Questões - IME | Gabarito e resoluções

(IME - 2022/2023 - 1 fase) Catalisadores so substncias de grande interesse industrial para processos qumicos e biotecnolgicos, pois permitem a obteno de produtos-alvo com maior rapidez. Analise as afirmativas abaixo. I. Na reao opentxido de vandio tem efeito de superfcie, exemplificando uma catlise heterognea. II. Dada a sua caracterstica basicamente proteica e sua menor estabilidade em relao aos catalisadores qumicos tradicionais, as enzimas so totalmente inativadas durante processos bioqumicos, independentemente das condies operacionais implementadas. III. Os catalisadores reduzem a energia de ativao, resultando em aumento da velocidade de reao, sendo regenerados ao final da converso qumica. IV. A ao do catalisador cria um novo caminho reacional que requer menor energia de ativao, alterando o equilbrio da reao. V. Todos os catalisadores conhecidos so compostos inorgnicos, geralmente constitudos por metais de transio. Assinale a opo que apresenta APENAS as afirmativas verdadeiras.

(IME 2022/2023 - 2 fase) NAS QUESTES DE 33 A 39, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2. Text 2 Overview of current additive manufacturing technologies and selected applications Horn, T..J. e Harrysson, O.L 1 Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing. 5 It remains to be seen what the long term implications of additive manufacturing will be. In many regards, it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. That small segment is growing quickly but the future is by no means certain. Scarcely a quarter century has passed since the first stereolithography systems for rapid prototyping appeared on the market. In that short time, additive manufacturing has not only become relatively common place in science, academia, 10 and industry, but it has also evolved from a method to quickly produce visual models into a new manufacturing paradigm. In the past two decades, revenues associated with products and services show that additive manufac- turing has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry Additive manufacturing has the potential to radically change the way in which many products are made and distributed. Throughout history, key innovations in manufacturing technology have had a profound impact on our 15 society and our culture. An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology. Prior to the industrial revolution goods were typically produced by skilled artisans and were often tailored to satisfy a specific, individual demand. While this approach may have had many inherent advantages to the consumer (i.e. high quality, custom parts on demand) it is doubtful that system could have persisted under the 20 growing demands of society. The invention of the first machine tools (that is tools capable of precisely controlling the relative motion between a tool and a work piece) along with advances in fixturing and metrology facilitated the manufacture of interchangeable parts which, in turn, supported the development of the mass production system. The model of mass production also has many clear advantages to both the producers and the consumers of products, including; 25 high throughput, high quality and product consistency at a low unit cost. This, of course, comes at the cost of reduced product diversity. In the last century, the means by which many goods are manufactured has been radically enhanced by computer controlled machinery and automation. However, in general, the basic methods and materials are quite similar to those used at the turn of the 19th century. Bulk materials must still be either cut, formed, or molded in 30 order to fabricate value-added products. In fact, a large portion of the products that we consume or use at the present time are manufactured using processes like forming, injection molding, casting, extrusion, stamping, and machining. Each one of these processes requires some form of tooling (mold, die, flask, stamp, fixture, etc.). For instance, if we consider casting an exhaust manifold in steel we must first design and fabricate a sand or investment mold with the negative shape of the final part. A metal stamped part, as simple as a washer, requires 35 a die and a large stamping press in order to be produced. A simple plastic cover for a smart phone requires an injection mold that may cost thousands of dollars and an injection molding machine that may costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. The cost and time dedicated to the design and fabrication of tooling that supports mass production represents a significant percentage of the total cost of a product. The natural result of high tooling costs is that within a given mass production system there is an inverse 40 relationship between the quantity of a product that is produced and the variety of product designs available. It is necessary that we recognize that production tooling is not only expensive, but it also constrains the design of products based on innate limitations imposed by the various mass production processes. This is a widely studied area of manufacturing known as design for manufacture (DFM). As a brief example, consider a plastic injection molded part. One of the key limitations is that the mold must 45 provide for the easy removal of the part. This means that the part must have slightly outward sloping surfaces (called positive draft), as inward sloping surfaces would essentially lock the part to the mold like a dovetail making it impossible to remove. Further, the injection mold itself must be precisely machined, ground, and polished from a block of metal, and the processes that are used to do that, like milling with a cutting tool, also have similar limitations (i.e. the cutting tool must be able to access the feature that will be cut). 50 Increasing the complexity of the part to better serve a given function can drive up the cost of the tooling required for producing it and, in many cases, the optimal design for a given purpose is impossible to produce using traditional mass production methods Additive manufacturing represents a fundamentally new method of part fabrication. It is the process of fabricating components directly from 3D computer models by selectively depositing, curing, or consolidating 55 materials one layer upon the next. Each layer represents the cross-sectional geometry of the part at a given height. This is a stark contrast to traditional manufacturing processes like forming, casting, and machining because tooling is not required to produce a part. The freeform nature of additive manufacturing is therefore changing the way we look at traditional DFM constraints. In many cases the traditional constraints no longer apply. 