Questões - UFPR | Gabarito e resoluções

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) Um estudo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais mostra que possvel reduzir muito os arrotos das 211 milhes de cabeas do rebanho brasileiro. Com melhor pasto e suplementao alimentar, o gado engordaria mais e mais rpido e passaria menos tempo arrotando. Fonte: Folha de S. Paulo, 29 de agosto de 2015. A reduo da quantidade de arrotos pode ajudar a controlar o aquecimento do planeta porque diminui a emisso de:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) En todo artefacto delicado, resistente y complejo, como la ciudad, hay tambin un potencial de desorden, encarnizado en desmentir el ideal de sistema integrado que contradicen la intemperie, los espacios abiertos, las calles, las vas de transporte y, sobre todo, la competencia por ocupar materialmente los edificios y la tierra. Slo una tipologa, la del shopping center, resiste al principio diablico del desorden, exorcizado por la perfecta adecuacin entre finalidad y disposicin del espacio. El orden del mercado es mil veces ms eficaz que el orden pblico: de donde la dinmica de la mercanca es ms fuerte que el Estado. Ir de compras se ha convertido en el ingrediente principal de cualquier sustancia urbana. El cambio es colosal. La ciudad sola ser gratis; ahora hay que pagar por ella. El shopping center asegura algunos de los requisitos que se exigen de una ciudad: orden, claridad, limpieza, seguridad, y que no estn garantizados en las ciudades de los pases pobres o slo se obtienen parcialmente fuera de los enclaves del capitalismo globalizado. El shopping da la ilusin de independizarse de la ciudad y del clima: la luz es inalterable y los olores son siempre los mismos. Frente al relativo azar de lo que podra suceder en la calle, el shopping repite sus ritmos detrs de sus superficies glaseadas. Los que defienden esa forma con que el mercado influy sobre la urbanstica de muchas ciudades se apoyan precisamente en razones de uso regulado y normalizado: en el shopping los viejos y los adolescentes pueden pasear seguros, hay servicios al alcance de todo el mundo, es muy difcil robar o ser robado, y lo que se da para ver es lo que todos quieren mirar. A diferencia de la calle y de los llamados centros comerciales al aire libre, sobre los cuales no hay control de la puesta en escena ni del diseo, en el shopping nada es casual. Los visitantes se desplazan en una atmsfera artificial como los peces domsticos en sus recipientes oxigenados, decorados con plantas marinas. ltima invencin urbana del mercado, el shopping lleg en el momento en que se crey que la ciudad se volva insegura o, mejor dicho, en que la inseguridad se convirti en una preocupacin central. La forma de enfrentar los cambios que sucedieron en todas las ciudades del mundo, el mercado ofreci su creacin: el shopping. SARLO, Beatriz. La ciudad vista: Mercancas y cultura urbana. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2009. Texto adaptado. Para que las ciudades comporten la presencia de los shopping centers se hace necesario un cambio cultural que:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) Forget Texting While Driving: ATT Survey reveals drivers do a lot more with their smartphones By Menchie Mendoza, Tech Times | May 20, 10:10 AM Drivers who continue to use their smartphones while driving are not only distracted when they call and text. Apart from calling and texting, drivers are also browsing the Internet, tweeting, video chatting, taking selfies and sending email with their devices, according to a study by ATT. The research was conducted as part of the carriers It Can Wait campaign launched in 2010. It hopes to increase awareness of the dangers posed by using smartphones while one is behind the wheel. The study polled 2,067 U.S. residents ages 16-65 who use their smartphone and drive once or more per day. Seventy percent of those surveyed admit they use their smartphones for a number of activities while they are driving: 61 percent say they text and 33 percent send email while they are behind the wheel. Posting or interacting on social media is also one of the most common activities that drivers engage in. Using Facebook ranks first on the list, with 27 percent of drivers logging in while driving. Other social media channels that keep drivers multitasking include Instagram and Twitter (14percent) and Snapchat (11 percent). The results also show that there is a deeper problem involved when peopleuse social media while driving. Among those surveyed, 22 percent blame their addiction to social media. Other revelations show 62 percent keep their smartphones within easy reach, and that 30 percent of those who post to Twitter while driving do it all the time. Drivers also dont seem to run out of other activities using their smartphones since most apps are now easily accessed with just a simple tap. Because of this, 28 percent of drivers browse the web; 17 percent take selfies (or groupies); and 10 percent video chat. One in 10 say they do video chat while driving, said Lori Lee, ATTs senior VP for global marketing. I dont even have words for that. ATT plans to expand the It Can Wait campaign in order to add more focus on the topic of texting while driving by including other driving distractions that result from using the smartphones. When we launched It Can Wait five years ago, we pleaded with people to realize that no text is worth a life, said Lee. The same applies to other smartphone activities that people are doing while driving. For the sake of you and those around you, please keep your eyes on the road, not on your phone. ATT will also launch a nationwide virtual reality tour in summer in order to spread the word that driving and using a smartphone dont and will never mix. Adapted from http://www.techtimes.com/. Identify the statements below as true (T) or false (F). According to the text, the results of the ATT survey show that while driving, people use their smartphones to: ( ) take pictures. ( ) chat by using video. ( ) interact in social media. ( ) send text messages. ( ) watch video clips. Mark the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) Forget Texting While Driving: ATT Survey reveals drivers do a lot more with their smartphones By Menchie Mendoza, Tech Times | May 20, 10:10 AM Drivers who continue to use their smartphones while driving are not only distracted when they call and text. Apart from calling and texting, drivers are also browsing the Internet, tweeting, video chatting, taking selfies and sending email with their devices, according to a study by ATT. The research was conducted as part of the carriers It Can Wait campaign launched in 2010. It hopes to increase awareness of the dangers posed by using smartphones while one is behind the wheel. The study polled 2,067 U.S. residents ages 16-65 who use their smartphone and drive once or more per day. Seventy percent of those surveyed admit they use their smartphones for a number of activities while they are driving: 61 percent say they text and 33 percent send email while they are behind the wheel. Posting or interacting on social media is also one of the most common activities that drivers engage in. Using Facebook ranks first on the list, with 27 percent of drivers logging in while driving. Other social media channels that keep drivers multitasking include Instagram and Twitter (14percent) and Snapchat (11 percent). The results also show that there is a deeper problem involved when peopleuse social media while driving. Among those surveyed, 22 percent blame their addiction to social media. Other revelations show 62 percent keep their smartphones within easy reach, and that 30 percent of those who post to Twitter while driving do it all the time. Drivers also dont seem to run out of other activities using their smartphones since most apps are now easily accessed with just a simple tap. Because of this, 28 percent of drivers browse the web; 17 percent take selfies (or groupies); and 10 percent video chat. One in 10 say they do video chat while driving, said Lori Lee, ATTs senior VP for global marketing. I dont even have words for that. ATT plans to expand the It Can Wait campaign in order to add more focus on the topic of texting while driving by including other driving distractions that result from using the smartphones. When we launched It Can Wait five years ago, we pleaded with people to realize that no text is worth a life, said Lee. The same applies to other smartphone activities that people are doing while driving. For the sake of you and those around you, please keep your eyes on the road, not on your phone. ATT will also launch a nationwide virtual reality tour in summer in order to spread the word that driving and using a smartphone dont and will never mix. Adapted from http://www.techtimes.com/. Consider the following statements about the ATT study about the use of smartphones while driving: 1. More than two thousand residents in the United States were interviewed. 2. 70% of the people surveyed said they use smartphones to perform several activities. 3. Less than one tenth of the polled people said they use Snapchat. 4. About one third of the polled people said they send e-mails. 5. People said it is all right to use smartphones provided that they are able to multitask. Which of the statements above are TRUE, according to the text?

