Questões - UNESP | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1a fase)A Inconfidncia Mineira (1789) e a Conjurao Baiana (1798) tiveram semelhanas e diferenas significativas. correto afirmar que

(UNESP - 2017- 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. What is a glass ceiling? The phrase glass ceiling refers to an invisible barrier that prevents someone from achieving further success. It is most often used in the context of someones age, gender, or ethnicity keeping them from advancing to a certain point in a business or when he or she cannot or will not be promoted to a higher level of position/power. Glass ceilings are most often observed in the workplace and are usually a barrier to achieving power and success equal to that of a more dominant population. An example would be a woman who has better skills, talent, and education than her male peers but is obviously being passed over for promotions. The glass ceiling metaphor in the business world is a reference to an employees rise up the ranks of an organization. In theory, nothing prevents a woman from being promoted, but women can see that the higher they are in the company, the more promotions, pay raises, and opportunities they should have. Instead of being able to achieve the same success as peers, those who encounter glass ceilings are stopped by invisible obstacles that prevent them from rising further. The frustrating thing about this kind of oppression is that it is covert and cannot be seen. Instead of being a tangible barrier that would be easy to identify, a glass ceiling in the workplace persists in very subtle ways. http://study.com De acordo com o primeiro pargrafo, o que significa teto de vidro? Quais fatores so frequentemente associados a esse fenmeno e em que esfera ocorre com maior frequncia?

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 FASE) Leia os textos 1 e 2 para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. Texto 1 In Brazil, recession and housing cuts push families onto the street The countrys economic crisis and the high cost of living in big cities are forcing thousands onto the street, said Miriam Gomes, founder of Anjinho Feliz community center. She has never seen it this bad. Ive seen a 70 percent increase in the number of homeless over the last three years, said Gomes, as volunteers buzzed around the center distributing food. In the past, most homeless were adult males; now there are far more women and kids living on the streets, she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. About 14,000 people are living on the streets of Rio de Janeiro, a city of about 6.5 million, according to data from the municipal government. Thats a sharp increase over a decade ago in a trend seen across Brazils other big cities, according to government data and community workers. In Sao Paulo, the number of people sleeping rough on the streets nearly doubled between 2000 and 2015 to 15,906 people, according to that citys municipal government. Homelessness in Brazilian cities is generally defined as people who regularly sleep outside on the streets, rather than just those who lack a permanent address. National housing initiatives such as Brazils multi-billion dollar Minha Casa, Minha Vida building program, which provided a lifeline to some homeless families, have been cut. The waiting list for Minha Casa, Minha Vida is huge, said Gomes. And the homeless shelters are so awful that people would rather stay on the street. Other public services upon which the poor and homeless depend such as healthcare are also under strain, according to government officials and campaigners. Chris Arsenault. www.reuters.com, 07.02.2017. Adaptado. Texto 2 Number of rough sleepers in England rises for sixth successive year The number of people sleeping rough in England has risen for the sixth year in a row, according to the latest official figures. An estimated 4,134 people bedded down outside in 2016, according to the snapshot survey, an increase of 16% on the previous years figure of 3,569, and more than double the 2010 figure. John Healey, Labours housing spokesman, said: This is a direct result of decisions made by Conservative Ministers: a steep drop in investment for affordable homes, crude cuts to housing benefit and reduced funding for homelessness services. UK nationals made up the biggest share of the total rough-sleeping figure, with 17% from European Union (EU) states and 5% from non-EU countries. Women made up 12% of rough sleepers. Rough sleepers are defined for the purposes of official counts as people sleeping on the street and other places not designed for habitation. It does not include people in hostels or shelters or formal temporary accommodation. Patrick Butler. www.theguardian.com, 25.01.2017. Adaptado. Segundo os textos, qual a diferena entre a composio atual dos moradores em situao de rua no Brasil e no Reino Unido?

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 FASE) Leia os textos 1 e 2 para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. Texto 1 In Brazil, recession and housing cuts push families onto the street The countrys economic crisis and the high cost of living in big cities are forcing thousands onto the street, said Miriam Gomes, founder of Anjinho Feliz community center. She has never seen it this bad. Ive seen a 70 percent increase in the number of homeless over the last three years, said Gomes, as volunteers buzzed around the center distributing food. In the past, most homeless were adult males; now there are far more women and kids living on the streets, she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. About 14,000 people are living on the streets of Rio de Janeiro, a city of about 6.5 million, according to data from the municipal government. Thats a sharp increase over a decade ago in a trend seen across Brazils other big cities, according to government data and community workers. In Sao Paulo, the number of people sleeping rough on the streets nearly doubled between 2000 and 2015 to 15,906 people, according to that citys municipal government. Homelessness in Brazilian cities is generally defined as people who regularly sleep outside on the streets, rather than just those who lack a permanent address. National housing initiatives such as Brazils multi-billion dollar Minha Casa, Minha Vida building program, which provided a lifeline to some homeless families, have been cut. The waiting list for Minha Casa, Minha Vida is huge, said Gomes. And the homeless shelters are so awful that people would rather stay on the street. Other public services upon which the poor and homeless depend such as healthcare are also under strain, according to government officials and campaigners. Chris Arsenault. www.reuters.com, 07.02.2017. Adaptado. Texto 2 Number of rough sleepers in England rises for sixth successive year The number of people sleeping rough in England has risen for the sixth year in a row, according to the latest official figures. An estimated 4,134 people bedded down outside in 2016, according to the snapshot survey, an increase of 16% on the previous years figure of 3,569, and more than double the 2010 figure. John Healey, Labours housing spokesman, said: This is a direct result of decisions made by Conservative Ministers: a steep drop in investment for affordable homes, crude cuts to housing benefit and reduced funding for homelessness services. UK nationals made up the biggest share of the total rough-sleeping figure, with 17% from European Union (EU) states and 5% from non-EU countries. Women made up 12% of rough sleepers. Rough sleepers are defined for the purposes of official counts as people sleeping on the street and other places not designed for habitation. It does not include people in hostels or shelters or formal temporary accommodation. Patrick Butler. www.theguardian.com, 25.01.2017. Adaptado. Segundo o ltimo pargrafo do texto 1, quais as quatro dificuldades que os moradores em situao de rua enfrentam no Brasil?

