Questões - UNICAMP | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE)Leia a seguinte passagem de Os Cus de Judas, de Antnio Lobo Antunes: Deito um centmetro mentolado de guerra na escova de dentes matinal, e cuspo no lavatrio a espuma verde-escura dos eucaliptos de Ninda, a minha barba a floresta do Chalala a resistir ao napalm da gillete, um grande rumor de trpicos ensanguentados cresce-me nas vsceras, que protestam. (Antonio Lobo Antunes, Os cus de Judas. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2003, p.213.) a) A que guerra se refere o narrador? b) Por que o narrador utiliza o presente do indicativo ao falar sobre a guerra? c) Que recurso estilstico ele utiliza para aproximar a guerra de seu cotidiano? Cite dois exemplos.

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 1 FASE) O perodo de 1789 a 1848 foi marcado por profundas mudanas. A primeira foi demogrfica. A populao do Reino Unido, por exemplo, quase duplicou entre 1800 e 1850. A segunda maior mudana foi nas comunicaes. As ferrovias j tinham considervel importncia prtica na Gr-Bretanha, Estados Unidos, Blgica, Frana e Alemanha. Tambm devemos enfatizar o aumento da velocidade e da capacidade de carga assim alcanadas. As ferrovias facilitaram as viagens e os transportes, uniram a cidade ao campo, as regies pobres s ricas. O crescimento da populao deveu-se muito a elas. (Adaptado de Eric Hobsbawm, A era das revolues. 1789-1848. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1982, p. 188-189.) a) Por que 1789 e 1848 so importantes marcos cronolgicos da histria poltica europeia? b) Estabelea duas relaes importantes entre as ferrovias e a produo industrial na primeira metade do sculo XIX. c) Qual a importncia das ferrovias na ocupao do territrio dos EUA no sculo XIX?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda questo. Indianapolis chosen as guinea pig to test new cigarette. A leading tobacco company claims to have developed a new cigarette with less toxins, and it is testing it on the people of greater Indianapolis. But we all know toxins are poisons. POISONS. And a little poison wont leave you any less dead. INDIANA TOBACCO PREVENTION AND CESSATION O texto faz, ao mesmo tempo, uma denncia e um alerta. a) Qual a denncia? b) Qual o alerta?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2FASE) A caracterstica mais notvel da Grcia antiga, a razo profunda de todas as suas grandezas e de todas as suas fraquezas, ter sido repartida numa infinidade de cidades que formavam um nmero correspondente de Estados. As condies geogrficas da Grcia contriburam fortemente para dar-lhe sua feio histrica. Recortada pelo embate entre a montanha e o mar, h uma fragmentao fsica e poltica das diferentes sociedades. (Adaptado de Gustave Glotz, A cidade grega. So Paulo: Difel, 1980, p. 1.) a) Segundo o texto, qual a organizao poltica mais relevante da Grcia antiga? Indique suas principais caractersticas. b) Relacione a economia da Grcia antiga com as condies geogrficas indicadas no texto.

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )O texto abaixo reproduz uma fala de Ellen Orford, uma personagem da pera Peter Grimes, escrita pelo britnico Benjamim Britten (Libreto Montagu Slater, ato II, cena I). Leia-o e responda questo. ELLEN When fi rst I started teaching the life at school to me seemed bleak and empty But soon I found a way of knowing children, found the woes of little people hurt more, but are more simple. a) Qual a profisso de Ellen e quais foram as primeiras impresses que teve de seu trabalho? b) O que a personagem descobriu sobre os desgostos, as mgoas das crianas?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) No contexto das invases brbaras do sculo X, os bispos da provncia de Reims registraram: S h cidades despovoadas, mosteiros em runas ou incendiados, campos reduzidos ao abandono. Por toda parte, os homens so semelhantes aos peixes do mar que se devoram uns aos outros. Naquele tempo, as pessoas tinham a sensao de viver numa odiosa atmosfera de desordens e de violncia. O feudalismo medieval nasceu no seio de uma poca conturbada. Em certa medida, nasceu dessas mesmas perturbaes. Adaptado de Marc Bloch, A sociedade feudal. Lisboa: Edies 70, 1982, p. 19.) a) Estabelea as relaes entre as invases brbaras e o surgimento do feudalismo. b) Identifique duas instituies romanas que contriburam para a formao do feudalismo na Europa medieval. Explique o significado de uma delas.

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )No ano passado, o furaco Katrina que atingiu e devastou vrias cidades do sul dos Estados Unidos destacou-se como matria para o humor de muitos cartunistas norte-americanos. The Akron Beacon Journal, por exemplo, publicou, em 30/08/2005, a tirinha abaixo, de Chip Bok. Com base nela, responda questo. a) Que efeitos do Katrina esto sendo noticiados na tirinha? b) Explicite o comportamento humano que a tirinha pe em evidncia.

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) A legitimidade dos reis lusitanos se confundia com o bem comum desde o sculo XIV, quando vingou o princpio de que os reis no so proprietrios de seus reinos, mas sim seus defensores, acrescentadores e administradores. O Novo Mundo parecia assistir eroso do bem comum. A distncia que separava a Amrica portuguesa da sede do reino tornou a colnia um lugar de desproteo. A lonjura em relao ao bafo do rei facilitava a usurpao de direitos dos sditos pelas autoridades consideradas venais e despticas. (Adaptado de Luciano Figueiredo, Narrativas das rebelies: linguagem poltica e idias radicais na Amrica portuguesa moderna. Revista USP, 57. So Paulo: USP, mar-mai, 2003, p. 10-11.) a) Segundo o texto, que mudana se observa no sculo XIV com relao legitimidade do rei lusitano? Por que essa legitimidade esteve ameaada na Amrica portuguesa? b) Na Amrica portuguesa, houve vrias revoltas de colonos. Cite uma delas e o que os revoltosos defendiam?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) Todos os legisladores do sculo XVIII concordavam que o Estado britnico existia para preservar a propriedade e, incidentalmente, as vidas e liberdades dos proprietrios. (Adaptado de E.P. Thompson, Senhores e Caadores: a origem da lei negra. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1987, p. 21.) a) A partir da afirmao de E. P. Thompson, caracterize o pensamento poltico presente no Estado britnico do sculo XVIII. b) Identifique duas caractersticas dos Estados europeus do ps-segunda guerra mundial que os diferenciava do Estado britnico, descrito por E.P. Thompson

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda questo. Teenage Pregnancy Teenage birth rates in the USA have declined steadily since 1991. While this is good news, teen birth rates in this country remain high, exceeding those in most developed countries. High teen birth rates are an important concern because teen mothers and their babies face increased risks to their health, and their opportunities to build a future are diminished. Between 1991 and 2002, the teenage birth rate fell by 30 percent. Still, in 2002, about 4 teenage girls in 100 had a baby. About 11 percent of all U.S. births in 2002 were to teens (ages 15 to 19) and about 17 percent of teen mothers go on to have a second baby within three years after the birth of their first baby. A teenage mother is at greater risk than women over age 20 for pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced anemia and high blood pressure. Teens that are under 15 years old also may be more than twice as likely to die of pregnancy complications as mothers ages 20 to 24. Teen mothers are more likely than mothers over age 20 to give birth prematurely. In 2002, 9.6 percent of mothers ages 15 to 19 years had a low birth weight baby (under 5.5 pounds), compared to 7.8 percent for mothers of all ages. Low birth weight babies may have organs that are not fully developed. This can lead to chronic lung problems, or bleeding in the brain, blindness and serious intestinal problems. Low birth weight babies are more than 20 times as likely to die in their first year of life as normal weight babies. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than girls who delay childbearing. With her education cut short, a teenage mother may lack job skills, making it hard for her to find and keep a job. A teenage mother may become financially dependent on her family or on welfare. Adaptado de www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1159.asp Segundo o texto, quais so os riscos de uma gravidez na adolescncia para a sade da mulher?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda questo. Teenage Pregnancy Teenage birth rates in the USA have declined steadily since 1991. While this is good news, teen birth rates in this country remain high, exceeding those in most developed countries. High teen birth rates are an important concern because teen mothers and their babies face increased risks to their health, and their opportunities to build a future are diminished. Between 1991 and 2002, the teenage birth rate fell by 30 percent. Still, in 2002, about 4 teenage girls in 100 had a baby. About 11 percent of all U.S. births in 2002 were to teens (ages 15 to 19) and about 17 percent of teen mothers go on to have a second baby within three years after the birth of their first baby. A teenage mother is at greater risk than women over age 20 for pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced anemia and high blood pressure. Teens that are under 15 years old also may be more than twice as likely to die of pregnancy complications as mothers ages 20 to 24. Teen mothers are more likely than mothers over age 20 to give birth prematurely. In 2002, 9.6 percent of mothers ages 15 to 19 years had a low birth weight baby (under 5.5 pounds), compared to 7.8 percent for mothers of all ages. Low birth weight babies may have organs that are not fully developed. This can lead to chronic lung problems, or bleeding in the brain, blindness and serious intestinal problems. Low birth weight babies are more than 20 times as likely to die in their first year of life as normal weight babies. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than girls who delay childbearing. With her education cut short, a teenage mother may lack job skills, making it hard for her to find and keep a job. A teenage mother may become financially dependent on her family or on welfare. Adaptado de www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1159.asp Entre os problemas gerados pela gravidez precoce, o estudo registra o nascimento de bebs de baixo peso. De acordo com o texto, que problemas de sade podem acometer esses bebs? Por qu?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) O texto abaixo se refere guerra entre a Inglaterra e a Frana no contexto da Revoluo Francesa no final do sculo XVIII: A cada navio que os canhes inimigos punham fora de combate, os governos da Inglaterra e da Frana procuravam desesperadamente mais dois mil carvalhos que pudessem substitu-lo. Para abastecer a marinha francesa, desmataram-se cadeias montanhosas inteiras, que nunca foram reflorestadas. Ao mesmo tempo, seus concorrentes ingleses transportavam madeira das florestas canadenses. (Adaptado de Simon Schama, Paisagem e Memria. So Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1996, p. 188.) a) Por que a Revoluo Francesa levou a uma guerra entre a Frana e outros pases europeus? b) Que relao o texto estabelece entre essa guerra e o desmatamento das florestas do hemisfrio norte? c) Como a questo ambiental foi tratada no protocolo de Kyoto, que entrou em vigor em 2005?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda questo. Teenage Pregnancy Teenage birth rates in the USA have declined steadily since 1991. While this is good news, teen birth rates in this country remain high, exceeding those in most developed countries. High teen birth rates are an important concern because teen mothers and their babies face increased risks to their health, and their opportunities to build a future are diminished. Between 1991 and 2002, the teenage birth rate fell by 30 percent. Still, in 2002, about 4 teenage girls in 100 had a baby. About 11 percent of all U.S. births in 2002 were to teens (ages 15 to 19) and about 17 percent of teen mothers go on to have a second baby within three years after the birth of their first baby. A teenage mother is at greater risk than women over age 20 for pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced anemia and high blood pressure. Teens that are under 15 years old also may be more than twice as likely to die of pregnancy complications as mothers ages 20 to 24. Teen mothers are more likely than mothers over age 20 to give birth prematurely. In 2002, 9.6 percent of mothers ages 15 to 19 years had a low birth weight baby (under 5.5 pounds), compared to 7.8 percent for mothers of all ages. Low birth weight babies may have organs that are not fully developed. This can lead to chronic lung problems, or bleeding in the brain, blindness and serious intestinal problems. Low birth weight babies are more than 20 times as likely to die in their first year of life as normal weight babies. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than girls who delay childbearing. With her education cut short, a teenage mother may lack job skills, making it hard for her to find and keep a job. A teenage mother may become financially dependent on her family or on welfare. Adaptado de www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1159.asp A gravidez prematura faz com que muitas adolescentes abandonem seus estudos. Quais so, segundo o texto, as possveis conseqncias desse fato?

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE) Em 1910, o crtico literrio Slvio Romero escreveu sobre a dcada de 1870. Em sua perspectiva, alguns acontecimentos teriam feito surgir uma nova gerao de intelectuais brasileiros engajados no que ele considerava como pensamento moderno. Para o autor, a Guerra do Paraguai mostrara os defeitos de nossa organizao militar e o acanhado de nossos progressos sociais, desvendando repugnantemente a chaga da escravido. (Adaptado de Ronaldo Vainfas (dir.), Dicionrio do Brasil Imperial. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2002, p. 309.) a) Cite uma caracterstica da gerao de intelectuais de 1870. b) Explique de que maneira a Guerra do Paraguai desvendava a chaga da escravido. c) Indique duas formas de engajamento dos intelectuais abolicionistas.

(UNICAMP - 2006 - 2 FASE )Leia o texto abaixo e responda questo. Teenage Pregnancy Teenage birth rates in the USA have declined steadily since 1991. While this is good news, teen birth rates in this country remain high, exceeding those in most developed countries. High teen birth rates are an important concern because teen mothers and their babies face increased risks to their health, and their opportunities to build a future are diminished. Between 1991 and 2002, the teenage birth rate fell by 30 percent. Still, in 2002, about 4 teenage girls in 100 had a baby. About 11 percent of all U.S. births in 2002 were to teens (ages 15 to 19) and about 17 percent of teen mothers go on to have a second baby within three years after the birth of their first baby. A teenage mother is at greater risk than women over age 20 for pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced anemia and high blood pressure. Teens that are under 15 years old also may be more than twice as likely to die of pregnancy complications as mothers ages 20 to 24. Teen mothers are more likely than mothers over age 20 to give birth prematurely. In 2002, 9.6 percent of mothers ages 15 to 19 years had a low birth weight baby (under 5.5 pounds), compared to 7.8 percent for mothers of all ages. Low birth weight babies may have organs that are not fully developed. This can lead to chronic lung problems, or bleeding in the brain, blindness and serious intestinal problems. Low birth weight babies are more than 20 times as likely to die in their first year of life as normal weight babies. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than girls who delay childbearing. With her education cut short, a teenage mother may lack job skills, making it hard for her to find and keep a job. A teenage mother may become financially dependent on her family or on welfare. Adaptado de www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1159.asp Os ndices 30%, 17% e 9,6% so mencionados em diferentes passagens do texto. O que esses ndices mostram, respectivamente?