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) En todo artefacto delicado, resistente y complejo, como la ciudad, hay tambin un potencial de desorden, encarnizado en desmentir el ideal de sistema integrado que contradicen la intemperie, los espacios abiertos, las calles, las vas de transporte y, sobre todo, la competencia por ocupar materialmente los edificios y la tierra. Slo una tipologa, la del shopping center, resiste al principio diablico del desorden, exorcizado por la perfecta adecuacin entre finalidad y disposicin del espacio. El orden del mercado es mil veces ms eficaz que el orden pblico: de donde la dinmica de la mercanca es ms fuerte que el Estado. Ir de compras se ha convertido en el ingrediente principal de cualquier sustancia urbana. El cambio es colosal. La ciudad sola ser gratis; ahora hay que pagar por ella. El shopping center asegura algunos de los requisitos que se exigen de una ciudad: orden, claridad, limpieza, seguridad, y que no estn garantizados en las ciudades de los pases pobres o slo se obtienen parcialmente fuera de los enclaves del capitalismo globalizado. El shopping da la ilusin de independizarse de la ciudad y del clima: la luz es inalterable y los olores son siempre los mismos. Frente al relativo azar de lo que podra suceder en la calle, el shopping repite sus ritmos detrs de sus superficies glaseadas. Los que defienden esa forma con que el mercado influy sobre la urbanstica de muchas ciudades se apoyan precisamente en razones de uso regulado y normalizado: en el shopping los viejos y los adolescentes pueden pasear seguros, hay servicios al alcance de todo el mundo, es muy difcil robar o ser robado, y lo que se da para ver es lo que todos quieren mirar. A diferencia de la calle y de los llamados centros comerciales al aire libre, sobre los cuales no hay control de la puesta en escena ni del diseo, en el shopping nada es casual. Los visitantes se desplazan en una atmsfera artificial como los peces domsticos en sus recipientes oxigenados, decorados con plantas marinas. ltima invencin urbana del mercado, el shopping lleg en el momento en que se crey que la ciudad se volva insegura o, mejor dicho, en que la inseguridad se convirti en una preocupacin central. La forma de enfrentar los cambios que sucedieron en todas las ciudades del mundo, el mercado ofreci su creacin: el shopping. SARLO, Beatriz.La ciudad vista: Mercancas y cultura urbana. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2009. Texto adaptado. De las alternativas abajo la que mejor y ms ampliamente dara ttulo al texto es:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) Forget Texting While Driving: ATT Survey reveals drivers do a lot more with their smartphones By Menchie Mendoza, Tech Times | May 20, 10:10 AM Drivers who continue to use their smartphones while driving are not only distracted when they call and text. Apart from calling and texting, drivers are also browsing the Internet, tweeting, video chatting, taking selfies and sending email with their devices, according to a study by ATT. The research was conducted as part of the carriers It Can Wait campaign launched in 2010. It hopes to increase awareness of the dangers posed by using smartphones while one is behind the wheel. The study polled 2,067 U.S. residents ages 16-65 who use their smartphone and drive once or more per day. Seventy percent of those surveyed admit they use their smartphones for a number of activities while they are driving: 61 percent say they text and 33 percent send email while they are behind the wheel. Posting or interacting on social media is also one of the most common activities that drivers engage in. Using Facebook ranks first on the list, with 27 percent of drivers logging in while driving. Other social media channels that keep drivers multitasking include Instagram and Twitter (14percent) and Snapchat (11 percent). The results also show that there is a deeper problem involved when peopleuse social media while driving. Among those surveyed, 22 percent blame their addiction to social media. Other revelations show 62 percent keep their smartphones within easy reach, and that 30 percent of those who post to Twitter while driving do it all the time. Drivers also dont seem to run out of other activities using their smartphones since most apps are now easily accessed with just a simple tap. Because of this, 28 percent of drivers browse the web; 17 percent take selfies (or groupies); and 10 percent video chat. One in 10 say they do video chat while driving, said Lori Lee, ATTs senior VP for global marketing. I dont even have words for that. ATT plans to expand the It Can Wait campaign in order to add more focus on the topic of texting while driving by including other driving distractions that result from using the smartphones. When we launched It Can Wait five years ago, we pleaded with people to realize that no text is worth a life, said Lee. The same applies to other smartphone activities that people are doing while driving. For the sake of you and those around you, please keep your eyes on the road, not on your phone. ATT will also launch a nationwide virtual reality tour in summer in order to spread the word that driving and using a smartphone dont and will never mix. Adapted from http://www.techtimes.com/. The word they, in boldface and italics, last paragraph, refers to:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) En todo artefacto delicado, resistente y complejo, como la ciudad, hay tambin un potencial de desorden, encarnizado en desmentir el ideal de sistema integrado que contradicen la intemperie, los espacios abiertos, las calles, las vas de transporte y, sobre todo, la competencia por ocupar materialmente los edificios y la tierra. Slo una tipologa, la del shopping center, resiste al principio diablico del desorden, exorcizado por la perfecta adecuacin entre finalidad y disposicin del espacio. El orden del mercado es mil veces ms eficaz que el orden pblico: de donde la dinmica de la mercanca es ms fuerte que el Estado. Ir de compras se ha convertido en el ingrediente principal de cualquier sustancia urbana. El cambio es colosal. La ciudad sola ser gratis; ahora hay que pagar por ella. El shopping center asegura algunos de los requisitos que se exigen de una ciudad: orden, claridad, limpieza, seguridad, y que no estn garantizados en las ciudades de los pases pobres o slo se obtienen parcialmente fuera de los enclaves del capitalismo globalizado. El shopping da la ilusin de independizarse de la ciudad y del clima: la luz es inalterable y los olores son siempre los mismos. Frente al relativo azar de lo que podra suceder en la calle, el shopping repite sus ritmos detrs de sus superficies glaseadas. Los que defienden esa forma con que el mercado influy sobre la urbanstica de muchas ciudades se apoyan precisamente en razones de uso regulado y normalizado: en el shopping los viejos y los adolescentes pueden pasear seguros, hay servicios al alcance de todo el mundo, es muy difcil robar o ser robado, y lo que se da para ver es lo que todos quieren mirar. A diferencia de la calle y de los llamados centros comerciales al aire libre, sobre los cuales no hay control de la puesta en escena ni del diseo, en el shopping nada es casual. Los visitantes se desplazan en una atmsfera artificial como los peces domsticos en sus recipientes oxigenados, decorados con plantas marinas. ltima invencin urbana del mercado, el shopping lleg en el momento en que se crey que la ciudad se volva insegura o, mejor dicho, en que la inseguridad se convirti en una preocupacin central. La forma de enfrentar los cambios que sucedieron en todas las ciudades del mundo, el mercado ofreci su creacin: el shopping. SARLO, Beatriz.La ciudad vista: Mercancas y cultura urbana. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2009. Texto adaptado. Tratando el shopping center como un acuario, de manera metafrica, la autora destaca:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) Forget Texting While Driving: ATT Survey reveals drivers do a lot more with their smartphones By Menchie Mendoza, Tech Times | May 20, 10:10 AM Drivers who continue to use their smartphones while driving are not only distracted when they call and text. Apart from calling and texting, drivers are also browsing the Internet, tweeting, video chatting, taking selfies and sending email with their devices, according to a study by ATT. The research was conducted as part of the carriers It Can Wait campaign launched in 2010. It hopes to increase awareness of the dangers posed by using smartphones while one is behind the wheel. The study polled 2,067 U.S. residents ages 16-65 who use their smartphone and drive once or more per day. Seventy percent of those surveyed admit they use their smartphones for a number of activities while they are driving: 61 percent say they text and 33 percent send email while they are behind the wheel. Posting or interacting on social media is also one of the most common activities that drivers engage in. Using Facebook ranks first on the list, with 27 percent of drivers logging in while driving. Other social media channels that keep drivers multitasking include Instagram and Twitter (14percent) and Snapchat (11 percent). The results also show that there is a deeper problem involved when peopleuse social media while driving. Among those surveyed, 22 percent blame their addiction to social media. Other revelations show 62 percent keep their smartphones within easy reach, and that 30 percent of those who post to Twitter while driving do it all the time. Drivers also dont seem to run out of other activities using their smartphones since most apps are now easily accessed with just a simple tap. Because of this, 28 percent of drivers browse the web; 17 percent take selfies (or groupies); and 10 percent video chat. One