(UNESP - 2017- 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. What is a glass ceiling? The phrase glass ceiling refers to an invisible barrier that prevents someone from achieving further success. It is most often used in the context of someones age, gender, or ethnicity keeping them from advancing to a certain point in a business or when he or she cannot or will not be promoted to a higher level of position/power. Glass ceilings are most often observed in the workplace and are usually a barrier to achieving power and success equal to that of a more dominant population. An example would be a woman who has better skills, talent, and education than her male peers but is obviously being passed over for promotions. The glass ceiling metaphor in the business world is a reference to an employees rise up the ranks of an organization. In theory, nothing prevents a woman from being promoted, but women can see that the higher they are in the company, the more promotions, pay raises, and opportunities they should have. Instead of being able to achieve the same success as peers, those who encounter glass ceilings are stopped by invisible obstacles that prevent them from rising further. The frustrating thing about this kind of oppression is that it is covert and cannot be seen. Instead of being a tangible barrier that would be easy to identify, a glass ceiling in the workplace persists in very subtle ways. http://study.com De acordo com as informaes do segundo e terceiro pargrafos, de que forma o teto de vidro se manifesta em relao s mulheres no mundo empresarial? Como o teto de vidro pode ser identificado?

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1a fase) Nem todos os homens se renderam diante das foras irresistveis do novo mundo fabril, e a experincia do movimento dos quebradores de mquina demonstra uma inequvoca capacidade dos trabalhadores para desencadear uma luta aberta contra o sistema de fbrica. De um lado, esse movimento de resistncia visava investir contra as novas relaes hierrquicas e autoritrias introduzidas no interior do processo de trabalho fabril, e nessa medida a destruio das mquinas funcionava como mecanismo de presso contra a nova direo organizativa das empresas; de outro lado, inmeras atividades de destruio carregaram implicitamente uma profunda hostilidade contra as novas mquinas e contra o marco organizador da produo que essa tecnologia impunha. Edgar de Decca. O nascimento das fbricas, 1982. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, os movimentos dos quebradores de mquinas, na Inglaterra do final do sculo XVIII e incio do XIX,

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE) A expanso territorial dos Estados Unidos, no sculo XIX, foi o resultado da compra da Louisiana francesa pelo governo central, da anexao de territrios mexicanos, da distribuio de pequenos lotes de terra para colonos pioneiros, da expanso das redes de estradas de ferro, assim como da anexao de terras indgenas. Esse processo expansionista foi ideologicamente justificado pela doutrina do Destino Manifesto, segundo a qual

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1a fase) A Revolta dos Mals, ocorrida em 1835 na Bahia, contou com ampla participao popular e defendeu, entre outras propostas,

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE)Art. 3O governo paraguaio se reconhece obrigado celebrao do Tratado da Trplice Aliana de 1de maio de 1865, entendendo-se estabelecido desde j que a navegao do Alto Paran e do Rio Paraguai nas guas territoriais da repblica deste nome fica franqueada aos navios de guerra e mercantes das naes aliadas, livres de todo e qualquer nus, e sem que se possa impedir ou estorvar-se de nenhum modo a liberdade dessa navegao comum. (Acordo Preliminar de Paz Celebrado entre Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai com o Paraguai (20 junho 1870). In: Paulo Bonavides e Roberto Amaral (orgs.). Textos polticos da histria do Brasil, 2002. Adaptado.) O tratado de paz imposto pelos pases vencedores da guerra contra o Paraguai deixa transparente um dos motivos da participao do Estado brasileiro no conflito:

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1a fase)Na passagem dos anos 1920 para a dcada seguinte, a poltica de valorizao do caf no Brasil

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE)Leia o texto para responder questo abaixo. A industrializao contempornea requer investimentos vultosos. No Brasil, esses investimentos no podiam ser feitos pelo setor privado, devido escassez de capital que caracteriza as naes em desenvolvimento. Alm disso, o crescimento econmico do Brasil, um recm-chegado ao processo de modernizao, processou-se em condies socioeconmicas diferentes. Um efeito internacional de demonstrao, na forma de imitao de padres de vida, entre pases ricos e pobres, e entre classes ricas e pobres dentro das naes, resultou em presses significativas sobre as taxas de crescimento para diminuir a diferena entre naes desenvolvidas e em desenvolvimento. Em vista das aspiraes de melhores padres de vida, o governo desempenhou um papel importante no crescimento econmico recente do Brasil. (Carlos Manuel Pelez e Wilson Suzigan.Histria monetria do Brasil, 1981. Adaptado.) De acordo com o texto, uma das particularidades do processo de industrializao brasileira

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1a fase) Dado que o Presidente eleito Donald Trump articulou uma viso coerente dos assuntos externos, parece que os Estados Unidos devem rejeitar a maioria das polticas do perodo ps-1945. Para Trump, a OTAN um mau negcio, a corrida nuclear algo bom, o presidente russo Vladimir Putin um colega admirvel, os grandes negcios vantajosos apenas para ns, norte-americanos, devem substituir o livre-comrcio. Com seu estilo peculiar, Trump est forando uma pergunta que, provavelmente, deveria ter sido levantada h 25 anos: os Estados Unidos devem ser uma potncia global, que mantenha a ordem mundial inclusive com o uso de armas, o que Theodore Roosevelt chamou, como todos sabem, de Big Stick? Curiosamente, a morte da Unio Sovitica e o fim da Guerra Fria no provocaram imediatamente esse debate. Na dcada de 1990, manter um papel de liderana global para os Estados Unidos parecia barato afinal, outras naes pagaram pela Guerra do Golfo Prsico de 1991. Nesse conflito e nas sucessivas intervenes norte-americanas na antiga Iugoslvia, os custos e as perdas foram baixos. Ento, no incio dos anos 2000, os americanos foram compreensivelmente absorvidos pelas consequncias do 11 de setembro e pelas guerras e ataques terroristas que se seguiram. Agora, para melhor ou para pior, o debate est nas nossas mos. (Eliot Cohen. Should the U.S. still carry a big stick?. www.latimes.com, 18.01.2017. Adaptado.) A chamada poltica do Big Stick, desenvolvida pelo presidente norte-americano Theodore Roosevelt, manifestou-se por meio

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE)Leia o texto para responder questo abaixo. A industrializao contempornea requer investimentos vultosos. No Brasil, esses investimentos no podiam ser feitos pelo setor privado, devido escassez de capital que caracteriza as naes em desenvolvimento. Alm disso, o crescimento econmico do Brasil, um recm-chegado ao processo de modernizao, processou-se em condies socioeconmicas diferentes. Um efeito internacional de demonstrao, na forma de imitao de padres de vida, entre pases ricos e pobres, e entre classes ricas e pobres dentro das naes, resultou em presses significativas sobre as taxas de crescimento para diminuir a diferena entre naes desenvolvidas e em desenvolvimento. Em vista das aspiraes de melhores padres de vida, o governo desempenhou um papel importante no crescimento econmico recente do Brasil. (Carlos Manuel Pelez e Wilson Suzigan. Histria monetria do Brasil, 1981. Adaptado.) Os impasses do desenvolvimento industrial brasileiro, apontados pelo texto, foram enfrentados no governo Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1961) com o Plano de Metas, cujo objetivo era promover a industrializao por meio

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE) Observe o cartaz, relativo ao plebiscito realizado em janeiro de 1963. O cartaz alude situao histrica brasileira marcada por

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1a fase) Dado que o Presidente eleito Donald Trump articulou uma viso coerente dos assuntos externos, parece que os Estados Unidos devem rejeitar a maioria das polticas do perodo ps-1945. Para Trump, a OTAN um mau negcio, a corrida nuclear algo bom, o presidente russo Vladimir Putin um colega admirvel, os grandes negcios vantajosos apenas para ns, norte-americanos, devem substituir o livre-comrcio. Com seu estilo peculiar, Trump est forando uma pergunta que, provavelmente, deveria ter sido levantada h 25 anos: os Estados Unidos devem ser uma potncia global, que mantenha a ordem mundial inclusive com o uso de armas, o que Theodore Roosevelt chamou, como todos sabem, de Big Stick? Curiosamente, a morte da Unio Sovitica e o fim da Guerra Fria no provocaram imediatamente esse debate. Na dcada de 1990, manter um papel de liderana global para os Estados Unidos parecia barato afinal, outras naes pagaram pela Guerra do Golfo Prsico de 1991. Nesse conflito e nas sucessivas intervenes norte-americanas na antiga Iugoslvia, os custos e as perdas foram baixos. Ento, no incio dos anos 2000, os americanos foram compreensivelmente absorvidos pelas consequncias do 11 de setembro e pelas guerras e ataques terroristas que se seguiram. Agora, para melhor ou para pior, o debate est nas nossas mos. (Eliot Cohen. Should the U.S. still carry a big stick?. www.latimes.com, 18.01.2017. Adaptado.) O texto identifica dois perodos distintos nas relaes globais aps o fim da Guerra Fria. Tais perodos podem ser descritos da seguinte forma: