Questões - UNESP | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 1 FASE)As primeiras expedies na costa africana a partir da ocupao de Ceuta em 1415, ainda na terra de povos berberes, foram registrando a geografia, as condies de navegao e de ancoragem. Nas paradas, os portugueses negociavam com as populaes locais e sequestravam pessoas que chegavam s praias, levando-as para os navios para serem vendidas como escravas. Tal ato era justificado pelo fato de esses povos serem infiis, seguidores das leis de Maom, considerados inimigos, e portanto podiam ser escravizados, pois acreditavam ser justo guerrear com eles. Mais ao sul, alm do rio Senegal, os povos encontrados no eram islamizados, portanto no eram inimigos, mas eram pagos, ignorantes das leis de Deus, e no entender dos portugueses da poca tambm podiam ser escravizados, pois ao se converterem ao cristianismo teriam uma chance de salvar suas almas na vida alm desta. (Marina de Mello e Souza. frica e Brasil africano, 2007.) O texto caracteriza

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo Keep your head up: how smartphone addiction kills manners and moods The average human head weighs between 4.5 and 5.5 kilograms, and when we bend our neck to text or check Facebook on our smartphone, the gravitational pull on our head and the stress on our neck increases. That common position, pervasive among everyone from ordinary people to presidents, can damage the cervical spine curve. Text neck is becoming a medical issue that countless people suffer from, and the way we hang our heads has other health risks, too, according to a report published last year in The Spine Journal. Posture has been proven to affect mood, behavior and memory, and frequent slouching can make us depressed, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The way we stand affects everything from the amount of energy we have to bone and muscle development, and even the amount of oxygen our lungs can take in. And the remedy can be ridiculously simple: just sit up. Some 75 percent of Americans believe their smartphone usage doesnt impact their ability to pay attention in a group setting, according to the Pew Research Center, and about a third of Americans believe that using phones in social settings actually contributes to the conversation. But does it? Etiquette experts and social scientists are adamantly united: no. That always-on behavior that smartphones contribute to causes us to remove ourselves from our reality, experts said. And aside from the health consequences, if were head down, our communication skills and manners are slumped, too. But, ironically, that might not be how most of us see ourselves. We think somehow that this antisocial behavior is not going to affect me, said Niobe Way, professor of applied psychology at New York University. Ms. Way studies technologys role in shaping adolescent development. These head-down interactions take us away from the present, no matter what group were in, she said. And its not just a youth problem. Its ingrained, learned, copied and repeated, much of it from mimicking adults. When kids see their parents head down, they emulate that action. The result is a loss of nonverbal cues, which can stunt development. (Adam Popescu. www.nytimes.com, 25.01.2018. Adaptado.) De acordo com o segundo pargrafo: a) Indique duas consequncias de se manter uma postura incorreta, citadas pelo National Center for Biotechnology Information. b) Que aspectos fsicos so influenciados pela postura?

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 1 FASE)As primeiras expedies na costa africana a partir da ocupao de Ceuta em 1415, ainda na terra de povos berberes, foram registrando a geografia, as condies de navegao e de ancoragem. Nas paradas, os portugueses negociavam com as populaes locais e sequestravam pessoas que chegavam s praias, levando-as para os navios para serem vendidas como escravas. Tal ato era justificado pelo fato de esses povos serem infiis, seguidores das leis de Maom, considerados inimigos, e portanto podiam ser escravizados, pois acreditavam ser justo guerrear com eles. Mais ao sul, alm do rio Senegal, os povos encontrados no eram islamizados, portanto no eram inimigos, mas eram pagos, ignorantes das leis de Deus, e no entender dos portugueses da poca tambm podiam ser escravizados, pois ao se converterem ao cristianismo teriam uma chance de salvar suas almas na vida alm desta. (Marina de Mello e Souza.frica e Brasil africano, 2007.) De acordo com o texto,

(UNESP -2018 - 1 FASE)Leia o texto para responder s questes Em 1500, fazia oito anos que havia presena europeia no Caribe: uma primeira tentativa de colonizao que ningum na poca podia imaginar que seria o preldio da conquista e da ocidentalizao de todo um continente e at, na realidade, uma das primeiras etapas da globalizao. A aventura das ilhas foi exemplar para toda a Amrica, espanhola, inglesa ou portuguesa, pois ali se desenvolveu um roteiro que se reproduziu em vrias outras regies do continente americano: caos e esbanjamento, incompetncia e desperdcio, indiferena, massacres e epidemias. A experincia serviu pelo menos de lio coroa espanhola, que tentou praticar no resto de suas possesses americanas uma poltica mais racional de dominao e de explorao dos vencidos: a instalao de uma Igreja poderosa, dominadora e prxima dos autctones, assim como a instalao de uma rede administrativa densa e o envio de funcionrios zelosos, que evitaram a repetio da catstrofe antilhana. (Serge Gruzinski. A passagem do sculo: 1480-1520: as origens da globalizao, 1999. Adaptado.) Os problemas ocorridos na colonizao das ilhas do Caribe podem ser considerados exemplares para toda a Amrica, pois geraram

(UNESP - 2018 - 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo. Climate change: How do we know? The Earths climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earths orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives. The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is extremely likely (greater than 95 percent probability) to be the result of human activity since the mid-20thcentury and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over decades to millennia. Earth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabled scientists to see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate on a global scale. This body of data, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate. The heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases was demonstrated in the mid-19th century. Their ability to affect the transfer of infrared energy through the atmosphere is the scientific basis of many instruments flown by NASA. There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gases must cause the Earth to warm in response. (https://climate.nasa.gov. Adaptado.) a) Quando comeou a atual tendncia de aquecimento global? Qual a perspectiva futura para essa tendncia? b) Em que aspecto a atual tendncia de aquecimento global difere das tendncias anteriores?

(UNESP - 2018 - 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo. Climate change: How do we know? The Earths climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earths orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives. The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is extremely likely (greater than 95 percent probability) to be the result of human activity since the mid-20thcentury and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over decades to millennia. Earth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabled scientists to see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate on a global scale. This body of data, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate. The heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases was demonstrated in the mid-19th century. Their ability to affect the transfer of infrared energy through the atmosphere is the scientific basis of many instruments flown by NASA. There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gases must cause the Earth to warm in response. (https://climate.nasa.gov. Adaptado.) De acordo com o terceiro pargrafo: a) o que permite que os cientistas obtenham dados sobre a Terra na atualidade? b) que tipo de dados tm sido obtidos e o que revelam?

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 1 FASE) Na colnia, a justia era exercida por toda uma gama de funcionrios a servio do rei) A violncia, a coero e a arbitrariedade foram suas principais caractersticas. [...] Nas regies em que a presena da Coroa era mais distante, os grandes proprietrios de terras exerciam considervel autoridade administrativa e judicial. No serto, os potentados impunham seus interesses populao livre. (Adriana Lopez e Carlos Guilherme Mota. Histria do Brasil: uma interpretao, 2008.) Ao analisar o aparato judicirio no Brasil Colonial, o texto

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo Keep your head up: how smartphone addiction kills manners and moods The average human head weighs between 4.5 and 5.5 kilograms, and when we bend our neck to text or check Facebook on our smartphone, the gravitational pull on our head and the stress on our neck increases. That common position, pervasive among everyone from ordinary people to presidents, can damage the cervical spine curve. Text neck is becoming a medical issue that countless people suffer from, and the way we hang our heads has other health risks, too, according to a report published last year in The Spine Journal. Posture has been proven to affect mood, behavior and memory, and frequent slouching can make us depressed, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The way we stand affects everything from the amount of energy we have to bone and muscle development, and even the amount of oxygen our lungs can take in. And the remedy can be ridiculously simple: just sit up. Some 75 percent of Americans believe their smartphone usage doesnt impact their ability to pay attention in a group setting, according to the Pew Research Center, and about a third of Americans believe that using phones in social settings actually contributes to the conversation. But does it? Etiquette experts and social scientists are adamantly united: no. That always-on behavior that smartphones contribute to causes us to remove ourselves from our reality, experts said. And aside from the health consequences, if were head down, our communication skills and manners are slumped, too. But, ironically, that might not be how most of us see ourselves. We think somehow that this antisocial behavior is not going to affect me, said Niobe Way, professor of applied psychology at New York University. Ms. Way studies technologys role in shaping adolescent development. These head-down interactions take us away from the present, no matter what group were in, she said. And its not just a youth problem. Its ingrained, learned, copied and repeated, much of it from mimicking adults. When kids see their parents head down, they emulate that action. The result is a loss of nonverbal cues, which can stunt development. (Adam Popescu. www.nytimes.com, 25.01.2018. Adaptado.) De acordo com o terceiro pargrafo: a) Como pensam 75% dos estadunidenses em relao ao uso de smartphones, segundo a pesquisa do Pew Research Center? Alm disso, o que pensa um tero dos estadunidenses? b) Quem apresenta opinio contrria ao resultado revelado pela pesquisa do Pew Research Center?

(UNESP -2018 - 1 FASE)Leia o texto para responder s questes Em 1500, fazia oito anos que havia presena europeia no Caribe: uma primeira tentativa de colonizao que ningum na poca podia imaginar que seria o preldio da conquista e da ocidentalizao de todo um continente e at, na realidade, uma das primeiras etapas da globalizao. A aventura das ilhas foi exemplar para toda a Amrica, espanhola, inglesa ou portuguesa, pois ali se desenvolveu um roteiro que se reproduziu em vrias outras regies do continente americano: caos e esbanjamento, incompetncia e desperdcio, indiferena, massacres e epidemias. A experincia serviu pelo menos de lio coroa espanhola, que tentou praticar no resto de suas possesses americanas uma poltica mais racional de dominao e de explorao dos vencidos: a instalao de uma Igreja poderosa, dominadora e prxima dos autctones, assim como a instalao de uma rede administrativa densa e o envio de funcionrios zelosos, que evitaram a repetio da catstrofe antilhana. (Serge Gruzinski. A passagem do sculo: 1480-1520: as origens da globalizao, 1999. Adaptado.) As epidemias provocadas pelos contatos entre europeus e povos autctones da Amrica

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 1 FASE) Ainda hoje a palavra Renascimento evoca a ideia de uma poca dourada e de homens libertos dos constrangimentos sociais, religiosos e polticos do perodo precedente. Nessa poca dourada, o individualismo, o paganismo e os valores da Antiguidade Clssica seriam cultuados, dando margem ao florescimento das artes e instalao do homem como centro do universo. (Tereza Aline Pereira de Queiroz. O Renascimento, 1995. Adaptado.) O texto refere-se a uma concepo acerca do Renascimento cultural dos sculos XV e XVI que

(UNESP -2018 - 1 FASE)Leia o texto para responder s questes Em 1500, fazia oito anos que havia presena europeia no Caribe: uma primeira tentativa de colonizao que ningum na poca podia imaginar que seria o preldio da conquista e da ocidentalizao de todo um continente e at, na realidade, uma das primeiras etapas da globalizao. A aventura das ilhas foi exemplar para toda a Amrica, espanhola, inglesa ou portuguesa, pois ali se desenvolveu um roteiro que se reproduziu em vrias outras regies do continente americano: caos e esbanjamento, incompetncia e desperdcio, indiferena, massacres e epidemias. A experincia serviu pelo menos de lio coroa espanhola, que tentou praticar no resto de suas possesses americanas uma poltica mais racional de dominao e de explorao dos vencidos: a instalao de uma Igreja poderosa, dominadora e prxima dos autctones, assim como a instalao de uma rede administrativa densa e o envio de funcionrios zelosos, que evitaram a repetio da catstrofe antilhana. (Serge Gruzinski. A passagem do sculo: 1480-1520: as origens da globalizao, 1999. Adaptado.) A instalao de uma Igreja poderosa, dominadora e prxima dos autctones contribuiu para a dominao espanhola e portuguesa da Amrica, uma vez que os religiosos

(UNESP - 2018 - 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo. Climate change: How do we know? The Earths climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earths orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives. The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is extremely likely (greater than 95 percent probability) to be the result of human activity since the mid-20th century and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over decades to millennia. Earth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabled scientists to see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate on a global scale. This body of data, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate. The heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases was demonstrated in the mid-19th century. Their ability to affect the transfer of infrared energy through the atmosphere is the scientific basis of many instruments flown by NASA. There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gases must cause the Earth to warm in response. (https://climate.nasa.gov. Adaptado.) a) Cite duas caractersticas atribudas ao dixido de carbono no quarto pargrafo. b) Identifique a causa e o efeito estabelecidos no trecho do quarto pargrafo There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gases must cause the Earth to warm in response.

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo Keep your head up: how smartphone addiction kills manners and moods The average human head weighs between 4.5 and 5.5 kilograms, and when we bend our neck to text or check Facebook on our smartphone, the gravitational pull on our head and the stress on our neck increases. That common position, pervasive among everyone from ordinary people to presidents, can damage the cervical spine curve. Text neck is becoming a medical issue that countless people suffer from, and the way we hang our heads has other health risks, too, according to a report published last year in The Spine Journal. Posture has been proven to affect mood, behavior and memory, and frequent slouching can make us depressed, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The way we stand affects everything from the amount of energy we have to bone and muscle development, and even the amount of oxygen our lungs can take in. And the remedy can be ridiculously simple: just sit up. Some 75 percent of Americans believe their smartphone usage doesnt impact their ability to pay attention in a group setting, according to the Pew Research Center, and about a third of Americans believe that using phones in social settings actually contributes to the conversation. But does it? Etiquette experts and social scientists are adamantly united: no. That always-on behavior that smartphones contribute to causes us to remove ourselves from our reality, experts said. And aside from the health consequences, if were head down, our communication skills and manners are slumped, too. But, ironically, that might not be how most of us see ourselves. We think somehow that this antisocial behavior is not going to affect me, said Niobe Way, professor of applied psychology at New York University. Ms. Way studies technologys role in shaping adolescent development. These head-down interactions take us away from the present, no matter what group were in, she said. And its not just a youth problem. Its ingrained, learned, copied and repeated, much of it from mimicking adults. When kids see their parents head down, they emulate that action. The result is a loss of nonverbal cues, which can stunt development. (Adam Popescu. www.nytimes.com, 25.01.2018. Adaptado.) De acordo com o quinto pargrafo: a) Alm dos adultos, que grupos tm seu desenvolvimento prejudicado pelo comportamento de estar de cabea baixa consultando o smartphone? b) Como as crianas adquirem o comportamento de ficar de cabea baixa e quais as consequncias disso?

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 1 FASE) (www.fafich.ufmg.br) A gravura representa a marcha de mulheres revolucionrias at o palcio real de Versalhes em 5 de outubro de 1789. A participao das mulheres na Revoluo Francesa

(UNESP - 2018/2 - 1 FASE) A primeira Constituio brasileira, de 1824, foi