in 10 saytheydo video chat while driving, said Lori Lee, ATTs senior VP for global marketing. I dont even have words for that. ATT plans to expand the It Can Wait campaign in order to add more focus on the topic of texting while driving by including other driving distractions that result from using the smartphones. When we launched It Can Wait five years ago, we pleaded with people to realize that no text is worth a life, said Lee. The same applies to other smartphone activities that people are doing while driving. For the sake of you and those around you, please keep your eyes on the road, not on your phone. ATT will also launch a nationwide virtual reality tour in summer in order to spread the word that driving and using a smartphone dont and will never mix. Adapted from http://www.techtimes.com/. Because of the results of its survey, ATT is planning: 1. to expand its campaign and include other smartphone distractions. 2. to expand its campaign to other parts of the world. 3. to improve smartphone use with new apps. 4. to invest in a virtual reality tour as part of their awareness efforts. According to the text, the correct items are:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) En todo artefacto delicado, resistente y complejo, como la ciudad, hay tambin un potencial de desorden, encarnizado en desmentir el ideal de sistema integrado que contradicen la intemperie, los espacios abiertos, las calles, las vas de transporte y, sobre todo, la competencia por ocupar materialmente los edificios y la tierra. Slo una tipologa, la del shopping center, resiste al principio diablico del desorden, exorcizado por la perfecta adecuacin entre finalidad y disposicin del espacio. El orden del mercado es mil veces ms eficaz que el orden pblico: de donde la dinmica de la mercanca es ms fuerte que el Estado. Ir de compras se ha convertido en el ingrediente principal de cualquier sustancia urbana. El cambio es colosal. La ciudad sola ser gratis; ahora hay que pagar por ella. El shopping center asegura algunos de los requisitos que se exigen de una ciudad: orden, claridad, limpieza, seguridad, y que no estn garantizados en las ciudades de los pases pobres o slo se obtienen parcialmente fuera de los enclaves del capitalismo globalizado. El shopping da la ilusin de independizarse de la ciudad y del clima: la luz es inalterable y los olores son siempre los mismos. Frente al relativo azar de lo que podra suceder en la calle, el shopping repite sus ritmos detrs de sus superficies glaseadas. Los que defienden esa forma con que el mercado influy sobre la urbanstica de muchas ciudades se apoyan precisamente en razones de uso regulado y normalizado: en el shopping los viejos y los adolescentes pueden pasear seguros, hay servicios al alcance de todo el mundo, es muy difcil robar o ser robado, y lo que se da para ver es lo que todos quieren mirar. A diferencia de la calle y de los llamados centros comerciales al aire libre, sobre los cuales no hay control de la puesta en escena ni del diseo, en el shopping nada es casual. Los visitantes se desplazan en una atmsfera artificial como los peces domsticos en sus recipientes oxigenados, decorados con plantas marinas. ltima invencin urbana del mercado, el shopping lleg en el momento en que se crey que la ciudad se volva insegura o, mejor dicho, en que la inseguridad se convirti en una preocupacin central. La forma de enfrentar los cambios que sucedieron en todas las ciudades del mundo, el mercado ofreci su creacin: el shopping. SARLO, Beatriz.La ciudad vista: Mercancas y cultura urbana. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2009. Texto adaptado. En el momento en que el shopping center fue creado haba:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) La vida artificial ya est aqu Cientficos de varias universidades norteamericanas y europeas han logrado el monte Everest de la biologa sinttica, como dicen los editores de Science: el primer cromosoma eucaritico fabricado en el laboratorio. Se trata de un cromosoma de levadura, el hongo que se usa para hacer cerveza, pan, biocombustible y la mitad de la investigacin sobre los organismos eucariotas, como nosotros. La capacidad de introducirle un cromosoma sinttico a ese organismo permitir mejorar todo lo anterior, como hacer biocombustibles ms sostenibles para el entorno o disear nuevos antibiticos, adems de un nuevo continente de investigacin sobre la pregunta del milln: cmo construir el genoma entero de un organismo superior. La reconstruccin de un neandertal, por ejemplo, sera imposible sin este paso esencial. La biologa sinttica es una disciplina emergente que trata no ya de modificar organismos, sino de disearlos a partir de principios bsicos. En los ltimos cinco aos ha logrado avances espectaculares, como la sntesis artificial del genoma completo de una bacteria y varios virus. Pero esta es la primera vez que consigue fabricar un cromosoma completo