60 By building parts additively, in layers, components can be manufactured with extremely complex geometries, such as internal channels, undercut features, or engineered lattice structures with controlled and/or variable porosity. These are features that are extremely difficult or impossible to produce with traditional methods. The implication of this is quite simple to recognize but at the same time has a profound result. Removing the need for tooling facilitates the economical production of small lot sizes of parts (as low as one) without sacrificing 65 interchangeability, thereby reducing the lead time for production (because the tools do not need to be produced), allowing flexibility in the supply chain and the production location (parts can be made where and when they are demanded), and raising the possibility of transitioning from a system of mass production to one off mass customization. It also means that design changes incur much less cost in production so products can potentially be customized to conform to the needs of the individual consumer. In many ways this concept goes far beyond 70 the definition of most existing mass customization models in which mass produced components are fabricated and then assembled on demand to specific customer orders. Adapted from: Sage Journals. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3184/003685012X134209844630[Accessed on 10th March 2022]. Choose the option that does not refer to the rapid prototyping process:

(IME 2022/2023 - 2 fase) NAS QUESTES DE 33 A 39, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2. Text 2 Overview of current additive manufacturing technologies and selected applications Horn, T..J. e Harrysson, O.L 1 Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing. 5 It remains to be seen what the long term implications of additive manufacturing will be. In many regards, it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. That small segment is growing quickly but the future is by no means certain. Scarcely a quarter century has passed since the first stereolithography systems for rapid prototyping appeared on the market. In that short time, additive manufacturing has not only become relatively common place in science, academia, 10 and industry, but it has also evolved from a method to quickly produce visual models into a new manufacturing paradigm. In the past two decades, revenues associated with products and services show that additive manufac- turing has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry Additive manufacturing has the potential to radically change the way in which many products are made and distributed. Throughout history, key innovations in manufacturing technology have had a profound impact on our 15 society and our culture. An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology. Prior to the industrial revolution goods were typically produced by skilled artisans and were often tailored to satisfy a specific, individual demand. While this approach may have had many inherent advantages to the consumer (i.e. high quality, custom parts on demand) it is doubtful that system could have persisted under the 20 growing demands of society. The invention of the first machine tools (that is tools capable of precisely controlling the relative motion between a tool and a work piece) along with advances in fixturing and metrology facilitated the manufacture of interchangeable parts which, in turn, supported the development of the mass production system. The model of mass production also has many clear advantages to both the producers and the consumers of products, including; 25 high throughput, high quality and product consistency at a low unit cost. This, of course, comes at the cost of reduced product diversity. In the last century, the means by which many goods are manufactured has been radically enhanced by computer controlled machinery and automation. However, in general, the basic methods and materials are quite similar to those used at the turn of the 19th century. Bulk materials must still be either cut, formed, or molded in 30 order to fabricate value-added products. In fact, a large portion of the products that we consume or use at the present time are manufactured using processes like forming, injection molding, casting, extrusion, stamping, and machining. Each one of these processes requires some form of tooling (mold, die, flask, stamp, fixture, etc.). For instance, if we consider casting an exhaust manifold in steel we must first design and fabricate a sand or investment mold with the negative shape of the final part. A metal stamped part, as simple as a washer, requires 35 a die and a large stamping press in order to be produced. A simple plastic cover for a smart phone requires an injection mold that may cost thousands of dollars and an injection molding machine that may costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. The cost and time dedicated to the design and fabrication of tooling that supports mass production represents a significant percentage of the total cost of a product. The natural result of high tooling costs is that within a given mass production system there is an inverse 40 relationship between the quantity of a product that is produced and the variety of product designs available. It is necessary that we recognize that production tooling is not only expensive, but it also constrains the design of products based on innate limitations imposed by the various mass production processes. This is a widely studied area of manufacturing known as design for manufacture (DFM). As a brief example, consider a plastic injection molded part. One of the key limitations is that the mold must 45 provide for the easy removal of the part. This means that the part must have slightly outward sloping surfaces (called positive draft), as inward sloping surfaces would essentially lock the part to the mold like a dovetail making it impossible to remove. Further, the injection mold itself must be precisely machined, ground, and polished from a block of metal, and the processes that are used to do that, like milling with a cutting tool, also have similar limitations (i.e. the cutting tool must be able to access the feature that will be cut). 50 Increasing the complexity of the part to better serve a given function can drive up the cost of the tooling required for producing it and, in many cases, the optimal design for a given purpose is impossible to produce using traditional mass production methods Additive manufacturing represents a fundamentally new method of part fabrication. It is the process of fabricating components directly from 3D computer models by selectively depositing, curing, or consolidating 55 materials one layer upon the next. Each layer represents the cross-sectional geometry of the part at a given height. This is a stark contrast to traditional manufacturing processes like forming, casting, and machining because tooling is not required to produce a part. The freeform nature of additive manufacturing is therefore changing the way we look at traditional DFM constraints. In many cases the traditional constraints no longer apply. 