Questões - PUC | Gabarito e resoluções

(PUCRJ 2013) As plantas, assim como os animais, apresentam órgãos compostos de diferentes tecidos, e esses tecidos apresentam diferentes funções: revestimento; assimilação e reserva; sustentação; condução. Os tecidos que desempenham essas funções são, respectivamente:

(PUC RIO 2013)As figuras abaixo mostram o crescimento populacional, ao longo do tempo, de duas espcies de Paramecium cultivadas isoladamente e em conjunto. Os resultados desse experimento embasaram o que conhecido como Princpio de Gause. Considere o tipo de relao ecolgica entre essas duas espcies e indique a afirmao correta.

(Pucsp 2013) Veja a tabela: Fonte: Amartya SEN; Bernardo KLIKSBERG.“As pessoas em primeiro lugar: a ética do desenvolvimento e os problemas do mundo globalizado.” São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2010. p. 260. A tabela se baseia em dados da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). Para essa entidade um índice normal de criminalidade se situa entre zero e cinco homicídios a cada 100 mil habitantes por ano. Tendo em vista a tabela e essa última informação pode ser dito que

(PUC/RJ -2013) Em 1914, as tenses polticas entre as principais potncias europeias levaram a uma guerra que se tornou, ao longo dos anos seguintes, um dos mais trgicos momentos da histria da humanidade. Em relao Primeira Guerra Mundial, INCORRETO afirmar que:

(PUC - RS - 2013) The Power of Train Travel Posted byAnnie Fitzsimmonsin Urban Insider on April 25, 2013 I blame luggage for all my troubles on trains whether Im whizzing down to Washington, D.C. or wending my way through Wallonia. I try to avoid clunking other passengers with my elbow as I navigate [5] tight aisles and haul my wheeled carry on over my head, but its not easy. Despite these challenges, traveling by train is by far my favorite mode of transport especially when Im in Europe. Trains are more civilized there, and more [10] convenient. The extensive network of interconnected tracks makes it a breeze to zip around the continent. On a recent trip to Europe, I boarded a Thalys train in Amsterdam to discover a vibe that was refined and polished, and fellow passengers who were courteous [15] and quiet. As I opened my laptop to take advantage of the free WiFi, a full breakfast was served to me in my Comfort 1 seat. When I arrived relaxed and calm in Brussels two hours later, I didnt want the journey to end. [20] Though there are plenty of low-cost flights available in Europe (which can be good choices forlonger distances), why deal with airport security and extra luggage fees if you dont have to? And you can learn so much about a place on a train by watching the [25] landscape change from the snow-capped mountains in Switzerland to the hills and rivers of Austria. (Adapted from the National Geographic site.) *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam os nmeros das linhas do texto original. The alternative in which the wordsDO NOTfollow the same grammatical pattern as in avoid clunkingother passengers (verb + gerund, lines 03-04) is

(PUCRS-2013) Leia o poema a seguir, de Luís de Camões. Transforma-se o amador na cousa amada, por virtude do muito imaginar; não tenho, logo, mais que desejar, pois em mim tenho a parte desejada. Se nela está minha alma transformada, que mais deseja o corpo de alcançar? Em si somente pode descansar, pois consigo tal alma está liada. Mas esta linda e pura semideia, que, como o acidente em seu sujeito, assim coa alma minha se conforma, Está no pensamento como ideia; [e] o vivo e puro amor de que sou feito, como a matéria simples busca a forma. Com base no poema e em seu contexto, afirma-se: I. Criado no século XVI, o poema apresenta um eu lírico que reflete sobre o amor e sobre osefeitos desse sentimento no ser apaixonado. II. Camões é também o criador de Os Lusíadas, a mais famosa epopeia produzida em línguaportuguesa, que tem como grande herói o povo português, representado por Vasco daGama. III. Uma das características composicionais do poema é a presença de inversões sintáticas. A(s) afirmativa(s) correta(s) é/são:

(PUC - Rio 2013) Achargedo cartunista Angeli (2006) se refere :

(Pucrj 2013) O incêndio na Usina Nuclear de Fukushima, no Japão, após o tsunami do dia 11 de março de 2011, reacendeu as discussões internacionais sobre a sustentabilidade desse tipo de energia. Os defensores da produção de energia nuclear afirmam que uma das suas vantagens é:

(Pucsp 2013) O modo de produção feudal, tal como apareceu na Europa ocidental, deixava em geral aos camponeses apenas o espaço mínimo para aumentarem o produto de que dispunham dentro das duras limitações do sistema senhorial. Perry Anderson. Passagens da antiguidade ao feudalismo. Porto: Afrontamento, 1980, p. 208. Adaptado. O texto caracteriza o modo de produção feudal, destacando que

(Pucrj 2013) Na figura abaixo, o bloco 1, de massa m1 = 1,0 kg, havendo partido do repouso, alcançou uma velocidade de 10 m/s após descer uma distância d no plano inclinado de 30°. Ele então colide com o bloco 2, inicialmente em repouso, de massa m2 = 3,0 kg. O bloco 2 adquire uma velocidade de 4,0 m/s após a colisão e segue a trajetória semicircular mostrada, cujo raio é de 0,6 m. Em todo o percurso, não há atrito entre a superfície e os blocos. Considere g = 10 m/s2. a) Ao longo da trajetória no plano inclinado, faça o diagrama de corpo livre do bloco 1 e encontre o módulo da força normal sobre ele. b) Determine a distância d percorrida pelo bloco 1 ao longo da rampa. c) Determine a velocidade do bloco 1 após colidir com o bloco 2. d) Ache o módulo da força normal sobre o bloco 2 no ponto mais alto da trajetória semicircular.

(PUC-Rio - 2013 Vero) Why are we so curious? Cooking is something we all take for granted but a new theory suggests that if we had not learned to cook food, not only would we still look like chimps but, like them, we would also be compelled to spend most [5] of the day chewing. I hate to disappoint you, but whatever your ambitions, whatever your long-term goals, Im pretty sure that reading this column isnt going to further them. It wont stop you feeling hungry. It wont provide [10] any information that might save your life. Its unlikely to make you attractive to the opposite sex. And yet if I were to say that I will teach you a valuable lesson about your inner child, I hope you will want to carry on reading, driven by nothing more than [15] your curiosity to find out a little more. What could be going on in your brain to make you so inquisitive? We humans have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittletattle in our lives. Our curiosity has us doing utterly [20] unproductive things like reading news about people we will never meet, learning topics we will never have use for, or exploring places we will never come back to. We just love to know the answers to things, even if theres no obvious benefit. [25] From the perspective of evolution this appears to be something of a mystery. We associate evolution with survival-of-the-fittest traits that support the essentials of day-to-day survival and reproduction. So why did we evolve to waste so much time? Shouldnt [30] evolution have selected for a species which was you know a bit more focussed? Childs play The roots of our peculiar curiosity can be linked to a trait of the human species called neoteny. [35] This is a term from evolutionary theory that means the retention of juvenile characteristics. It means that as a species we are more child-like than other mammals. Being relatively hairless is one physical example. A large brain relative to body size is another. [40] Our lifelong curiosity and playfulness is a behavioural characteristic of neoteny. Neoteny is a short-cut taken by evolution a route that brings about a whole bundle of changes in one go, rather than selecting for them one by one. [45] Evolution, by making us a more juvenile species, has made us weaker than our primate cousins, but it has also given us our childs curiosity, our capacity to learn and our deep sense of attachment to each other. And of course the lifelong capacity to learn is [50] the reason why neoteny has worked so well for our species. Our extended childhood means we can absorb so much more from our environment, including our shared culture. Even in adulthood we can pick up new ways of doing things and new ways of thinking, [55] allowing us to adapt to new circumstances. Exploration bonus In the world of artificial intelligence, computer scientists have explored how behaviour evolves when guided by different learning algorithms. An important [60] result is that even the best learning algorithms fall down if they are not encouraged to explore a little. Without a little something to distract them from what they should be doing, these algorithms get stuck in a rut, relying on the same responses time and time [65] again. Computer scientists have learnt to adjust how these algorithms rate different possible actions with an exploration bonus that is, a reward just for trying something new. Weighted like this, the algorithms then [70] occasionally leave the beaten track to explore. These exploratory actions cost them some opportunities, but leave them better off in the long run because theyve gained knowledge about what they might do, even if it didnt benefit them immediately. [75] The implication for the evolution of our own brain is clear. Curiosity is natures built-in exploration bonus. Were evolved to leave the beaten track, to try things out, to get distracted and generally look like were wasting time. Maybe we are wasting time [80] today, but the learning algorithms in our brain know that something we learnt by chance today will come in useful tomorrow. Obviously it would be best if we knew what we needed to know, and just concentrated on that. [85] Fortunately, in a complex world it is impossible to know what might be useful in the future. And thank goodness otherwise we would have evolved to be a deadly-boring species which never wanted to get lost, never tried things to just see what happened or did [90] things for the hell of it. Evolution made us the ultimate learning machines, and the ultimate learning machines need a healthy dash of curiosity to help us take full advantage of this learning capacity. [95] Or, as Kurt Vonnegut said, We are here on Earth to fart around. Dont let anybody tell you any different. NEUROHACKS 19 June 2012 Why are we so curious? Tom Stafford . Retrieved on July 28, 2012. *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam o nmero das linhas do texto original. The main purpose of the text is

(Pucrj 2012) Analise as afirmativas abaixo referentes ao Estado Novo (1937-1945) no Brasil. I. O Estado Novo contou com forte apoio das oligarquias estaduais, da Igreja católica e de setores da esquerda defensores de um estado autoritário, que tomavam o stalinismo soviético como exemplo.II. O novo modelo de Estado, inaugurado em 1937, foi uma quebra na normalidade constitucional brasileira e se legitimou através de uma nova constituição que tinha um explícito conteúdo autoritário.III. O Estado Novo foi um período marcado pelo autoritarismo, com intensa propaganda política estatal, controle de informação, proibição de organizações políticas e forte repressão policial.IV. O Estado Novo se caracterizou por um esfriamento das relações diplomáticas entre Brasil e Estados Unidos e por um alinhamento progressivo com os países fascistas da Europa. São afirmativas corretas:

(PUC-Rio -2012) Indias Leading Export: CEOs 2What on earth did the Banga brothers mother feed them for breakfast? 3Whatever it was, it worked: Vindi Banga grew up to become a top executive at the food and personal-care giant Unilever, then a partner at the private-equity firm Clayton, Dubilier Rice. His younger brother Ajay, 4after heading Citigroups Asian operations, was last year named CEO of MasterCard all without a degree from a Western business school and without abandoning his Sikh turban. When Ajay took over at the credit-card companys suburban New York City headquarters, the Times of India crowed that he was the first entirely India-minted executive at a multinationals helm. The brothers laugh when asked for their mothers breakfast menu, deflecting suggestions that they were raised by a Bengal-tiger mom. Instead, they cite an itinerant childhood as a key ingredient in their success. The sons of a lieutenant general in the Indian army, they moved to a new posting every couple of years 5perfect training, it turns out, for global executives facing new markets and uncertain conditions. You had to adapt to new friends, new places, recalls Vindi. 1You had to create your ecosystem wherever you went. What factors account for the rise and rise of India-trained business minds? Our colleagues in our Asian offices are asking the same question, laughs Jill Ader, head of CEO succession at the executivesearch firm Egon Zehnder International. 7Their clients in China and Southeast Asia are saying, How come its the Indians getting all the top jobs? It could be because todays generation of Indian managers grew up in a country that provided them with the experience so critical for todays global boss. 6Multiculturalism? Check. Complex competitive environment? Check. Resource-constrained developing economy? You got that right. 8And they grew up speaking English, the global business language. For multinationals, it makes good sense to have leaders experienced in working with expanding Asian markets. 9And India is already the location of many of their operations. India and China are also the countries of future profits for the multinationals, so they may want their global leaders to come out of them, says Anshuman Das, a co-founder of CareerNet, a Bangalore executive-search company. Competitive and complex, India has evolved from a poorly run, centrally controlled economy into the perfect petri dish in which to grow a 21st century CEO. The Indians are the friendly and familiar faces of Asia, says Ader. They think in English, theyre used to multinationals in their country, theyre very adaptive, and theyre supremely confident. The subcontinent has been global for centuries, having endured, and absorbed, waves of foreign colonizers, from the Mughals to the British. Practiced traders and migrants, Indians have impressive transnational networks. The earth is full of Indians, wrote Salman Rushdie. We get everywhere. Unlike, say, a Swede or a German, an Indian executive is raised in a multiethnic, multifaith, multilingual society, one nearly as diverse as the modern global marketplace. 10Unlike Americans, theyre well versed in negotiating Indias byzantine bureaucracy, a key skill to have in emerging markets. And unlike the Chinese, they can handle the messiness of a litigious democracy. In China, you want something done, you talk to a bureaucrat and a politician it gets done, observes Ajay. In India, if you talk to a bureaucrat or a politician, there are going to be 600 other people with their own points of view. Theres an old saw about Asian business cultures: The Chinese roll out the red carpet; Indians roll out the red tape. Maybe thats why Indian managers are good at managing it. 12They have cut their teeth in a country ranked 134th by the World Bank for ease of doing business. To be fair, its also the reason some of them left home. Indias economic liberalization, which began in 1991, was another blessing for this generation of executives. 11It gave them exposure to a young and fast-growing consumer market. Liberalization unleashed a level of competition that makes you stand on your toes, recalls Vindi. We had to learn to compete with international players but also with very good, extremely fast local ones. In 1987, the companys leading detergent, Surf, faced off against Nirma, a locally produced brand. It didnt cost 5% less, or 10% less, says Vindi, shaking his head. It cost a third of our product. We had to make a product that was better, for the same price. Within 12 months, they had. By Carla Power Adapted from Time Magazine August 01, 2011 http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2084441,00.html. Retrieved on August 5, 2011. Check the CORRECT statement concerning reference.

(Pucsp 2012) Suponha que no plano cartesiano mostrado na figura abaixo, em que a unidade de medida nos eixos coordenados é o quilômetro, as retas r e s representam os trajetos percorridos por dois navios, N1 e N2, antes de ambos atracarem em uma ilha, localizada no ponto I. Considerando que, no momento em que N1 e N2 se encontravam atracados em I, um terceiro navio, N3, foi localizado no ponto de coordenadas (26; 29), a quantos quilômetros N3 distava de I?

(PUC-SP 2012) As Guerras Pnicas, entre romanos e cartagineses, duraram de 264 a 146 a.C. Entre seus resultados finais, podemos considerar que elas