Questões - UFPR | Gabarito e resoluções

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) Volando hacia la muerte Como ahora estamos todava estremecidos por el caso de Diego, el nio de 11 aos que se arroj por la ventana de una quinta planta, nos parece que el acoso escolar es una abominacin tan espantosa que todos nos vamos a unir contra ello y vamos a acabar con esta lacra. Nuestra indignacin es muy loable, pero a m lo que ms me indigna, precisamente, es que esta atrocidad inadmisible termina siendo digerida y a la postre admitida una y otra vez por las enormes tragaderas de nuestra cmplice y ablica sociedad. Cinco meses antes que Diego, y tambin en Madrid, Arancha, de 16 aos, con discapacidad intelectual y motora, se arroj por el hueco de una escalera de seis pisos tras sufrir palizas y chantajes por parte de un compaero, que adems cometa estas brutalidades delante de numerosos testigos que jams hicieron nada. Claro que tampoco hicimos mucho los dems, el Gobierno, las instituciones, los ciudadanos. Tambin se nos encogi nuestro delicado corazn en 2013, cuando Carla, una chica de 14 aos, se tir desde un acantilado en Gijn. Su nico delito era ser estrbica, y a causa de ello dos compaeras la maltrataron hasta llevarla a la muerte. Pero ya ven, al poco de aquella tragedia se nos fue el asunto de la cabeza. Ya nos haba acometido antes una desmemoria parecida: la primera vez que se habl de forma masiva del acoso escolar fue en 2004, cuando Jokin Ceberio, de 14 aos, se mat lanzndose desde la muralla de Hondarribia tras dos aos de sistemtica tortura. Entonces nos rasgamos las vestiduras y se nos llen la boca de buenos propsitos. Hasta que la gran ballena arponeada del acoso escolar se sumergi de nuevo bajo las aguas de nuestra indiferencia. Han pasado 12 aos desde la tragedia de Jokin y aqu seguimos, enterrando nios. Tras el suicidio de Diego contact conmigo Roco, una chica de 24 aos de un pueblo de Sevilla. Padece una deficiencia visual grave y ha sido atormentada desde los 8 aos hasta los 17. Y durante todo ese tiempo los profesores jams le ayudaron. No slo eso: a menudo agravaron el problema. Ahora, a los 24, Roco est terminando Psicologa: Aprend que el maltrato se origina sobre todo cuando un nio al que consideran discapacitado obtiene buenos resultados escolares, como yo. Hasta septiembre, que empez una terapia, sigui traumatizada por su pasado. No poda leer una noticia de acoso sin angustiarse y segua teniendo miedo a los nios. Quiero decir que este tormento deja profundas huellas. [] Necesitamos un plan nacional contra el acoso, incluso una ley. Necesitamos que este tema sea un asunto de Estado, hoy y para siempre. Ni un nio ms volando hacia la muerte. (MONTERO, Rosa. disponible en: www.elpais.com. Texto adaptado.) Se utiliza la metfora de la ballena arponeada con el propsito de sugerir que:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) Volando hacia la muerte Como ahora estamos todava estremecidos por el caso de Diego, el nio de 11 aos que se arroj por la ventana de una quinta planta, nos parece que el acoso escolar es una abominacin tan espantosa que todos nos vamos a unir contra ello y vamos a acabar con esta lacra. Nuestra indignacin es muy loable, pero a m lo que ms me indigna, precisamente, es que esta atrocidad inadmisible termina siendo digerida y a la postre admitida una y otra vez por las enormes tragaderas de nuestra cmplice y ablica sociedad. Cinco meses antes que Diego, y tambin en Madrid, Arancha, de 16 aos, con discapacidad intelectual y motora, se arroj por el hueco de una escalera de seis pisos tras sufrir palizas y chantajes por parte de un compaero, que adems cometa estas brutalidades delante de numerosos testigos que jams hicieron nada. Claro que tampoco hicimos mucho los dems, el Gobierno, las instituciones, los ciudadanos. Tambin se nos encogi nuestro delicado corazn en 2013, cuando Carla, una chica de 14 aos, se tir desde un acantilado en Gijn. Su nico delito era ser estrbica, y a causa de ello dos compaeras la maltrataron hasta llevarla a la muerte. Pero ya ven, al poco de aquella tragedia se nos fue el asunto de la cabeza. Ya nos haba acometido antes una desmemoria parecida: la primera vez que se habl de forma masiva del acoso escolar fue en 2004, cuando Jokin Ceberio, de 14 aos, se mat lanzndose desde la muralla de Hondarribia tras dos aos de sistemtica tortura. Entonces nos rasgamos las vestiduras y se nos llen la boca de buenos propsitos. Hasta que la gran ballena arponeada del acoso escolar se sumergi de nuevo bajo las aguas de nuestra indiferencia. Han pasado 12 aos desde la tragedia de Jokin y aqu seguimos, enterrando nios. Tras el suicidio de Diego contact conmigo Roco, una chica de 24 aos de un pueblo de Sevilla. Padece una deficiencia visual grave y ha sido atormentada desde los 8 aos hasta los 17. Y durante todo ese tiempo los profesores jams le ayudaron. No slo eso: a menudo agravaron el problema. Ahora, a los 24, Roco est terminando Psicologa: Aprend que el maltrato se origina sobre todo cuando un nio al que consideran discapacitado obtiene buenos resultados escolares, como yo. Hasta septiembre, que empez una terapia, sigui traumatizada por su pasado. No poda leer una noticia de acoso sin angustiarse y segua teniendo miedo a los nios. Quiero decir que este tormento deja profundas huellas. [] Necesitamos un plan nacional contra el acoso, incluso una ley. Necesitamos que este tema sea un asunto de Estado, hoy y para siempre. Ni un nio ms volando hacia la muerte. (MONTERO, Rosa. disponible en: www.elpais.com. Texto adaptado.) Pese a la indignacin generalizada, la autora argumenta que el acoso escolar sigue existiendo dado/a:

Six things I learned from riding in a Google self-driving car 1 - Human beings are terrible drivers. We drink. We doze. We text. In the US, 30,000people die from automobile accidents every year. Traffic crashes are the primary cause of death worldwide for people aged 15-24, and during a crash, 40%of drivers never even hit the brakes. Were flawed organisms, barreling around at high speeds in vessels covered in glass, metal, distraction, and death. This is one of Googles moonshots to remove human error from a job which, for the past hundred years, has been entirely human. 2 - Google self-driving cars are timid. The car we rode in did not strike me as dangerous. It drove slowly and deliberately, and I got the impression that its more likely to annoy other drivers than to harm them. In the early versions they tested on closed courses, the vehicles were programmed to be highly aggressive. Apparently during these tests, which involved obstacle courses full of traffic cones and inflatable crash-test objects, there were a lot of screeching brakes, roaring engines and terrified interns. 3 - Theyre cute. Googles new fleet was intentionally designed to look adorable. Our brains are hardwired to treat inanimate (or animate) objects with greater care, caution, and reverence when they resemble a living thing. By turning self-driving cars into an adorable Skynet Marshmallow Bumper Bots, Google hopes to spiritually disarm other drivers. I also suspect the cuteness is used to quell some of the road rage that might emerge from being stuck behind one of these things. Theyre intended as moderate-distance couriers, not open-road warriors, so their max speed is 25miles per hour. 4 - Its not done and its not perfect. Some of the scenarios autonomous vehicles have the most trouble with are the same human beings have the most trouble with, such as traversing four-way stops or handling a yellow light. The cars use a mixture of 3D laser-mapping, GPS, and radar to analyze and interpret their surroundings, and the latest versions are fully electric with a range of about 100 miles. Despite the advantages over a human being in certain scenarios, however, these cars still arent ready for the real world. They cant drive in the snow or heavy rain, and theres a variety of complex situations they do not process well, such as passing through a construction zone. Google is hoping that, eventually, the cars will be able to handle all of this as well (or better) than a human could. 5 - I want this technology to succeed, like yesterday. Im biased. Earlier this year my mom had a stroke. It damaged the visual cortex of her brain, and her vision was impaired to the point that shell probably never drive again. This reduced her from a fully-functional, independent human being with a career and a buzzing social life into someone who is homebound, disabled, and powerless. When discussing self-driving cars, people tend to ask many superficial questions. They ignore that 45% of disabled people in the US still work. They ignore that 95%of a cars lifetime is spent parked. They ignore how this technology could transform the lives of the elderly, or eradicate the need for parking lots or garages or gas stations. They dismiss the entire concept because they dont think a computer could ever be as good at merging on the freeway as they are. They ignore the great, big, beautiful picture: that this technology could make our lives so much better. 6 - It wasnt an exhilarating ride, and thats a good thing. Riding in a self-driving car is not the cybernetic thrill ride one might expect. The car drives like a person, and after a few minutes you forget that youre being driven autonomously. You forget that a robot is differentiating cars from pedestrians from mopeds from raccoons. You forget that millions of photons are being fired from a laser and interpreting, processing, and reacting to the hand signals of a cyclist. You forget that instead of an organic brain, which has had millions of years to evolve the cognitive ability to fumble its way through a four-way stop, youre being piloted by an artificial one, which was birthed in less than a decade. The unfortunate part of something this transformative is the inevitable, ardent stupidity which is going to erupt from the general public. Even if in a few years self-driving cars are proven to be ten times safer than human-operated cars, all its going to take is one tragic accident and the public is going to lose their minds. There will be outrage. There will be politicizing. There will be hashtags. I say look at the bigger picture. All the self-driving cars currently on the road learn from one another, and possess 40 years of driving experience. And this technology is still in its infancy. (Adapted from: http://theoatmeal.com/blog/google_self_driving_car. 21/08/2016.) Consider the following characteristics of the new Google self-driving car: 1. It runs on batteries and petrol. 2. It can be used in extreme weather conditions. 3. It has a design which requires further modifications. 4. It can reach the speed of 25 miles per hour. Mark the correct alternative.

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) Six things I learned from riding in a Google self-driving car 1 - Human beings are terrible drivers. We drink. We doze. We text. In the US, 30,000people die from automobile accidents every year. Traffic crashes are the primary cause of death worldwide for people aged 15-24, and during a crash, 40%of drivers never even hit the brakes. Were flawed organisms, barreling around at high speeds in vessels covered in glass, metal, distraction, and death. This is one of Googles moonshots to remove human error from a job which, for the past hundred years, has been entirely human. 2 - Google self-driving cars are timid. The car we rode in did not strike me as dangerous. It drove slowly and deliberately, and I got the impression that its more likely to annoy other drivers than to harm them. In the early versions they tested on closed courses, the vehicles were programmed to be highly aggressive. Apparently during these tests, which involved obstacle courses full of traffic cones and inflatable crash-test objects, there were a lot of screeching brakes, roaring engines and terrified interns. 3 - Theyre cute. Googles new fleet was intentionally designed to look adorable. Our brains are hardwired to treat inanimate (or animate) objects with greater care, caution, and reverence when they resemble a living thing. By turning self-driving cars into an adorable Skynet Marshmallow Bumper Bots, Google hopes to spiritually disarm other drivers. I also suspect the cuteness is used to quell some of the road rage that might emerge from being stuck behind one of these things. Theyre intended as moderate-distance couriers, not open-road warriors, so their max speed is 25miles per hour. 4 - Its not done and its not perfect. Some of the scenarios autonomous vehicles have the most trouble with are the same human beings have the most trouble with, such as traversing four-way stops or handling a yellow light. The cars use a mixture of 3D laser-mapping, GPS, and radar to analyze and interpret their surroundings, and the latest versions are fully electric with a range of about 100 miles. Despite the advantages over a human being in certain scenarios, however, these cars still arent ready for the real world. They cant drive in the snow or heavy rain, and theres a variety of complex situations they do not process well, such as passing through a construction zone. Google is hoping that, eventually, the cars will be able to handle all of this as well (or better) than a human could. 5 - I want this technology to succeed, like yesterday. Im biased. Earlier this year my mom had a stroke. It damaged the visual cortex of her brain, and her vision was impaired to the point that shell probably never drive again. This reduced her from a fully-functional, independent human being with a career and a buzzing social life into someone who is homebound, disabled, and powerless. When discussing self-driving cars, people tend to ask many superficial questions. They ignore that 45% of disabled people in the US still work. They ignore that 95%of a cars lifetime is spent parked. They ignore how this technology could transform the lives of the elderly, or eradicate the need for parking lots or garages or gas stations. They dismiss the entire concept because they dont think a computer could ever be as good at merging on the freeway as they are. They ignore the great, big, beautiful picture: that this technology could make our lives so much better. 6 - It wasnt an exhilarating ride, and thats a good thing. Riding in a self-driving car is not the cybernetic thrill ride one might expect. The car drives like a person, and after a few minutes you forget that youre being driven autonomously. You forget that a robot is differentiating cars from pedestrians from mopeds from raccoons. You forget that millions of photons are being fired from a laser and interpreting, processing, and reacting to the hand signals of a cyclist. You forget that instead of an organic brain, which has had millions of years to evolve the cognitive ability to fumble its way through a four-way stop, youre being piloted by an artificial one, which was birthed in less than a decade. The unfortunate part of something this transformative is the inevitable, ardent stupidity which is going to erupt from the general public. Even if in a few years self-driving cars are proven to be ten times safer than human-operated cars, all its going to take is one tragic accident and the public is going to lose their minds. There will be outrage. There will be politicizing. There will be hashtags. I say look at the bigger picture. All the self-driving cars currently on the road learn from one another, and possess 40 years of driving experience. And this technology is still in its infancy. (Adapted from: http://theoatmeal.com/blog/google_self_driving_car. 21/08/2016.) The word they, in boldface and underlined, in section 3, refers to:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) Volando hacia la muerte Como ahora estamos todava estremecidos por el caso de Diego, el nio de 11 aos que se arroj por la ventana de una quinta planta, nos parece que el acoso escolar es una abominacin tan espantosa que todos nos vamos a unir contra ello y vamos a acabar con esta lacra. Nuestra indignacin es muy loable, pero a m lo que ms me indigna, precisamente, es que esta atrocidad inadmisible termina siendo digerida y a la postre admitida una y otra vez por las enormes tragaderas de nuestra cmplice y ablica sociedad. Cinco meses antes que Diego, y tambin en Madrid, Arancha, de 16 aos, con discapacidad intelectual y motora, se arroj por el hueco de una escalera de seis pisos tras sufrir palizas y chantajes por parte de un compaero, que adems cometa estas brutalidades delante de numerosos testigos que jams hicieron nada. Claro que tampoco hicimos mucho los dems, el Gobierno, las instituciones, los ciudadanos. Tambin se nos encogi nuestro delicado corazn en 2013, cuando Carla, una chica de 14 aos, se tir desde un acantilado en Gijn. Su nico delito era ser estrbica, y a causa de ello dos compaeras la maltrataron hasta llevarla a la muerte. Pero ya ven, al poco de aquella tragedia se nos fue el asunto de la cabeza. Ya nos haba acometido antes una desmemoria parecida: la primera vez que se habl de forma masiva del acoso escolar fue en 2004, cuando Jokin Ceberio, de 14 aos, se mat lanzndose desde la muralla de Hondarribia tras dos aos de sistemtica tortura. Entonces nos rasgamos las vestiduras y se nos llen la boca de buenos propsitos. Hasta que la gran ballena arponeada del acoso escolar se sumergi de nuevo bajo las aguas de nuestra indiferencia. Han pasado 12 aos desde la tragedia de Jokin y aqu seguimos, enterrando nios. Tras el suicidio de Diego contact conmigo Roco, una chica de 24 aos de un pueblo de Sevilla. Padece una deficiencia visual grave y ha sido atormentada desde los 8 aos hasta los 17. Y durante todo ese tiempo los profesores jams le ayudaron. No slo eso: a menudo agravaron el problema. Ahora, a los 24, Roco est terminando Psicologa: Aprend que el maltrato se origina sobre todo cuando un nio al que consideran discapacitado obtiene buenos resultados escolares, como yo. Hasta septiembre, que empez una terapia, sigui traumatizada por su pasado. No poda leer una noticia de acoso sin angustiarse y segua teniendo miedo a los nios. Quiero decir que este tormento deja profundas huellas. [] Necesitamos un plan nacional contra el acoso, incluso una ley. Necesitamos que este tema sea un asunto de Estado, hoy y para siempre. Ni un nio ms volando hacia la muerte. (MONTERO, Rosa. disponible en: www.elpais.com. Texto adaptado.) Para Roco, los acosados suelen tener como caracterstica comn:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) Six things I learned from riding in a Google self-driving car 1 - Human beings are terrible drivers. We drink. We doze. We text. In the US, 30,000people die from automobile accidents every year. Traffic crashes are the primary cause of death worldwide for people aged 15-24, and during a crash, 40%of drivers never even hit the brakes. Were flawed organisms, barreling around at high speeds in vessels covered in glass, metal, distraction, and death. This is one of Googles moonshots to remove human error from a job which, for the past hundred years, has been entirely human. 2 - Google self-driving cars are timid. The car we rode in did not strike me as dangerous. It drove slowly and deliberately, and I got the impression that its more likely to annoy other drivers than to harm them. In the early versions they tested on closed courses, the vehicles were programmed to be highly aggressive. Apparently during these tests, which involved obstacle courses full of traffic cones and inflatable crash-test objects, there were a lot of screeching brakes, roaring engines and terrified interns. 3 - Theyre cute. Googles new fleet was intentionally designed to look adorable. Our brains are hardwired to treat inanimate (or animate) objects with greater care, caution, and reverence when they resemble a living thing. By turning self-driving cars into an adorable Skynet Marshmallow Bumper Bots, Google hopes to spiritually disarm other drivers. I also suspect the cuteness is used to quell some of the road rage that might emerge from being stuck behind one of these things. Theyre intended as moderate-distance couriers, not open-road warriors, so their max speed is 25miles per hour. 4 - Its not done and its not perfect. Some of the scenarios autonomous vehicles have the most trouble with are the same human beings have the most trouble with, such as traversing four-way stops or handling a yellow light. The cars use a mixture of 3D laser-mapping, GPS, and radar to analyze and interpret their surroundings, and the latest versions are fully electric with a range of about 100 miles. Despite the advantages over a human being in certain scenarios, however, these cars still arent ready for the real world. They cant drive in the snow or heavy rain, and theres a variety of complex situations they do not process well, such as passing through a construction zone. Google is hoping that, eventually, the cars will be able to handle all of this as well (or better) than a human could. 5 - I want this technology to succeed, like yesterday. Im biased. Earlier this year my mom had a stroke. It damaged the visual cortex of her brain, and her vision was impaired to the point that shell probably never drive again. This reduced her from a fully-functional, independent human being with a career and a buzzing social life into someone who is homebound, disabled, and powerless. When discussing self-driving cars, people tend to ask many superficial questions. They ignore that 45% of disabled people in the US still work. They ignore that 95%of a cars lifetime is spent parked. They ignore how this technology could transform the lives of the elderly, or eradicate the need for parking lots or garages or gas stations. They dismiss the entire concept because they dont think a computer could ever be as good at merging on the freeway as they are. They ignore the great, big, beautiful picture: that this technology could make our lives so much better. 6 - It wasnt an exhilarating ride, and thats a good thing. Riding in a self-driving car is not the cybernetic thrill ride one might expect. The car drives like a person, and after a few minutes you forget that youre being driven autonomously. You forget that a robot is differentiating cars from pedestrians from mopeds from raccoons. You forget that millions of photons are being fired from a laser and interpreting, processing, and reacting to the hand signals of a cyclist. You forget that instead of an organic brain, which has had millions of years to evolve the cognitive ability to fumble its way through a four-way stop, youre being piloted by an artificial one, which was birthed in less than a decade. The unfortunate part of something this transformative is the inevitable, ardent stupidity which is going to erupt from the general public. Even if in a few years self-driving cars are proven to be ten times safer than human-operated cars, all its going to take is one tragic accident and the public is going to lose their minds. There will be outrage. There will be politicizing. There will be hashtags. I say look at the bigger picture. All the self-driving cars currently on the road learn from one another, and possess 40 years of driving experience. And this technology is still in its infancy. (Adapted from: http://theoatmeal.com/blog/google_self_driving_car. 21/08/2016.) The text points out that the design of the self-driving car is deliberately attractive because:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) Con base en la infografa, considera las siguientes afirmativas: 1. estn concentrados en determinada clase econmica. 2. se representan de manera equilibrada entre hombres y mujeres. 3. el treinta por ciento de los usuarios tiene menos de tres dcadas de vida. 4. suelen conocer personalmente a sus amistades virtuales. Sobre los adictos a las redes sociales, estn correctas las afirmativas:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) Segn la infografa, puede considerarse sntoma de adiccin a las redes:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) Six things I learned from riding in a Google self-driving car 1 - Human beings are terrible drivers. We drink. We doze. We text. In the US, 30,000people die from automobile accidents every year. Traffic crashes are the primary cause of death worldwide for people aged 15-24, and during a crash, 40%of drivers never even hit the brakes. Were flawed organisms, barreling around at high speeds in vessels covered in glass, metal, distraction, and death. This is one of Googles moonshots to remove human error from a job which, for the past hundred years, has been entirely human. 2 - Google self-driving cars are timid. The car we rode in did not strike me as dangerous. It drove slowly and deliberately, and I got the impression that its more likely to annoy other drivers than to harm them. In the early versions they tested on closed courses, the vehicles were programmed to be highly aggressive. Apparently during these tests, which involved obstacle courses full of traffic cones and inflatable crash-test objects, there were a lot of screeching brakes, roaring engines and terrified interns. 3 - Theyre cute. Googles new fleet was intentionally designed to look adorable. Our brains are hardwired to treat inanimate (or animate) objects with greater care, caution, and reverence when they resemble a living thing. By turning self-driving cars into an adorable Skynet Marshmallow Bumper Bots, Google hopes to spiritually disarm other drivers. I also suspect the cuteness is used to quell some of the road rage that might emerge from being stuck behind one of these things. Theyre intended as moderate-distance couriers, not open-road warriors, so their max speed is 25miles per hour. 4 - Its not done and its not perfect. Some of the scenarios autonomous vehicles have the most trouble with are the same human beings have the most trouble with, such as traversing four-way stops or handling a yellow light. The cars use a mixture of 3D laser-mapping, GPS, and radar to analyze and interpret their surroundings, and the latest versions are fully electric with a range of about 100 miles. Despite the advantages over a human being in certain scenarios, however, these cars still arent ready for the real world. They cant drive in the snow or heavy rain, and theres a variety of complex situations they do not process well, such as passing through a construction zone. Google is hoping that, eventually, the cars will be able to handle all of this as well (or better) than a human could. 5 - I want this technology to succeed, like yesterday. Im biased. Earlier this year my mom had a stroke. It damaged the visual cortex of her brain, and her vision was impaired to the point that shell probably never drive again. This reduced her from a fully-functional, independent human being with a career and a buzzing social life into someone who is homebound, disabled, and powerless. When discussing self-driving cars, people tend to ask many superficial questions. They ignore that 45% of disabled people in the US still work. They ignore that 95%of a cars lifetime is spent parked. They ignore how this technology could transform the lives of the elderly, or eradicate the need for parking lots or garages or gas stations. They dismiss the entire concept because they dont think a computer could ever be as good at merging on the freeway as they are. They ignore the great, big, beautiful picture: that this technology could make our lives so much better. 6 - It wasnt an exhilarating ride, and thats a good thing. Riding in a self-driving car is not the cybernetic thrill ride one might expect. The car drives like a person, and after a few minutes you forget that youre being driven autonomously. You forget that a robot is differentiating cars from pedestrians from mopeds from raccoons. You forget that millions of photons are being fired from a laser and interpreting, processing, and reacting to the hand signals of a cyclist. You forget that instead of an organic brain, which has had millions of years to evolve the cognitive ability to fumble its way through a four-way stop, youre being piloted by an artificial one, which was birthed in less than a decade. The unfortunate part of something this transformative is the inevitable, ardent stupidity which is going to erupt from the general public. Even if in a few years self-driving cars are proven to be ten times safer than human-operated cars, all its going to take is one tragic accident and the public is going to lose their minds. There will be outrage. There will be politicizing. There will be hashtags. I say look at the bigger picture. All the self-driving cars currently on the road learn from one another, and possess 40 years of driving experience. And this technology is still in its infancy. (Adapted from: http://theoatmeal.com/blog/google_self_driving_car. 21/08/2016.) In the sentence They dismiss the entire concept because they dont think a computer, the underlined word can be substituted, without losing its meaning, by:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) De las personas que prefieren estar conectadas a tener una cita:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1aFASE) Six things I learned from riding in a Google self-driving car 1 - Human beings are terrible drivers. We drink. We doze. We text. In the US, 30,000people die from automobile accidents every year. Traffic crashes are the primary cause of death worldwide for people aged 15-24, and during a crash, 40%of drivers never even hit the brakes. Were flawed organisms, barreling around at high speeds in vessels covered in glass, metal, distraction, and death. This is one of Googles moonshots to remove human error from a job which, for the past hundred years, has been entirely human. 2 - Google self-driving cars are timid. The car we rode in did not strike me as dangerous. It drove slowly and deliberately, and I got the impression that its more likely to annoy other drivers than to harm them. In the early versions they tested on closed courses, the vehicles were programmed to be highly aggressive. Apparently during these tests, which involved obstacle courses full of traffic cones and inflatable crash-test objects, there were a lot of screeching brakes, roaring engines and terrified interns. 3 - Theyre cute. Googles new fleet was intentionally designed to look adorable. Our brains are hardwired to treat inanimate (or animate) objects with greater care, caution, and reverence when they resemble a living thing. By turning self-driving cars into an adorable Skynet Marshmallow Bumper Bots, Google hopes to spiritually disarm other drivers. I also suspect the cuteness is used to quell some of the road rage that might emerge from being stuck behind one of these things. Theyre intended as moderate-distance couriers, not open-road warriors, so their max speed is 25miles per hour. 4 - Its not done and its not perfect. Some of the scenarios autonomous vehicles have the most trouble with are the same human beings have the most trouble with, such as traversing four-way stops or handling a yellow light. The cars use a mixture of 3D laser-mapping, GPS, and radar to analyze and interpret their surroundings, and the latest versions are fully electric with a range of about 100 miles. Despite the advantages over a human being in certain scenarios, however, these cars still arent ready for the real world. They cant drive in the snow or heavy rain, and theres a variety of complex situations they do not process well, such as passing through a construction zone. Google is hoping that, eventually, the cars will be able to handle all of this as well (or better) than a human could. 5 - I want this technology to succeed, like yesterday. Im biased. Earlier this year my mom had a stroke. It damaged the visual cortex of her brain, and her vision was impaired to the point that shell probably never drive again. This reduced her from a fully-functional, independent human being with a career and a buzzing social life into someone who is homebound, disabled, and powerless. When discussing self-driving cars, people tend to ask many superficial questions. They ignore that 45% of disabled people in the US still work. They ignore that 95%of a cars lifetime is spent parked. They ignore how this technology could transform the lives of the elderly, or eradicate the need for parking lots or garages or gas stations. They dismiss the entire concept because they dont think a computer could ever be as good at merging on the freeway as they are. They ignore the great, big, beautiful picture: that this technology could make our lives so much better. 6 - It wasnt an exhilarating ride, and thats a good thing. Riding in a self-driving car is not the cybernetic thrill ride one might expect. The car drives like a person, and after a few minutes you forget that youre being driven autonomously. You forget that a robot is differentiating cars from pedestrians from mopeds from raccoons. You forget that millions of photons are being fired from a laser and interpreting, processing, and reacting to the hand signals of a cyclist. You forget that instead of an organic brain, which has had millions of years to evolve the cognitive ability to fumble its way through a four-way stop, youre being piloted by an artificial one, which was birthed in less than a decade. The unfortunate part of something this transformative is the inevitable, ardent stupidity which is going to erupt from the general public. Even if in a few years self-driving cars are proven to be ten times safer than human-operated cars, all its going to take is one tragic accident and the public is going to lose their minds. There will be outrage. There will be politicizing. There will be hashtags. I say look at the bigger picture. All the self-driving cars currently on the road learn from one another, and possess 40 years of driving experience. And this technology is still in its infancy. (Adapted from: http://theoatmeal.com/blog/google_self_driving_car. 21/08/2016.) Based on the text, it is correct to affirm that the author:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1 FASE) A pica narrativa de nosso caminho at aqui Quando viajamos para o exterior, muitas vezes passamos pela experincia de aprender mais sobre o nosso pas. Ao nos depararmos com uma realidade diferente 1daquela em que estamos imersos cotidianamente, o estranhamento serve de alerta: deve haver uma razo, um motivo, para que as coisas funcionem em cada lugar de um jeito. Presentes diferentes s podem resultar de passados diferentes. Essa constatao pode ser um poderoso impulso para conhecer melhor a nossa histria. Algo assim vem ocorrendo no campo de estudos sobre o Sistema Solar. O florescimento da busca de planetas extrassolares aqueles que orbitam em torno de outras estrelas equivaleu a dar uma espiadinha no pas vizinho, para ver como vivem seus habitantes. Os resultados so surpreendentes. Em certos sistemas, os planetas esto to perto de suas estrelas que completam uma rbita em poucos dias. Muitos so gigantes feitos de gs, e alguns chegam a possuir mais de seis vezes a massa e quase sete vezes o raio de Jpiter, o grandalho do nosso sistema. J os nossos planetas rochosos, classe em que se enquadram Terra, Mercrio, Vnus e Marte, parecem ser mais bem raros do que imaginvamos a princpio. A constatao de que somos quase um ponto fora da curva (pelo menos no que tange ao nosso atual estgio de conhecimento de sistemas planetrios) provocou os astrnomos a formular novas teorias para explicar como o Sistema Solar adquiriu sua atual configurao. 2Isso implica responder perguntas tais como quando se formaram os planetas gasosos, por que esto nas rbitas em que esto hoje, de que forma os planetas rochosos surgiram etc. Nosso artigo de capa traz algumas das respostas que foram formuladas nos ltimos 15 a 20 anos. Embora no sejam consensuais, teorias como o Grand Tack, o Grande Ataque e o Modelo de Nice tm desfrutado de grande prestgio na comunidade astronmica e oferecem uma fascinante narrativa da cadeia de eventos que pode ter permitido o surgimento da Terra e, em ltima instncia, da vida por aqui. [...] (Paulo Nogueira, editorial de Scientific American Brasil n 168, junho 2016.) Considere a estrutura daquela em que estamos imersos (ref. 1) e compare-a com as seguintes: 1. o espao __________ que moramos... 2. a organizao __________ que confiamos... 3. a cidade __________ que almejamos... 4. os problemas __________ que constatamos nos relatrios... Tendo em vista as normas da lngua culta, a preposio em deveria preencher a lacuna em:

(UFPR - 2016 - 1 FASE) As mulheres curdas ganharam destaque internacional no ltimo ano em funo de seu protagonismo no enfrentamento armado contra o Estado Islmico, principalmente no Iraque e na Sria. A guerra tornou visvel para o mundo o protagonismo dessas mulheres, que no se limita luta armada. As curdas esto na linha de frente da luta de seu povo por democracia, liberdade para as mulheres e construo de um modelo de economia alternativa, comunal e cooperativada. Essa luta tem cerca de 40 anos, quando mulheres curdas foram viver nas montanhas, pegaram em armas e comearam a questionar frontalmente o modelo patriarcal e repressivo sob o qual viviam at ento. (Weissheimer, Marco. Disponvel em: http://www.sul21.com.br/jornal/mulheres-curdas-lutampor-democracia-confederada-e-nova-economia . Acessado em: 16/08/2016). Com base nas informaes do texto e nos conhecimentos sobre geopoltica e conflitos territoriais mundiais, considere as seguintes afirmativas: 1. O texto retrata um dos principais conflitos e impasses tnico-territoriais na regio do Oriente Mdio, que envolve um grupo tnico considerado a maior nao sem ptria do mundo. 2. Grande parte do povo curdo habita uma regio montanhosa localizada dentro dos territrios da Turquia, Sria, Iraque e Ir, mostrando que fronteiras tnicas e culturais entre Estados nem sempre so convergentes. 3. Apesar do conflito com o Estado Islmico, o territrio curdo reconhecido pelos Estados do Ir, Iraque e Turquia, onde a lngua curda tida como oficial. Assinale a alternativa correta.

(UFPR - 2016) No incio da primeira parte da Apologia de Scrates, na qual este apresenta a sua defesa diante dos cidados atenienses acerca dos seus acusadores, podemos ler: Contudo, no disseram nada de verdadeiro. Mas, entre as muitas mentiras que divulgaram, uma, acima de todas, eu admiro. Qual alternativa a seguir se refere a tal mentira\calnia atribuda contra Scrates? Assinale a alternativa CORRETA.