60 By building parts additively, in layers, components can be manufactured with extremely complex geometries, such as internal channels, undercut features, or engineered lattice structures with controlled and/or variable porosity. These are features that are extremely difficult or impossible to produce with traditional methods. The implication of this is quite simple to recognize but at the same time has a profound result. Removing the need for tooling facilitates the economical production of small lot sizes of parts (as low as one) without sacrificing 65 interchangeability, thereby reducing the lead time for production (because the tools do not need to be produced), allowing flexibility in the supply chain and the production location (parts can be made where and when they are demanded), and raising the possibility of transitioning from a system of mass production to one off mass customization. It also means that design changes incur much less cost in production so products can potentially be customized to conform to the needs of the individual consumer. In many ways this concept goes far beyond 70 the definition of most existing mass customization models in which mass produced components are fabricated and then assembled on demand to specific customer orders. Adapted from: Sage Journals. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3184/003685012X134209844630[Accessed on 10th March 2022]. Choose the wrong option:

(IME - 2022/2023 - 1 fase) Considere o arcabouo parcial da Tabela Peridica representado abaixo. Seja um sal tal que: I. seu nion monoatmico apresenta a mesma distribuio eletrnica do gs nobre do perodo; II. seu produto de solubilidade (), quantificado em funo da sua solubilidade molar (S), dado por: ; III. o hidrxido de seu ction monoatmico uma base fraca; e IV. seu ction oriundo de um metal com alta densidade. O sal que melhor satisfaz essas caractersticas :

(IME - 2022/2023 - 1 fase) Assinale a opo correta.

(IME 2022/2023 - 2 fase) NAS QUESTES DE 33 A 39, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2. Text 2 Overview of current additive manufacturing technologies and selected applications Horn, T..J. e Harrysson, O.L 1 Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing. 5 It remains to be seen what the long term implications of additive manufacturing will be. In many regards, it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. That small segment is growing quickly but the future is by no means certain. Scarcely a quarter century has passed since the first stereolithography systems for rapid prototyping appeared on the market. In that short time, additive manufacturing has not only become relatively common place in science, academia, 10 and industry, but it has also evolved from a method to quickly produce visual models into a new manufacturing paradigm. In the past two decades, revenues associated with products and services show that additive manufac- turing has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry Additive manufacturing has the potential to radically change the way in which many products are made and distributed. Throughout history, key innovations in manufacturing technology have had a profound impact on our 15 society and our culture. An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology. Prior to the industrial revolution goods were typically produced by skilled artisans and were often tailored to satisfy a specific, individual demand. While this approach may have had many inherent advantages to the consumer (i.e. high quality, custom parts on demand) it is doubtful that system could have persisted under the 20 growing demands of society. The invention of the first machine tools (that is tools capable of precisely controlling the relative motion between a tool and a work piece) along with advances in fixturing and metrology facilitated the manufacture of interchangeable parts which, in turn, supported the development of the mass production system. The model of mass production also has many clear advantages to both the producers and the consumers of products, including; 25 high throughput, high quality and product consistency at a low unit cost. This, of course, comes at the cost of reduced product diversity. In the last century, the means by which many goods are manufactured has been radically enhanced by computer controlled machinery and automation. However, in general, the basic methods and materials are quite similar to those used at the turn of the 19th century. Bulk materials must still be either cut, formed, or molded in 30 order to fabricate value-added products. In fact, a large portion of the products that we consume or use at the present time are manufactured using processes like forming, injection molding, casting, extrusion, stamping, and machining. Each one of these processes requires some form of tooling (mold, die, flask, stamp, fixture, etc.). For instance, if we consider casting an exhaust manifold in steel we must first design and fabricate a sand or investment mold with the negative shape of the final part. A metal stamped part, as simple as a washer, requires 35 a die and a large stamping press in order to be produced. A simple plastic cover for a smart phone requires an injection mold that may cost thousands of dollars and an injection molding machine that may costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. The cost and time dedicated to the design and fabrication of tooling that supports mass production represents a significant percentage of the total cost of a product. The natural result of high tooling costs is that within a given mass production system there is an inverse 40 relationship between the quantity of a product that is produced and the variety of product designs available. It is necessary that we recognize that production tooling is not only expensive, but it also constrains the design of products based on innate limitations imposed by the various mass production processes. This is a widely studied area of manufacturing known as design for manufacture (DFM). As a brief example, consider a plastic injection molded part. One of the key limitations is that the mold must 45 provide for the easy removal of the part. This means that the part must have slightly outward sloping surfaces (called positive draft), as inward sloping surfaces would essentially lock the part to the mold like a dovetail making it impossible to remove. Further, the injection mold itself must be precisely machined, ground, and polished from a block of metal, and the processes that are used to do that, like milling with a cutting tool, also have similar limitations (i.e. the cutting tool must be able to access the feature that will be cut). 50 Increasing the complexity of the part to better serve a given function can drive up the cost of the tooling required for producing it and, in many cases, the optimal design for a given purpose is impossible to produce using traditional mass production methods Additive manufacturing represents a fundamentally new method of part fabrication. It is the process of fabricating components directly from 3D computer models by selectively depositing, curing, or consolidating 55 materials one layer upon the next. Each layer represents the cross-sectional geometry of the part at a given height. This is a stark contrast to traditional manufacturing processes like forming, casting, and machining because tooling is not required to produce a part. The freeform nature of additive manufacturing is therefore changing the way we look at traditional DFM constraints. In many cases the traditional constraints no longer apply. 60 By building parts additively, in layers, components can be manufactured with extremely complex geometries, such as internal channels, undercut features, or engineered lattice structures with controlled and/or variable porosity. These are features that are extremely difficult or impossible to produce with traditional methods. The implication of this is quite simple to recognize but at the same time has a profound result. Removing the need for tooling facilitates the economical production of small lot sizes of parts (as low as one) without sacrificing 65 interchangeability, thereby reducing the lead time for production (because the tools do not need to be produced), allowing flexibility in the supply chain and the production location (parts can be made where and when they are demanded), and raising the possibility of transitioning from a system of mass production to one off mass customization. It also means that design changes incur much less cost in production so products can potentially be customized to conform to the needs of the individual consumer. In many ways this concept goes far beyond 70 the definition of most existing mass customization models in which mass produced components are fabricated and then assembled on demand to specific customer orders. Adapted from: Sage Journals. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3184/003685012X134209844630[Accessed on 10th March 2022]. Read the following statements about text 2: I.Additive manufacturing can significantly change the manufacturing and distribution of many products. II.Additive manufacturing represents a high percentage of the manufacturing industry III.Our culture and society have been profoundly impacted by innovations in manufacturing technology. According to the mentioned text, the correct statement(s) is(are):

(IME 2022/2023 - 2 fase) NAS QUESTES DE 33 A 39, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2. Text 2 Overview of current additive manufacturing technologies and selected applications Horn, T..J. e Harrysson, O.L 1 Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing. 5 It remains to be seen what the long term implications of additive manufacturing will be. In many regards, it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. That small segment is growing quickly but the future is by no means certain. Scarcely a quarter century has passed since the first stereolithography systems for rapid prototyping appeared on the market. In that short time, additive manufacturing has not only become relatively common place in science, academia, 10 and industry, but it has also evolved from a method to quickly produce visual models into a new manufacturing paradigm. In the past two decades, revenues associated with products and services show that additive manufac- turing has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry Additive manufacturing has the potential to radically change the way in which many products are made and distributed. Throughout history, key innovations in manufacturing technology have had a profound impact on our 15 society and our culture. An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology. Prior to the industrial revolution goods were typically produced by skilled artisans and were often tailored to satisfy a specific, individual demand. While this approach may have had many inherent advantages to the consumer (i.e. high quality, custom parts on demand) it is doubtful that system could have persisted under the 20 growing demands of society. The invention of the first machine tools (that is tools capable of precisely controlling the relative motion between a tool and a work piece) along with advances in fixturing and metrology facilitated the manufacture of interchangeable parts which, in turn, supported the development of the mass production system. The model of mass production also has many clear advantages to both the producers and the consumers of products, including; 25 high throughput, high quality and product consistency at a low unit cost. This, of course, comes at the cost of reduced product diversity. In the last century, the means by which many goods are manufactured has been radically enhanced by computer controlled machinery and automation. However, in general, the basic methods and materials are quite similar to those used at the turn of the 19th century. Bulk materials must still be either cut, formed, or molded in 30 order to fabricate value-added products. In fact, a large portion of the products that we consume or use at the present time are manufactured using processes like forming, injection molding, casting, extrusion, stamping, and machining. Each one of these processes requires some form of tooling (mold, die, flask, stamp, fixture, etc.). For instance, if we consider casting an exhaust manifold in steel we must first design and fabricate a sand or investment mold with the negative shape of the final part. A metal stamped part, as simple as a washer, requires 35 a die and a large stamping press in order to be produced. A simple plastic cover for a smart phone requires an injection mold that may cost thousands of dollars and an injection molding machine that may costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. The cost and time dedicated to the design and fabrication of tooling that supports mass production represents a significant percentage of the total cost of a product. The natural result of high tooling costs is that within a given mass production system there is an inverse 40 relationship between the quantity of a product that is produced and the variety of product designs available. It is necessary that we recognize that production tooling is not only expensive, but it also constrains the design of products based on innate limitations imposed by the various mass production processes. This is a widely studied area of manufacturing known as design for manufacture (DFM). As a brief example, consider a plastic injection molded part. One of the key limitations is that the mold must 45 provide for the easy removal of the part. This means that the part must have slightly outward sloping surfaces (called positive draft), as inward sloping surfaces would essentially lock the part to the mold like a dovetail making it impossible to remove. Further, the injection mold itself must be precisely machined, ground, and polished from a block of metal, and the processes that are used to do that, like milling with a cutting tool, also have similar limitations (i.e. the cutting tool must be able to access the feature that will be cut). 50 Increasing the complexity of the part to better serve a given function can drive up the cost of the tooling required for producing it and, in many cases, the optimal design for a given purpose is impossible to produce using traditional mass production methods Additive manufacturing represents a fundamentally new method of part fabrication. It is the process of fabricating components directly from 3D computer models by selectively depositing, curing, or consolidating 55 materials one layer upon the next. Each layer represents the cross-sectional geometry of the part at a given height. This is a stark contrast to traditional manufacturing processes like forming, casting, and machining because tooling is not required to produce a part. The freeform nature of additive manufacturing is therefore changing the way we look at traditional DFM constraints. In many cases the traditional constraints no longer apply. 60 By building parts additively, in layers, components can be manufactured with extremely complex geometries, such as internal channels, undercut features, or engineered lattice structures with controlled and/or variable porosity. These are features that are extremely difficult or impossible to produce with traditional methods. The implication of this is quite simple to recognize but at the same time has a profound result. Removing the need for tooling facilitates the economical production of small lot sizes of parts (as low as one) without sacrificing 65 interchangeability, thereby reducing the lead time for production (because the tools do not need to be produced), allowing flexibility in the supply chain and the production location (parts can be made where and when they are demanded), and raising the possibility of transitioning from a system of mass production to one off mass customization. It also means that design changes incur much less cost in production so products can potentially be customized to conform to the needs of the individual consumer. In many ways this concept goes far beyond 70 the definition of most existing mass customization models in which mass produced components are fabricated and then assembled on demand to specific customer orders. Adapted from: Sage Journals. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3184/003685012X134209844630[Accessed on 10th March 2022]. The meaning of the underlined word in the sentence: An examination of the applications and techniques suggest that additive manufacture may become a truly disruptive technology. (linha 16) is:

(IME - 2022/2023 - 1 fase) O mapa de contorno da figura abaixo uma representao bidimensional de uma superfcie de energia potencial para a reao em funo das distncias e entre os tomos e e entre e , respectivamente. Nesse grfico, cada uma das linhas cheias indica valores constantes dessa energia e a linha tracejada representa a trajetria da reao. Qual das seguintes opes corresponde identificao correta da regio hachurada para a reao indicada?

(IME 2022/2023 - 2 fase) NAS QUESTES DE 33 A 39, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2. Text 2 Overview of current additive manufacturing technologies and selected applications Horn, T..J. e Harrysson, O.L 1 Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing. 5 It remains to be seen what the long term implications of additive manufacturing will be. In many regards, it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. That small segment is growing quickly but the future is by no means certain. Scarcely a quarter century has passed since the first stereolithography systems for rapid prototyping appeared on the market. In that short time, additive manufacturing has not only become relatively common place in science, academia, 10 and industry, but it has also evolved from a method to quickly produce visual models into a new manufacturing paradigm. In the past two decades, revenues associated with products and services show that additive manufac- turing has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry Additive manufacturing has the potential to radically change the way in which many products are made and distributed. Throughout history, key innovations in manufacturing technology have had a profound impact on our 15 society and our culture. An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology. Prior to the industrial revolution goods were typically produced by skilled artisans and were often tailored to satisfy a specific, individual demand. While this approach may have had many inherent advantages to the consumer (i.e. high quality, custom parts on demand) it is doubtful that system could have persisted under the 20 growing demands of society. The invention of the first machine tools (that is tools capable of precisely controlling the relative motion between a tool and a work piece) along with advances in fixturing and metrology facilitated the manufacture of interchangeable parts which, in turn, supported the development of the mass production system. The model of mass production also has many clear advantages to both the producers and the consumers of products, including; 25 high throughput, high quality and product consistency at a low unit cost. This, of course, comes at the cost of reduced product diversity. In the last century, the means by which many goods are manufactured has been radically enhanced by computer controlled machinery and automation. However, in general, the basic methods and materials are quite similar to those used at the turn of the 19th century. Bulk materials must still be either cut, formed, or molded in 30 order to fabricate value-added products. In fact, a large portion of the products that we consume or use at the present time are manufactured using processes like forming, injection molding, casting, extrusion, stamping, and machining. Each one of these processes requires some form of tooling (mold, die, flask, stamp, fixture, etc.). For instance, if we consider casting an exhaust manifold in steel we must first design and fabricate a sand or investment mold with the negative shape of the final part. A metal stamped part, as simple as a washer, requires 35 a die and a large stamping press in order to be produced. A simple plastic cover for a smart phone requires an injection mold that may cost thousands of dollars and an injection molding machine that may costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. The cost and time dedicated to the design and fabrication of tooling that supports mass production represents a significant percentage of the total cost of a product. The natural result of high tooling costs is that within a given mass production system there is an inverse 40 relationship between the quantity of a product that is produced and the variety of product designs available. It is necessary that we recognize that production tooling is not only expensive, but it also constrains the design of products based on innate limitations imposed by the various mass production processes. This is a widely studied area of manufacturing known as design for manufacture (DFM). As a brief example, consider a plastic injection molded part. One of the key limitations is that the mold must 45 provide for the easy removal of the part. This means that the part must have slightly outward sloping surfaces (called positive draft), as inward sloping surfaces would essentially lock the part to the mold like a dovetail making it impossible to remove. Further, the injection mold itself must be precisely machined, ground, and polished from a block of metal, and the processes that are used to do that, like milling with a cutting tool, also have similar limitations (i.e. the cutting tool must be able to access the feature that will be cut). 50 Increasing the complexity of the part to better serve a given function can drive up the cost of the tooling required for producing it and, in many cases, the optimal design for a given purpose is impossible to produce using traditional mass production methods Additive manufacturing represents a fundamentally new method of part fabrication. It is the process of fabricating components directly from 3D computer models by selectively depositing, curing, or consolidating 55 materials one layer upon the next. Each layer represents the cross-sectional geometry of the part at a given height. This is a stark contrast to traditional manufacturing processes like forming, casting, and machining because tooling is not required to produce a part. The freeform nature of additive manufacturing is therefore changing the way we look at traditional DFM constraints. In many cases the traditional constraints no longer apply. 60 By building parts additively, in layers, components can be manufactured with extremely complex geometries, such as internal channels, undercut features, or engineered lattice structures with controlled and/or variable porosity. These are features that are extremely difficult or impossible to produce with traditional methods. The implication of this is quite simple to recognize but at the same time has a profound result. Removing the need for tooling facilitates the economical production of small lot sizes of parts (as low as one) without sacrificing 65 interchangeability, thereby reducing the lead time for production (because the tools do not need to be produced), allowing flexibility in the supply chain and the production location (parts can be made where and when they are demanded), and raising the possibility of transitioning from a system of mass production to one off mass customization. It also means that design changes incur much less cost in production so products can potentially be customized to conform to the needs of the individual consumer. In many ways this concept goes far beyond 70 the definition of most existing mass customization models in which mass produced components are fabricated and then assembled on demand to specific customer orders. Adapted from: Sage Journals. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3184/003685012X134209844630[Accessed on 10th March 2022]. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2022/2023 - 1 fase) Identifique a frmula estrutural do principal produto da reao entre o cicloexa-1,4-dieno e o ciclopentadieno, ocorrida mediante aquecimento.

(IME 2022/2023 - 2 fase) NAS QUESTES DE 33 A 39, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2. Text 2 Overview of current additive manufacturing technologies and selected applications Horn, T..J. e Harrysson, O.L 1 Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing. 5 It remains to be seen what the long term implications of additive manufacturing will be. In many regards, it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. That small segment is growing quickly but the future is by no means certain. Scarcely a quarter century has passed since the first stereolithography systems for rapid prototyping appeared on the market. In that short time, additive manufacturing has not only become relatively common place in science, academia, 10 and industry, but it has also evolved from a method to quickly produce visual models into a new manufacturing paradigm. In the past two decades, revenues associated with products and services show that additive manufac- turing has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry Additive manufacturing has the potential to radically change the way in which many products are made and distributed. Throughout history, key innovations in manufacturing technology have had a profound impact on our 15 society and our culture. An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology. Prior to the industrial revolution goods were typically produced by skilled artisans and were often tailored to satisfy a specific, individual demand. While this approach may have had many inherent advantages to the consumer (i.e. high quality, custom parts on demand) it is doubtful that system could have persisted under the 20 growing demands of society. The invention of the first machine tools (that is tools capable of precisely controlling the relative motion between a tool and a work piece) along with advances in fixturing and metrology facilitated the manufacture of interchangeable parts which, in turn, supported the development of the mass production system. The model of mass production also has many clear advantages to both the producers and the consumers of products, including; 25 high throughput, high quality and product consistency at a low unit cost. This, of course, comes at the cost of reduced product diversity. In the last century, the means by which many goods are manufactured has been radically enhanced by computer controlled machinery and automation. However, in general, the basic methods and materials are quite similar to those used at the turn of the 19th century. Bulk materials must still be either cut, formed, or molded in 30 order to fabricate value-added products. In fact, a large portion of the products that we consume or use at the present time are manufactured using processes like forming, injection molding, casting, extrusion, stamping, and machining. Each one of these processes requires some form of tooling (mold, die, flask, stamp, fixture, etc.). For instance, if we consider casting an exhaust manifold in steel we must first design and fabricate a sand or investment mold with the negative shape of the final part. A metal stamped part, as simple as a washer, requires 35 a die and a large stamping press in order to be produced. A simple plastic cover for a smart phone requires an injection mold that may cost thousands of dollars and an injection molding machine that may costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. The cost and time dedicated to the design and fabrication of tooling that supports mass production represents a significant percentage of the total cost of a product. The natural result of high tooling costs is that within a given mass production system there is an inverse 40 relationship between the quantity of a product that is produced and the variety of product designs available. It is necessary that we recognize that production tooling is not only expensive, but it also constrains the design of products based on innate limitations imposed by the various mass production processes. This is a widely studied area of manufacturing known as design for manufacture (DFM). As a brief example, consider a plastic injection molded part. One of the key limitations is that the mold must 45 provide for the easy removal of the part. This means that the part must have slightly outward sloping surfaces (called positive draft), as inward sloping surfaces would essentially lock the part to the mold like a dovetail making it impossible to remove. Further, the injection mold itself must be precisely machined, ground, and polished from a block of metal, and the processes that are used to do that, like milling with a cutting tool, also have similar limitations (i.e. the cutting tool must be able to access the feature that will be cut). 50 Increasing the complexity of the part to better serve a given function can drive up the cost of the tooling required for producing it and, in many cases, the optimal design for a given purpose is impossible to produce using traditional mass production methods Additive manufacturing represents a fundamentally new method of part fabrication. It is the process of fabricating components directly from 3D computer models by selectively depositing, curing, or consolidating 55 materials one layer upon the next. Each layer represents the cross-sectional geometry of the part at a given height. This is a stark contrast to traditional manufacturing processes like forming, casting, and machining because tooling is not required to produce a part. The freeform nature of additive manufacturing is therefore changing the way we look at traditional DFM constraints. In many cases the traditional constraints no longer apply. 60 By building parts additively, in layers, components can be manufactured with extremely complex geometries, such as internal channels, undercut features, or engineered lattice structures with controlled and/or variable porosity. These are features that are extremely difficult or impossible to produce with traditional methods. The implication of this is quite simple to recognize but at the same time has a profound result. Removing the need for tooling facilitates the economical production of small lot sizes of parts (as low as one) without sacrificing 65 interchangeability, thereby reducing the lead time for production (because the tools do not need to be produced), allowing flexibility in the supply chain and the production location (parts can be made where and when they are demanded), and raising the possibility of transitioning from a system of mass production to one off mass customization. It also means that design changes incur much less cost in production so products can potentially be customized to conform to the needs of the individual consumer. In many ways this concept goes far beyond 70 the definition of most existing mass customization models in which mass produced components are fabricated and then assembled on demand to specific customer orders. Adapted from: Sage Journals. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3184/003685012X134209844630[Accessed on 10th March 2022]. The meaning of the underlined word in the sentence:it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. (linhas 6 e 7) is:

(IME - 2022/2023 - 1 fase) A prednisona um pr-frmaco que convertido, pelo fgado, no metablito ativo prednisolona, o qual possui potente ao anti-inflamatria. Suas estruturas so mostradas abaixo: Considerando as estruturas acima, so feitas as afirmaes abaixo. I. A prednisona sofre reduo para se transformar em prednisolona. II. Ambas as molculas tm o mesmo nmero de carbonos quirais. III. Os grupos cetona, lcool e ster so funes orgnicas presentes em ambas as molculas. Assinale a opo que apresenta APENAS a(s) afirmativa(s) verdadeira(s).

(IME 2022/2023 - 2 fase) NAS QUESTES DE 33 A 39, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2. Text 2 Overview of current additive manufacturing technologies and selected applications Horn, T..J. e Harrysson, O.L 1 Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing. 5 It remains to be seen what the long term implications of additive manufacturing will be. In many regards, it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. That small segment is growing quickly but the future is by no means certain. Scarcely a quarter century has passed since the first stereolithography systems for rapid prototyping appeared on the market. In that short time, additive manufacturing has not only become relatively common place in science, academia, 10 and industry, but it has also evolved from a method to quickly produce visual models into a new manufacturing paradigm. In the past two decades, revenues associated with products and services show that additive manufac- turing has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry Additive manufacturing has the potential to radically change the way in which many products are made and distributed. Throughout history, key innovations in manufacturing technology have had a profound impact on our 15 society and our culture. An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology. Prior to the industrial revolution goods were typically produced by skilled artisans and were often tailored to satisfy a specific, individual demand. While this approach may have had many inherent advantages to the consumer (i.e. high quality, custom parts on demand) it is doubtful that system could have persisted under the 20 growing demands of society. The invention of the first machine tools (that is tools capable of precisely controlling the relative motion between a tool and a work piece) along with advances in fixturing and metrology facilitated the manufacture of interchangeable parts which, in turn, supported the development of the mass production system. The model of mass production also has many clear advantages to both the producers and the consumers of products, including; 25 high throughput, high quality and product consistency at a low unit cost. This, of course, comes at the cost of reduced product diversity. In the last century, the means by which many goods are manufactured has been radically enhanced by computer controlled machinery and automation. However, in general, the basic methods and materials are quite similar to those used at the turn of the 19th century. Bulk materials must still be either cut, formed, or molded in 30 order to fabricate value-added products. In fact, a large portion of the products that we consume or use at the present time are manufactured using processes like forming, injection molding, casting, extrusion, stamping, and machining. Each one of these processes requires some form of tooling (mold, die, flask, stamp, fixture, etc.). For instance, if we consider casting an exhaust manifold in steel we must first design and fabricate a sand or investment mold with the negative shape of the final part. A metal stamped part, as simple as a washer, requires 35 a die and a large stamping press in order to be produced. A simple plastic cover for a smart phone requires an injection mold that may cost thousands of dollars and an injection molding machine that may costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. The cost and time dedicated to the design and fabrication of tooling that supports mass production represents a significant percentage of the total cost of a product. The natural result of high tooling costs is that within a given mass production system there is an inverse 40 relationship between the quantity of a product that is produced and the variety of product designs available. It is necessary that we recognize that production tooling is not only expensive, but it also constrains the design of products based on innate limitations imposed by the various mass production processes. This is a widely studied area of manufacturing known as design for manufacture (DFM). As a brief example, consider a plastic injection molded part. One of the key limitations is that the mold must 45 provide for the easy removal of the part. This means that the part must have slightly outward sloping surfaces (called positive draft), as inward sloping surfaces would essentially lock the part to the mold like a dovetail making it impossible to remove. Further, the injection mold itself must be precisely machined, ground, and polished from a block of metal, and the processes that are used to do that, like milling with a cutting tool, also have similar limitations (i.e. the cutting tool must be able to access the feature that will be cut). 50 Increasing the complexity of the part to better serve a given function can drive up the cost of the tooling required for producing it and, in many cases, the optimal design for a given purpose is impossible to produce using traditional mass production methods Additive manufacturing represents a fundamentally new method of part fabrication. It is the process of fabricating components directly from 3D computer models by selectively depositing, curing, or consolidating 55 materials one layer upon the next. Each layer represents the cross-sectional geometry of the part at a given height. This is a stark contrast to traditional manufacturing processes like forming, casting, and machining because tooling is not required to produce a part. The freeform nature of additive manufacturing is therefore changing the way we look at traditional DFM constraints. In many cases the traditional constraints no longer apply. 60 By building parts additively, in layers, components can be manufactured with extremely complex geometries, such as internal channels, undercut features, or engineered lattice structures with controlled and/or variable porosity. These are features that are extremely difficult or impossible to produce with traditional methods. The implication of this is quite simple to recognize but at the same time has a profound result. Removing the need for tooling facilitates the economical production of small lot sizes of parts (as low as one) without sacrificing 65 interchangeability, thereby reducing the lead time for production (because the tools do not need to be produced), allowing flexibility in the supply chain and the production location (parts can be made where and when they are demanded), and raising the possibility of transitioning from a system of mass production to one off mass customization. It also means that design changes incur much less cost in production so products can potentially be customized to conform to the needs of the individual consumer. In many ways this concept goes far beyond 70 the definition of most existing mass customization models in which mass produced components are fabricated and then assembled on demand to specific customer orders. Adapted from: Sage Journals. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3184/003685012X134209844630[Accessed on 10th March 2022]. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2022/2023 - 1 fase) Considere a teoria dos gases ideais e a equao dos gases de van der Waals dada abaixo. Assinale a opo correta.

QUESTO ANULADA!! (IME - 2022/2023 - 1 fase) Dois reatores A e B, com volumes invariveis de 20 litros cada um, so aquecidos at atingir a temperatura de . Cada um dos reatores possui uma vlvula de segurana: a do reator A se abre automaticamente quando so produzidas em seu interior presses iguais ou superiores a 1,5 atm, enquanto que a do reator B se abre automaticamente quando so produzidas em seu interior presses iguais ou superiores a 3,5 atm. No reator A foi armazenada hidrazina lquida (), que se decomps inteiramente em 0,163 mol de gs hidrognio e 0,082 mol de gs nitrognio a . No reator B encontram-se em equilbrio, amnia, de e de , a , com um valor de (constante de equilbrio em termos de presso parcial) igual a 0,25. Dados: massas atmicas: H = 1 u; N = 14 u; ; e os gases se comportam idealmente. Se aumentarmos em a temperatura do reator A, podemos afirmar que: (A) a vlvula do reator A se abre e a do reator B permanece aberta. (B) a vlvula do reator A se abre e a do reator B permanece fechada. (C) a vlvula do reator A permanece fechada e a do reator B permanece aberta. (D) as vlvulas de ambos os reatores permanecem fechadas. (E) as vlvulas de ambos os reatores permanecem abertas. QUESTO ANULADA!!