the Mini Mental State Examination, a standard cognitive test made up of aset of unremarkable questions and commands. (For instance, she was asked to count backward from 100 in intervals of seven; she had to say the phrase: No ifs, ands or buts; she was told to pick up a piece of paper, fold it in half and place it on the floor beside her.) He told her three common words, said he was going to ask her them in a little bit. He emphasized this by pointing10 a finger at his head remember those words. That simple. Yet when he called for them, she knew only one: Beach. In her mind, she would go on to associate it with the doctor, thinking of him as Dr.Beach. He gave a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, a common precursor to Alzheimers disease. Thefirst label put on what she had. Even then, she understood it was the footfall of what would come. Alzheimers had struck her father, a paternal aunt and a cousin. She long suspected it would eventually5 find her. Fonte: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/01/nyregion/living-with-alzheimers.html?action=clickcontentCollection=Americasmodule=Trendingversion=Fullregion= Marginaliapgtype=article. (acesso em 1/05/2016). Quanto ao gnero textual, o texto pode ser classificado como

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) Sejam X e Y dois conjuntos finitos com X Y e X Y . Considere as seguintes afirmaes: Existe uma bijeo f : X Y . Existe uma funo injetora g : Y X. O nmero de funes injetoras f : X Y igual ao nmero de funes sobrejetoras g : Y X. (so) verdadeira(s)

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) Ondas gravitacionais foram previstas por Einstein em 1916 e diretamente detectadas pela primeira vez em 2015. Sob determinadas condies, um sistema girando com velocidade angular irradia tais ondas com potncia proporcional a em que G a constante de gravitao universal; c, a velocidade da luz e Q, uma grandeza que tem unidade em kg.m2. Assinale a opo correta.

(ITA - 2017 - 2 FASE) Considere as retas de equaes e , em que a, b, c so reais. Sabendo que r e s so perpendiculares entre si, com r passando por (0, 1) e s,por (2 , 4), determine a rea do tringulo formado pelas retas r, s e o eixo x.

(ITA - 2017 - 2 FASE) Em queda livre a partir do repouso, um im atravessa longitudinalmente o interior de um tubo de plstico, sem tocar-lhe as paredes, durante um intervalo de tempo t. Caso este tubo fosse de metal, o tempo para essa travessia seria maior, igual ou menor que t? Justifique sua resposta.

(ITA - 2017 - 1FASE) Pode-se utilizar metais de sacrifcio para proteger estruturas de ao (tais como pontes, antenas e cascos de navios) da corroso eletroqumica. Considere os seguintes metais: Alumnio Magnsio Paldio Sdio Zinco Assinale a opo que apresenta o(s) metal(is) de sacrifcio que pode(m) ser utilizado(s).

(ITA - 2017- 2 Fase) Gs cloro borbulhado em uma soluo aquosa concentrada de NaOH a quente, obtendo-se dois nions X e Y. a) Quais so estas espcies X e Y? b) Com a adio de soluo aquosa de nitrato de prata poder-se-ia identificar estes nions? Justifique sua resposta utilizando equaes qumicas e descrevendo as caractersticas do(s) produto(s) formado(s).

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) O nmero de solues da equao , com ,

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) A questo refere-se ao texto a seguir: FRAYING AT THE EDGES: A LIFE-CHANGING DIAGNOSIS IT BEGAN WITH what she saw in the bathroom mirror. On a dull morning, Geri Taylor padded into the shiny bathroom of her Manhattan apartment. She casually1 checked her reflection in the mirror, doing her daily inventory. Immediately, she stiffened with fright. Huh? What? She didnt recognize herself. She gazed saucer-eyed at her image, thinking: Oh, is this what I look like? No, thats not me. Whos that in my mirror? This was in late 2012. She was 69, in her early months getting familiar with retirement. For some time she had experienced the sensation of clouds coming over her, mantling thought. There had been a few hiccups at her job. She had been a nurse who climbed the rungs to health care executive. Once, she was leading a staff meeting6 when she had no idea what she was talking about, her mind like a stalled engine that wouldnt turn over. Fortunately2 I was the boss and I just said, Enough of that; Sally, tell me what youre up to,she would say of the episode. Certain mundane tasks stumped her. She told her husband, Jim Taylor, that the blind in the bedroom was broken. He showed her she was pulling the wrong cord. Kept happening. Finally3, nothing else working, he scribbled on the adjacent wall which cord was which. Then there was the day she got off the subway at 14th Street and Seventh Avenue unable to figure out why she was there. So, yes, she had had inklings7 that something was going wrong with her mind. She held tight to thesethoughts. She even hid her suspicions from Mr. Taylor, who chalked up her thinning8 memory to the infirmities of age. I thought she was getting like me,he said. Ihad been forgetful for 10 years. But to not recognize her own face! To Ms. Taylor, this was the drop-dead momentwhen she had to accept a terrible truth. She wasnt just seeing the twitches of aging but the early4 fumes of the disease. She had no further issues with mirrors, but there was no ignoring9 that something important had happened. She confided her fears to her husband and made an appointment with a neurologist. Before then I thought I could fake it,she would explain. This convinced me I had to come clean. In November 2012, she saw the neurologist who was treating her migraines. He listened to hersymptoms, took blood, gave her the Mini Mental State Examination, a standard cognitive test made up of aset of unremarkable questions and commands. (For instance, she was asked to count backward from 100 in intervals of seven; she had to say the phrase: No ifs, ands or buts; she was told to pick up a piece of paper, fold it in half and place it on the floor beside her.) He told her three common words, said he was going to ask her them in a little bit. He emphasized this by pointing10 a finger at his head remember those words. That simple. Yet when he called for them, she knew only one: Beach. In her mind, she would go on to associate it with the doctor, thinking of him as Dr.Beach. He gave a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, a common precursor to Alzheimers disease. Thefirst label put on what she had. Even then, she understood it was the footfall of what would come. Alzheimers had struck her father, a paternal aunt and a cousin. She long suspected it would eventually5 find her. Fonte: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/01/nyregion/living-with-alzheimers.html?action=clickcontentCollection=Americasmodule=Trendingversion=Fullregion= Marginaliapgtype=article. (acesso em 1/05/2016). Quanto narrativa, o texto apresentado

(ITA - 2017 - 2 FASE) Suponha que a atmosfera de Vnus seja composta dos gases CO2, N2, Ar, Ne e He, em equilbrio trmico a uma temperatura T = 735 K. a) Determine a razo entre a velocidade quadrtica mdia das molculas de cada gs e a velocidade de escape nesse planeta. b) Que concluso pode ser obtida sobre a provvel concentrao desses gases nessa atmosfera? Obs.: Considere Vnus com o raio igual ao da Terra e a massa igual a 0,810 vezes a desta.

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) Um basto rgido e uniforme, de comprimento L, toca os pinos P e Q fixados numa parede vertical, interdistantes de a, conforme a figura. O coeficiente de atrito entre cada pino e o basto , e o ngulo deste com a horizontal . Assinale a condio em que se torna possvel o equilbrio esttico do basto.

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) A reao do mercrio metlico com excesso de cido sulfrico concentrado a quente produz um gs mais denso do que o ar. Dois teros deste gs so absorvidos e reagem completamente com uma soluo aquosa de hidrxido de sdio, formando 12,6 g de um sal. A soluo de cido sulfrico utilizada tem massa especfica igual a 1,75 gcm-3 e concentrao de 80 % em massa. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o volume consumido da soluo de cido sulfrico, em cm3. Dados de massa molar (g/mol): Na = 23 ; S = 32 ; O = 16 ; H = 1.

(ITA - 2017 - 2 FASE) Determine todos os valores reais de xque satisfazem a inequao