y funcional de un organismo superior, o eucariota (una clula buena, en griego, la que forma los humanos). El consorcio liderado por Srinivasan Chandrasegaran, del Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Ambiental de la Universidad Johns Hopkins, con la colaboracin de Jef Boeke, presenta su rompedor resultado en la revista Science. Nuestra investigacin mueve la aguja de la biologa sinttica desde la teora hasta la realidad, dice Boeke, uno de los pioneros de este campo. Este trabajo representa el mayor paso que se ha dado hasta la fecha en el esfuerzo internacional para construir el genoma completo de una levadura sinttica. [...] Echando la vista ms hacia el futuro, cabe especular sobre la resurreccin de especies extintas como el mamut o el neandertal, cuyos genomas ya han sido secuenciados a partir de sus restos fsiles. Si estos proyectos llegan a abordarse alguna vez, tendrn que basarse en una tcnica similar a la que Boeke y sus colegas acaban de poner a punto para este engaosamente simple hongo que tan servicial ha resultado a la especie humana desde los albores del neoltico. Disponible en: http://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/03/27/actualidad/1395944376_149099.html. El texto La vida artificial ya est aqu tiene como objetivo principal:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) Voices: The Popes powerful message to Cubans Rick Jervis, September 24, 2015 SANTIAGO DE CUBA Ive always been fairly skeptical about how much power one man can exercise, even if that man commands the attention of 1.2 billion Roman Catholics. I understand that Pope John Paul II visited Poland in the 1970s and 80s and gave speeches so stirring that they helped launch the Solidarity opposition movement and lead to the collapse of communism in the country. And I know that popes throughout history have had influential moments. But, really, how much can one man and one microphone do? How literally do people take his message? These were the questions that kept my mind busy when I left for Cuba last week to cover Pope Francis four-day trip. I was curious to see how much impact the words of this 78-year-old man can have on a population of 11 million. Im becoming fairly familiar with Cuba. Ive been to the island three timesthis year, five times overall, and grew up in southern Florida. My parents are Cubans who left the country in 1962. Cuba today continues to fascinate and dismay. Its a place of beauty and jolting contradictions. The re-establishment of relations between the U.S. and Cuban governments, begun last December, continue to stir excitement and hope in Cubans, and changes are trickling in. I followed Pope Francis from Havana to Santiago and heard him talk of reconciliation, love for mankind and the importance of family. I interviewed Cubans who glowed with the fervor of the faithful as they pledged their love for the Pope and promised to follow his message. But my question remained: What does all of this mean? How does it translate to actual change on the island? To help me sort through this, I visited Father Jorge Catasus, a popular parish priest here who helped welcome the Pope to the city. We sat in the cool, cavernous back room of his 18th-century church, safe from the 37-degree heat outside. Catasus said dont focus on any grand political or social changes stemming from the papal visit. The most important changes, he said, come from within. Thats what Pope Francis offered as a first step, and thats what Cubans across the island, in chants, cheers and tearful acceptance, agreed to abide by. The lives of men are decided in their hearts, Catasus told me. Thats where well see the change. This may not be 1980s Poland, and Solidarity may still not be anywhere in sight. But first things first. A change of heart can often lead to a world of good. Adapted from http://www.usatoday.com/. Concerning the author of the text, identify the statements below as true (T) or false (F): ( ) He was raised in the south of Florida, USA. ( ) His parents are Cubans who left the country and moved to the USA. ( ) He feels fascinated by the beauty and contradictions of Cuba. ( ) He considers that Cubans are not interested about the re-establishment of relations with the USA. ( ) He was born in 1962 when his parents left Cuba. Mark the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) La vida artificial ya est aqu Cientficos de varias universidades norteamericanas y europeas han logrado el monte Everest de la biologa sinttica, como dicen los editores de Science: el primer cromosoma eucaritico fabricado en el laboratorio. Se trata de un cromosoma de levadura, el hongo que se usa para hacer cerveza, pan, biocombustible y la mitad de la investigacin sobre los organismos eucariotas, como nosotros. La capacidad de introducirle un cromosoma sinttico a ese organismo permitir mejorar todo lo anterior, como hacer biocombustibles ms sostenibles