Questões - IME | Gabarito e resoluções

Sobre o excerto do texto 2: Chegou um tempo em que no adianta morrer. Chegou um tempo em que a vida e uma ordem. A vida apenas, sem mistificao. (linhas 21 a 23) O valor semntico do vocbulo sublinhado mistificao se aproxima de:

Considere as assertivas relacionadas aos textos 1 e 2: I. O texto 2 apresenta a guerra como uma experincia-limite que pea prova a crena e a descrena do homem. II. O texto 1 considera o amor de Kindzu por Farida como um contrapeso salutar a dor e solido do personagem em um pas fraturado pela guerra civil. III. O texto 1 e o texto 2 enfatizam a dimenso da fora e da resistnciados indivduos em face de situaes desesperadoras e sem sada. Est(o) correta(s) apenas a(s) assertiva(s):

Text 1 Why we should eat less meat Eating less meat is good for the planet, good(21)animals, and good for(22)health. Its not all or(23). While adopting a vegan or vegetarian diet is commendable, it(24)not be possible for everyone. The current demand for animal protein (meat, dairy, and eggs) is unsustainable. It enforces the(25)for intensive farming methods,(26)animals are inhumanely caged in small spaces that restrict their natural behaviours, selectively bred to grow(27)and pumped full of antibiotics unnecessarily. Of the 70+ billion animals farmed globally(28)year, an estimated 50 billion of them will spend their entire lives on these factory farms where (29) like commodities. A substantial reduction in animal protein consumption across the globe(30)free up land and other resources, making room for higher welfare, more sustainable production systems, that would benefit both the animals and humans. Factory farming fuels climate change, pollutes landscapes and waterways, and wastefully uses precious resources. Animal agriculture is estimated to account for nearly 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions,(31)more than all the cars, planes, and other forms of transport put together. Decreasing the demand for animal products will help conserve water, save vital habitats, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help conserve our Earth. Industrial animal agriculture is the(32)largest driver of habitat loss and deforestation worldwide. Adapted from: World Animal Protection in: https://www.worldanimalprotection.ca/news/why-we-should-eat-lessmeat [Accessed on March 06th, 2023].

Text 3 Climate of conspiracy: A meta-analysis of the consequences of belief in conspiracy theories about climate change By Mikey Biddlestone, Flavio Azevedo, Sander van der Linden 1 Despite widespread scientific consensus on climate change, conspiracy theories about its causes and consequences are flourishing. In response, psychological research has started to investigate the consequences of espousing conspiracy beliefs about climate change. Although some scholars maintain that the evidence for a causal link between belief in conspiracy theories and behavior remains elusive, others have argued that climate 5 change conspiracy theories undermine pro-climate action. Overall, we find clear evidence that climate conspiracy beliefs have moderate-to-large negative correlations with not only acceptance of (climate) science, trust, and pro-environmental concern, but also with behavioural intentions and policy support. Most of these effects were not moderated by design (experimental vs. correlational), political ideology, or prior conspiracy beliefs. After a meta-analysis we find clear evidence that climate change conspiracy beliefs correlate with a host of concerning 10 societal outcomes, including lower acceptance of (climate) science, distrust, lower concern for the environment, and also lower intentions to take action and support pro-environmental policies. An important open question concerns the direction of causality. Although it is possibleand perhaps likelythat people who are skeptical of climate change are more likely to endorse conspiracy theories about global warming, we can also expect that people who are exposed to climate change conspiracy theories become more skeptical and are less likely to 15 take pro-environmental action. In one of the included experiments, people were less likely to sign a petition to counter climate change following exposure to a conspiracy theory about global warming. At the same time, we note that the number of experiments included in the analysis was unbalanced and relatively low compared to the number of correlational designs, which is likely a reflection of the larger literature: most studies do not provide an experimental test of whether exposure to conspiracy theories causes people to disengage from science and 20 politics. Interestingly, our moderation analyses generally did not find that the observed effect sizes were impacted by study design, with the exception of pro-environmental policy-support. Moreover, although publication bias was present in many caseswhich is somewhat expected considering our exclusion of the grey literaturethe bias-corrected meta-analytic effect sizes were similar to those obtained in the main analyses. Nonetheless, given the fact that only a few experimental studies were available for each outcome variable, we feel that it 25 is premature to make any firm conclusions about the overall absence of moderation effects based on study design. In fact, it is interesting that in the case of policy support, data from the only experimental study did not corrobate the correlational evidence. In all likelihood, both causal pathways are possible and potentially mutually reinforcing so that people with skeptical prior attitudes might seek out conspiracy theories about climate change, whilst those exposed to conspiracy theories also become more skeptical about the issue. Consistent with long 30 standing political polarization on the issue of climate change at both elite and mass publics levelsat least in the United Statesa large body of work has supported an asymmetrical relationship, such that the endorsement of climate change conspiracy theories appears stronger on the political right. Although conservative ideology itself had a strong positive meta-analytic correlation with belief in climate conspiracies (r = 0.45), it is interesting to note that the effect sizes were not reliably moderated by political orientation for any of the outcome measures. 35 Similarly, we do not find evidence of reliable moderation effects for prior conspiracy beliefs. In addition, contrary to evidence which suggests that climate denial is uniquely prevalent in the United States, the effect-sizes were not moderated by country in our meta-analysis. However, we note that the overwhelming majority of studies (86%) and participants (96%) were US-based. Although some interventionssuch as highlighting scientific consensus and psychological inoculation have 40 shown promise in combatting conspiracy beliefs, considering that in many countries almost a third of the population endorses the belief that climate change is hoax, future research should urgently evaluate how to counter public belief in climate change conspiracy theories. We note, in many cases, the need to gather more data (from non-WEIRD samples), and the presence of publication bias and effect size heterogeneity. Adapted from: Climate of conspiracy: A meta-analysis of the consequences of belief in conspiracy theories about climate change in: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X22001099 [Accessed on March 10th, 2023]. The word Although (line 3 - Text 3) can be replaced without changing the meaning of the sentence by:

Text 2 The climate is changing the thing is, it isnt just due to humans By Tonya T. Neaves 1 Natural forces beyond human control are also gradually affecting our climate. These geophysical forces are vital to understanding global warming. Man is indeed responsible for a large portion possibly even a majority of global warming. But also in play are complex gravitational interactions, including changes in the Earths orbit, axial tilt and torque. This fact needs to be included in the public debate. Because these gravitational shifts, 5 occurring over millennia, can influence climate patterns and ultimately lead to noticeable variations in seasons. Interestingly, research suggests climate change can alter the tilt of the Earth, but an unrelated change in tilt can also further change the climate. It is a balance-counterbalance relationship. Changes in seasons can also affect other types of storms, including severe winter snowstorms and tornadoes. The variations in the Earths orbit are known as the Milankovitch cycles after the Serbian geophysicist Milutin Milankovic, who hypothesized this 10 phenomenon in the 1920s. He discovered that variations in the Earths path around the Sun, axial tilt and torque could together affect our climate. Even a slight change or orientation in the precession of the Earths rotating body can cause a wobbling effect shifting torque in different areas since the planet is not a perfect sphere to some peoples surprise. Now would seem a particularly apt time to act. The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season was an intense, record-setting period. With several landfall hurricanes barreling their way through the Caribbean and 15 Gulf of Mexico, devastating parts of the Leeward Islands and United States. Still, even President Donald J. Trump has implied the whole of idea climate change may just be a hoax. Most Republicans seem to agree that it is not a serious problem. Meanwhile, while some Democrats have tried to use the frequency and intensity of storms in the hopes of highlighting the climate change conversation, even this effort has seemed muted. The heightened culture of disaster only feeds our attention on political banter and ideological semantics with no room for informed 20 decision-making. Though climate change is inevitable, we also need to have a healthy appreciation of the fact that climate shifts arent just limited to rapidly changing weather patterns. Turning the corner into unexplored territory is always difficult. By having a broader sense of communal resiliency social, political and economic standing we can manage this unavoidable pendulum of climate extremes. Adapted from: THINK - Opinion, Analysis, Essays in: https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/climate-changingnot-just-because-humans-here-s-why-matters-ncna824271 [Accessed on March 10th, 2023]. Choose the wrong option according to Text 2:

Com relao aos compostos de interesse bioqumico abaixo, a alternativa INCORRETA :

Em relao ao texto 1, considere as seguintes assertivas: I. Em Atali me distrara nesse estar contente sem nenhuma felicidade. (linha 1), os vocbulos em destaque possuem o mesmo nmero de fonemas. II. Em Mas Farida me mandava calar, dedo sorrindo sobre os lbios (linhas 3 e 4), nos vocbulos em destaque h, respectivamente, um encontro consonantal imperfeito e um encontro consonantal perfeito. III. Em Talvez porque nao tivesse um filho, no tivesse ningum. (linhas 5 e 6), na palavra destacada hapenas um dgrafo consonantal e um ditongo nasal crescente. Est(o) correta(s) apenas a(s) assertiva(s):

Para cada nmero inteiro, seja. Determine o menor valor depara o qual

The Milankovitch cycles (line 9 - Text 2) are:

Choose the option that best represents the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence below: Even a slight change or orientation in the precession of the Earths rotating body can cause a wobbling effect shifting torque in different areas since the planet is not a perfect sphere to some peoples surprise. (lines 11 and 12 - Text 2)

(IME - 2022/2023 - 2 fase) Determine o(s) valor(es) real(ais) de x tal(is) que

(IME - 2022/2023 - 1 fase) Considere as matrizese.Seja a transposta da matriz . Sabendo que ento

(IME 2022/2023 - 2 fase) Considere: Constante universal dos gases ideais: Constante de Faraday = = 1,3108 Composico molar do ar atmosfrico: 79% de N2 e 21% de O2 Tabela Periodica dos Elementos Qumicos: O calcrio uma rocha de origem sedimentar constituda predominantemente por carbonato de clcio. Uma tcnica que pode ser utilizada para determinar o teor de carbonato de clcio em uma amostra de calcrio a volumtria, a qual consiste na determinao da concentrao de umasoluo A por meio do gasto de uma soluo B de concentrao conhecida, ocorrendo uma reaoqumica entre A e B. Uma amostra de 1,0 g de calcrio foi dissolvida utilizando-se 25,0 mL de uma soluo de cido clordrico com concentrao de 1,0 mol/L. Na sequncia, utilizou-se uma soluo de hidrxido de sdio com concentrao de 0,5 mol/L para neutralizar o excesso de cido, consumindo-se 17,2 mL da soluo. Considerando que apenas o carbonato de clcio presente na amostra de calcrio reage com o cido clordrico, determine: a)as equaes balanceadas das reaes envolvidas no processo; b)a porcentagem mssica de carbonato de clcio presente na amostra de calcrio.

(IME 2022/2023 - 2 fase) Apos seis dias de guerra entre a Rssia e a Ucrnia, jamais o conflito sobre o front cyber tem sido to intenso. Do blecaute do site as tentativas de captura das senhas de diplomatas em Kiev, os ataques suspeitos ou comprovados se multiplicam, simultaneamente ao combate no terreno. Desde o primeiro dia da invaso, os apoiadores da Ucrnia por trs da emblemica Anonymous um coletivo informal de hackers reivindicam terem tornados inacessveis os sites do governo russo. Por outro lado, o governo ucraniano conduziu um exrcito ciberntico de civis voluntrios a quem foram indicados uns trinta alvos, dentre os quais os sites da Administrao, mdias, bancos russos e o buscador Yandex. E com xito.(Les Echos. Por Florian Dbes. Publicado em 2 de maro de 2022 s 06h30min. Divulgado em 2 de maro, as 09h52min.Traduo livre) (https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/hightech/guerre-en-ukraine-les-cyberattaques-font-rage-1390592) A guerra, no somos ns que a fazemos: ela que nos fabrica, sua maneira (Jean-Paul Sartre. Sequestrs dAltona. Traduo livre) Se vocconhece o inimigo e conhece a si mesmo, no precisa temer o resultado de cem batalhas. Se voc se conhecemas no conhece o inimigo, para cada vitria ganha sofrer tambm uma derrota. Se vocno conhece nem o inimigo nem a si mesmo, perdertodas as batalhas [...] (SUN TZU, A arte da guerra) A partir das ideias abordadas na prova de portugus e nos textos motivadores, a respeito da guerra, produza um texto dissertativo-argumentativo que discorra sobre o uso da tecnologia nos conflitos armados atuais. Em sua escrita, atente para as seguintes consideraes: Privilegie a norma culta da lngua portuguesa. Eventuais equvocos morfossintticos, erros de regncia, concordncia, coeso e coerncia, bem como desvios da grafia vigente e a noobservncia das regras de acentuao sero penalizados; O texto devera ter entre 25 (vinte e cinco) e 30 (trinta) linhas escritas tinta azul. No copie nem faa parfrases de nenhuma parte dos textos apresentados neste exame, seja da prova de portugus ou da prova de ingls.