para el entorno o disear nuevos antibiticos, adems de un nuevo continente de investigacin sobre la pregunta del milln: cmo construir el genoma entero de un organismo superior. La reconstruccin de un neandertal, por ejemplo, sera imposible sin este paso esencial. La biologa sinttica es una disciplina emergente que trata no ya de modificar organismos, sino de disearlos a partir de principios bsicos. En los ltimos cinco aos ha logrado avances espectaculares, como la sntesis artificial del genoma completo de una bacteria y varios virus. Pero esta es la primera vez que consigue fabricar un cromosoma completo y funcional de un organismo superior, o eucariota (una clula buena, en griego, la que forma los humanos). El consorcio liderado por Srinivasan Chandrasegaran, del Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Ambiental de la Universidad Johns Hopkins, con la colaboracin de Jef Boeke, presenta su rompedor resultado en la revista Science. Nuestra investigacin mueve la aguja de la biologa sinttica desde la teora hasta la realidad, dice Boeke, uno de los pioneros de este campo. Este trabajo representa el mayor paso que se ha dado hasta la fecha en el esfuerzo internacional para construir el genoma completo de una levadura sinttica. [...] Echando la vista ms hacia el futuro, cabe especular sobre la resurreccin de especies extintas como el mamut o el neandertal, cuyos genomas ya han sido secuenciados a partir de sus restos fsiles. Si estos proyectos llegan a abordarse alguna vez, tendrn que basarse en una tcnica similar a la que Boeke y sus colegas acaban de poner a punto para este engaosamente simple hongo que tan servicial ha resultado a la especie humana desde los albores del neoltico. Disponible en: http://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/03/27/actualidad/1395944376_149099.html. Para ejemplificar la importancia del estudio descripto en el texto, el autor:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) Voices: The Popes powerful message to Cubans Rick Jervis, September 24, 2015 SANTIAGO DE CUBA Ive always been fairly skeptical about how much power one man can exercise, even if that man commands the attention of 1.2 billion Roman Catholics. I understand that Pope John Paul II visited Poland in the 1970s and 80s and gave speeches so stirring that they helped launch the Solidarity opposition movement and lead to the collapse of communism in the country. And I know that popes throughout history have had influential moments. But, really, how much can one man and one microphone do? How literally do people take his message? These were the questions that kept my mind busy when I left for Cuba last week to cover Pope Francis four-day trip. I was curious to see how much impact the words of this 78-year-old man can have on a population of 11 million. Im becoming fairly familiar with Cuba. Ive been to the island three timesthis year, five times overall, and grew up in southern Florida. My parents are Cubans who left the country in 1962. Cuba today continues to fascinate and dismay. Its a place of beauty and jolting contradictions. The re-establishment of relations between the U.S. and Cuban governments, begun last December, continue to stir excitement and hope in Cubans, and changes are trickling in. I followed Pope Francis from Havana to Santiago and heard him talk of reconciliation, love for mankind and the importance of family. I interviewed Cubans who glowed with the fervor of the faithful as they pledged their love for the Pope and promised to follow his message. But my question remained: What does all of this mean? How does it translate to actual change on the island? To help me sort through this, I visited Father Jorge Catasus, a popular parish priest here who helped welcome the Pope to the city. We sat in the cool, cavernous back room of his 18th-century church, safe from the 37-degree heat outside. Catasus said dont focus on any grand political or social changes stemming from the papal visit. The most important changes, he said, come from within. Thats what Pope Francis offered as a first step, and thats what Cubans across the island, in chants, cheers and tearful acceptance, agreed to abide by. The lives of men are decided in their hearts, Catasus told me. Thats where well see the change. This may not be 1980s Poland, and Solidarity may still not be anywhere in sight. But first things first. A change of heart can often lead to a world of good. Adapted from http://www.usatoday.com/. Consider the following statements about what the author of the text did in the island during the Popes visit: 1. He visited a priest who also gave speeches during the Popes stay in Cuba. 2. He talked to the Cuban people and observed their faith. 3. In order to escape from the warm weather, he decided to go to an old church. 4. He followed Pope Francis and heard his speeches. Which of the statements above are TRUE, according to the text?

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) Voices: The Popes powerful message to Cubans Rick Jervis, September 24, 2015 SANTIAGO DE CUBA Ive always been fairly skeptical about how much power one man can exercise, even if that man commands the attention of 1.2 billion Roman Catholics. I understand that Pope John Paul II visited Poland in the 1970s and 80s and gave speeches so stirring that they helped launch the Solidarity opposition movement and lead to the collapse of communism in the country. And I know that popes throughout history have had influential moments. But, really, how much can one man and one microphone do? How literally do people take his message? These were the questions that kept my mind busy when I left for Cuba last week to cover Pope Francis four-day trip. I was curious to see how much impact the words of this 78-year-old man can have on a population of 11 million. Im becoming fairly familiar with Cuba. Ive been to the island three timesthis year, five times overall, and grew up in southern Florida. My parents are Cubans who left the country in 1962. Cuba today continues to fascinate and dismay. Its a place of beauty and jolting contradictions. The re-establishment of relations between the U.S. and Cuban governments, begun last December, continue to stir excitement and hope in Cubans, and changes are trickling in. I followed Pope Francis from Havana to Santiago and heard him talk of reconciliation, love for mankind and the importance of family. I interviewed Cubans who glowed with the fervor of the faithful as they pledged their love for the Pope and promised to follow his message. But my question remained: What does all of this mean? How does it translate to actual change on the island? To help me sort through this, I visited Father Jorge Catasus, a popular parish priest here who helped welcome the Pope to the city. We sat in the cool, cavernous back room of his 18th-century church, safe from the 37-degree heat outside. Catasus said dont focus on any grand political or social changes stemming from the papal visit. The most important changes, he said, come from within. Thats what Pope Francis offered as a first step, and thats what Cubans across the island, in chants, cheers and tearful acceptance, agreed to abide by. The lives of men are decided in their hearts, Catasus told me. Thats where well see the change. This may not be 1980s Poland, and Solidarity may still not be anywhere in sight. But first things first. A change of heart can often lead to a world of good. Adapted from http://www.usatoday.com/. According to the text, Jorge Catasus is:

(UFPR - 2015- 1 FASE) La vida artificial ya est aqu Cientficos de varias universidades norteamericanas y europeas han logrado el monte Everest de la biologa sinttica, como dicen los editores de Science: el primer cromosoma eucaritico fabricado en el laboratorio. Se trata de un cromosoma de levadura, el hongo que se usa para hacer cerveza, pan, biocombustible y la mitad de la investigacin sobre los organismos eucariotas, como nosotros. La capacidad de introducirle un cromosoma sinttico a ese organismo permitir mejorar todo lo anterior, como hacer biocombustibles ms sostenibles para el entorno o disear nuevos antibiticos, adems de un nuevo continente de investigacin sobre la pregunta del milln: cmo construir el genoma entero de un organismo superior. La reconstruccin de un neandertal, por ejemplo, sera imposible sin este paso esencial. La biologa sinttica es una disciplina emergente que trata no ya de modificar organismos, sino de disearlos a partir de principios bsicos. En los ltimos cinco aos ha logrado avances espectaculares, como la sntesis artificial del genoma completo de una bacteria y varios virus. Pero esta es la primera vez que consigue fabricar un cromosoma completo y funcional de un organismo superior, o eucariota (una clula buena, en griego, la que forma los humanos). El consorcio liderado por Srinivasan Chandrasegaran, del Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Ambiental de la Universidad Johns Hopkins, con la colaboracin de Jef Boeke, presenta su rompedor resultado en la revista Science. Nuestra investigacin mueve la aguja de la biologa sinttica desde la teora hasta la realidad, dice Boeke, uno de los pioneros de este campo. Este trabajo representa el mayor paso que se ha dado hasta la fecha en el esfuerzo internacional para construir el genoma completo de una levadura sinttica. [...] Echando la vista ms hacia el futuro, cabe especular sobre la resurreccin de especies extintas como el mamut o el neandertal, cuyos genomas ya han sido secuenciados a partir de sus restos fsiles. Si estos proyectos llegan a abordarse alguna vez, tendrn que basarse en una tcnica similar a la que Boeke y sus colegas acaban de poner a punto para este engaosamente simple hongo que tan servicial ha resultado a la especie humana desde los albores del neoltico. Disponible en: http://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/03/27/actualidad/1395944376_149099.html. El ttulo est relacionado directamente a la informacin presentada en el texto sobre: